作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
![南京航空航天大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](http://img62.ddimg.cn/digital/product/30/35/1901193035_ii_cover.jpg)
南京航空航天大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年南京航空航天大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’×15=15’)
1. laser printer【答案】激光印刷机
2. space shuttle【答案】航天飞机
3. integrated circuit【答案】集成电路
4. silicon chip【答案】硅片
5. landing gear【答案】起落架；着陆装置
6. aircraft carrier【答案】航空母舰
7. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织 (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)
8. CPI【答案】消费者价格指数 (Consumer Price Index)
9. EU【答案】欧盟 (European Union)
10. real estate【答案】不动产；房地产
11. constitutional monarchy【答案】君主立宪制度
12. King James Bible【答案】钦定版圣经
13. Capitol【答案】美国国会大厦
14. Secretary of State【答案】美国国务卿
15. Halloween【答案】万圣节
Part Ⅱ. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’×15=15’)
1. 飞机维护手册【答案】Airplane Maintenance Manual (AMM)
2. 交流电【答案】alternating current
3. 环境保护【答案】environmental protection
4. 高等学校【答案】institution of higher education
5. 奥林匹克运动会【答案】Olympic Games
6. 私营企业【答案】private enterprise
7. 博士生导师【答案】doctoral supervisor
8. 自动飞行系统【答案】Automatic Flight System
9. 社会科学【答案】Social Science
10. 南航【答案】China Southern Airlines
11. 外资【答案】foreign capital
12. 科学普及【答案】popularization of science
13. 空姐【答案】airline stewardess
14. 春节联欢晚会【答案】Spring Festival Gala Evening
15. 两弹一星【答案】Bombs and One Satellite
Part Ⅲ. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’×2 =60’).
Passage 1
In many areas the A380 has proven technologies that will become the standard for the next generation of airliners. As one example, the aircraft benefits from a higher proportion of carbon-fiber composite than any previous Airbus aircraft, around 22% compared with 12% for an A340-600 or 9% on a 777. For the first time, this technology has been applied to major components.
The information and data management requirements for an aircraft as large as the A380 also have placed demands on system design. These have been met in two ways. The aircraft’s avionics system uses 22 computers of 7 different varieties that share all the functions traditionally handled by individual “black boxes”. Data exchange in the system utilizes a high capacity and high speed Ethernet data link with data exchange at a rate of 10 million bits per second, 100 times the capacity of a traditional avionics system.【参考译文】
在许多领域，A380客机已经成熟的技术将成为下一代飞机的标准。例如，飞机的碳纤维复合材料的比例比以前的空中客机高得多，约为22%，而A340-600为12%，777为9%。这项技术首次适用于主要部件。
对于像A380一样大的飞机的信息和数据管理要求也对系统设计提出了要求。这些都是通过两种方式实现的。航空电子系统使用了共有7种不同的22台计算机，这些电脑具有传统上由个人“黑匣子”处理的所有功能。系统中的数据交换利用高容量和高速以太网数据链路，以每秒1000万比特的速率传输数据，是传统航空电子系统容量的100倍。
Passage 2
Music has always been a passion of mine. At the end of a really hard day in the office, I generally slip away sitting at a piano in a place where nothing matters but the elegance and precision of Mozart’s soothing melodies. Listening to music live at concerts is a really important part of my life. Actually, it’s an addiction. I simply couldn’t bear to do the endless work if I didn’t have some music playing in the background, which makes it bearable.
And it is this personal experience, which I am sure is not different from others, of playing and hearing music, knowing the impact it has had on my own life, which encourages me to talk about it with such zest. I know fully well that I am preaching today to those with wider knowledge and greater expertise that leaves me almost speechless with envy. But we share our commitment—to see our orchestra thrive both at home and abroad in their promotion of excellence.【参考译文】
音乐一直是我的热爱。办公室艰苦的一天工作结束后，我通常会坐在钢琴前，坐在那里感觉什么都不重要，就只有莫扎特舒缓的旋律的优雅和精准。在音乐会上听音乐是我生活中非常重要的一部分。其实，这是一种瘾。如果我没有播放一些背景音乐，我就无法忍受没完没了的工作。
正是这种玩音乐听音乐了解到音乐对自己生活的影响的个人经历，我相信与他人没有什么不同，鼓舞着我用这种热情谈论它。我非常清楚，我今天是在向具有更广泛和更多专业知识的人传道，这使我又忌妒又无奈。但我们有共同的承诺，那就是促进我们的管弦乐队在国内外蓬勃发展。
Part Ⅳ. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’×2 = 60’).
Passage 1
春节，俗称新年、过年，习惯上由除夕延至元宵节。除夕前各家进行大扫除，以示除旧迎新。除夕吃年夜饭是春节的重要内容，届时人们无论身在何地都要赶回家。上海境内多民族融合混居，因此年夜饭兼有南北之风。改革开放后，年夜饭的品种日益丰富，酒菜逐渐取代了饺子、馄饨、长寿面等传统食品。【参考译文】
Spring Festival, commonly known as New Year, used to be extended from New Year’s Eve to the Lantern Festival. Before the New Year’s Eve, every family cleans up the house to say farewell to the old year and welcome a new one. New Year’s Eve dinner is an important part of the Spring Festival, at that time people all going back home no matter where they are. Owing to the multi-ethnic integration, Shanghai has both the northern and southern New Year’s Eve dinner types. After the reform and opening up, there exists a growing variety of family reunion dinner. Dishes and wine gradually replaced the dumplings, wonton, longevity noodles and other traditional food.
Passage 2
书是我青春期的恋人，中年知己，暮年的伴侣，有了它，我就不再愁寂寞，不再怕人情冷暖，世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。我真的是“不可一日无此君”。当我忙完了，累极了；当我愤怒时，苦恼时，我就想亲近它，因为这是一种绝妙的安抚。【参考译文】
Books are my sweethearts in my youth, my bosom friends in my middle age, and my companions in my declining years. Accompanied by books, I never feel lonely, nor fear social snobbery or fickleness of the world. They have made a rich man of me in the inner world. I cannot do without them even for a single day. When I feel tired out after finishing my work, or when I am in a bad mood, I’ll try to get close to books for comfort—the best way for me to find spiritual consolation.
2012年南京航空航天大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’×15=15’)
1. stock exchange【答案】证券交易所
2. economic depression【答案】经济萧条
3. airport terminal【答案】航站楼
4. CEO【答案】首席执行官；执行总裁 (Chief Executive Officer)
5. NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织 (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
6. Euro-zone【答案】欧元区
7. greenhouse gas emissions【答案】温室气体排放
8. jetliner【答案】喷气客机
9. email spam【答案】垃圾邮件
10. the House of Representatives【答案】众议院
11. composite materials【答案】复合材料
12. Easter【答案】复活节
13. organic food【答案】有机食品
14. telemarketing【答案】电话营销
15. jet lag【答案】飞行时差
Part Ⅱ. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’×15=15’)
1. 自动飞行系统【答案】automatic flight system
2. 微机【答案】microcomputer
3. 欧共体【答案】EC (European Community)
4. 三农【答案】agriculture, farmer and rural area
5. 私企【答案】private enterprise
6. 能耗【答案】energy consumption
7. 第三产业【答案】tertiary industry; service sector
8. 中国石化【答案】Sinopec
9. 全球定位系统【答案】GPS (Global Positioning System)
10. 工商管理硕士【答案】MBA (Master of Business Administration)
11. 身份证【答案】ID card
12. 人大【答案】The National People’s Congress
13. 激光唱片【答案】compact disc
l4. 亚太经合组织【答案】APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
15. 雅思考试【答案】IELTS (International English Language Testing System)
Part Ⅲ. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’×2 =60’).
Passage 1
One of the greatest challenges that face every American president is to ensure that events of the day do not become cascading crises that crowd out the pursuit of our nation’s long-term strategic priorities and interests. This has been particularly true over the past three years, when the US has confronted a daunting array of challenges: global financial crises; the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; terrorist threats; direct challenges to global nuclear non-proliferation regimes; and the still unfolding, events across the Middle East and North Africa. Even as we have dealt with these dynamics, President Obama has pursued a rebalancing of our foreign policy priorities – and renewed our long-standing alliances, including with NATO--to ensure that our focus and our resources match our nation’s most important strategic interests.【参考译文】
历任美国总统所要面对的最大挑战之一，是确保日常发生的事件不会演变成妨碍我们追寻国家长期战略重点和利益的一连串危机。这种情况在过去三年间表现得尤为明显，在此期间，美国遭遇了令人头疼的一连串挑战：全球金融危机、伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争、恐怖主义威胁、全球核不扩散体系遭遇的直接挑战、以及仍在演变之中的中东及北非局势。即便当我们着手应对这些变动时，奥巴马总统已在寻求实现美国外交重点的再平衡，并加强了与包括北约在内的美国长期盟友之间的关系，以确保我们的重点和资源与我们国家最重要的战略利益相匹配。
Passage 2
Air France and British Airways have announced that later this year they will retire all of their Concordes from commercial service. For many Americans the Concorde has always been a bit of a joke, a prime example of what happens when bureaucrats pursue prestige through engineering. By the early 1960s US private firms were clearly ahead of European jet makers. The governments of France and the UK launched a joint project to outdo the Americans at their own game, by designing a supersonic jet that would restore European technological preeminence. After years of experimentation at vast public expense, the Anglo-French designers had made an engineering wonder with little hope of ever turning a profit.【参考译文】
法航与英航最近宣布，今年晚些时候所有的协和飞机将从商业飞行中退役。对于很多美国人来说，长期以来协和飞机多少是个笑料，是显示政府官僚之间通过工程领域的竞争追求声望会发生什么的最好例子。在上个世纪六十年代初期，美国民间飞机制造公司就已明显地超前于欧洲的喷气式飞机制造厂家。法国政府和英国政府联合发起了一个依靠自己力量超过美国的计划，想通过设计超音速飞机以恢复欧洲技术的领先地位。经过几年耗费巨额国有资金的试验之后，英法设计师们炮制出了一个几乎无望获得赢利的工程奇迹。
Part Ⅳ. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’×2 = 60’).
Passage 1
白天与夜间一样地安闲；一切人物或动或静，都有自得之趣；嫩暖的阳光或者轻淡的云影覆盖在场上，到夜呢，明耀的星月或者徐缓的凉风看守着整夜，在这境界这时间唯一的足以感动心情的就是秋虫儿们的合奏。它们高、低、宏、细、疾、徐、作、歇，仿佛曾经过乐师的精心训练，所以这样地无可批评，踌躇满志，其实他们每一个都是神妙的乐师；众妙毕集，各抒灵趣，那有不成人间绝响的呢。【参考译文】
There, peace and tranquility prevail day and night. All living beings, whether moving or at rest, stand to enjoy life in their own way. In the daytime, the sun shining warm and cozy with thin clouds floating over the fields, while during the night, the moon and stars hanging bright in the sky with soft breezes cooling the air. The only thing capable of affecting our mood then and there is the chorus by insects. Their performance, with a voice high or low, sonorous or piping, quick or slow, sustained or suspended, is flawless and skillful, as if they had undergone through training under a music master. In fact, each and every one of them is a consummate music master all by itself. A constellation of fine artists, they each give full play to their unique talent. No wonder their performance has reached the peak of artistic perfection.
Passage 2
我若为王，我的姓名就会改作：“万岁”，我的每一句话都成为：“圣旨”。我的意欲，我的贪念，乃至每一个幻想，都可竭尽全体臣民的力量去实现，即使是无法实现的。我将没有任何过失，因为没有人敢说它是过失；我将没有任何罪行，因为没有人敢说它是罪行。没有人敢呵斥我，指摘我，除非把我从王位上赶下来。但是赶下来，就是我不为王了。【参考译文】
If I were king, I would be addressed as “Your Majesty” and every word of mine would become a “royal edict”. All my subjects would leave no stone unturned to carry out every will, every avaricious desire and even every whim of mine, even though they were beyond the possible. I would do no wrong simply because no one dared to call it a wrong. I would commit no crime simply because no one dared to call it a crime. No one would dare to berate or find fault with me unless I was removed from the throne, which meant that I was no longer the king.
2013年南京航空航天大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’×15=15’)
1. malware【答案】恶意软件
2. code of conduct【答案】行为准则
3. inflation【答案】通货膨胀
4 search engine【答案】搜索引擎
5. square brackets【答案】方括号
6. 3G mobile【答案】第3代移动通讯
7. MOU【答案】谅解备忘录 (Memorandum of Understanding)
8. Chairman of the Board【答案】董事长
9. teleconference【答案】电话会议
10. correspondence university【答案】函授大学
11. vicious circle【答案】恶性循环
12. aircraft carrier【答案】航空母舰
13. entrepreneur【答案】企业家
14. financial crisis【答案】金融危机
15. intellectual property【答案】知识产权
Part Ⅱ. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’×15=15’)
1. 波音【答案】Boeing
2. 硅谷【答案】Silicon Valley
3. 教育机构【答案】educational institution
4. 科学态度【答案】scientific attitude
5. 市场营销【答案】marketing
6. 高能物理【答案】high-energy physics
7. 临界温度【答案】critical temperature
8. 控制系统【答案】control system
9. 经济发展【答案】economic development
10. 希望工程【答案】The Hope Project
11. 电流【答案】electric current
12. 技术革新【答案】technical innovation
13. 太阳能【答案】solar energy
14. 太空站【答案】space station
15. 数字电视【答案】digital television
Part Ⅲ. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’×2 =60’).
Passage 1
The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word ‘cybernetics’ (from the Greek word for ‘steersman’, ‘kubernetes’), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.
We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand upright, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.【参考译文】
美国数学家诺伯特维纳首先对“控制论”一词（来自希腊词 “kubernetes”,“舵手”）进行了广泛的使用，来描述这个研究的分支，它涉及到在生物和机器上的自我调节和控制系统。这个推论似乎很恰当，因为许多控制系统的主要功能是通过变化的条件来引导一个最优的过程，从而达到一个预定的目标。
我们从长期的经验中知道，稳定的物体是具有广泛基础的物体，大部分质量都集中在低处，但我们很少惊讶于只有双腿和脚支撑着时，我们自己卓越的直立能力。即使在被推动，或当我们的表面移动时，如在船上或公共汽车上，我们也能保持直立；能够在粗糙的地面上行走或跑步而不跌倒；在热的时候保持冷却，反之亦然；这些都是控制论过程和排斥生物和高度自动化的机器的属性的例子。
Passage 2
A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe, for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.【参考译文】
一个年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解和表达日落在他心中唤起的激情，便得出结论：日落处想必是通往遥远世界的大门。无论是谁，在强烈感受到美的时刻，心中都不禁油生一种遐想：我们似乎瞥见从另一个世界射向我们的一线光芒，那个世界不仅不同于我们这个世界，而且由于美感的强烈感染，在某些方面比我们这个世界更美好。虽然这光芒令人眼花缭乱，但它确实给予我们一种不曾经历和无法想象的美感和静谧的启示。这种美感和静谧是我们无法描述的，因为我们发明的语言是用来描述这个世界的含义，不能随便拿来去描述另一个世界。
Part Ⅳ. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’×2 = 60’).
Passage 1
大型飞机重大专项己经立项了，中国人要用自己的双手和智慧制造有国际竞争力的大飞机。让中国的大飞机飞上蓝天，既是国家的意志，也是全国人民的意志。我们一定要把这件事情做成功，实现几代人的梦想。这不仅是航空工业的需要，更是建设创新型国家的需要。大飞机研制会带动一批重大领域科技水平提升，将使中国整个客机制造业向更高领域迈进。【参考译文】
Large aircraft major projects have been established, the Chinese people must use their own hands and wisdom to create a large aircraft of international competitiveness. It is the will of both the country and the people to let China’s large aircraft fly on the blue sky. We must make it to achieve the dream of generations. This is not only the needs of the aviation industry, but also the need of building an innovative country. The development of large aircraft will drive a number of major areas of technological upgrading and will make China’s passenger aircraft industry move forward to a higher field.
Passage 2
细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。儿时，对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过年，对我来说，可是一年的大盼头了。过年，不但好玩，且有肉吃。那气氛是迷人的。年一过，又盼日子快些流，好流来又一个春节。
在盼中，日子真的流的飞快，转眼上了小学，继而上初中，然后高中，最后上大学，盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的内容也越渐丰富了：盼有好成绩毕业，盼有一份好工作，盼事业有成，盼挣钱替父母分忧，盼有一个好爱人……不知不觉中，天天踩着盼的石阶而上，自己竟成了一个大男人，一个挣钱养家糊口的忙碌的人了。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]