作者：韩满玲、王瑞
出版社：清华大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
考研英语题源深阅读Ⅳ 《科学美国人》、《商业周刊》与《卫报》分册试读：
前言
对于广大考研学子而言，考研英语阅读一直是一座难以跨越的高峰。近年来，随着考研英语阅读呈现出一系列的新变化，包括题源范围扩大化、文章题材多样化和考查角度灵活化等，阅读理解部分对考生的能力要求也相应有所提高。虽然市面上已有各种考研英语辅导资料来帮助考生攻克阅读难关，但是，无数的经验表明，仅靠题海战术及所谓的应试技巧是远远不够的，紧扣历年真题、深入剖析题源文章、注重阅读能力培养、实现应试技巧的全面提升才是决胜英语阅读的关键所在。
增加阅读量、扩大阅读范围是提高考生阅读能力的最有效的办法，而如何从浩如烟海的辅导资料中选择出真正贴近考研英语阅读、全面提升考研英语能力的文章则是至关重要的一步。事实上，如果我们能够选对英语文章、进行透彻分析，并且考生能够读深读透、坚持训练、持续总结，英语阅读能力的提升便指日可待。
幸运的是，通过对历年考研真题阅读理解文章来源的整理，我们发现，这其中是有规律可循的。下表为我们详细总结出的2005年至2015年的考研英语阅读理解部分真题来源以及出题频次汇总。近十年考研阅读真题来源汇总
上表详细列出了近十年考研英语真题阅读文章来源以及各刊物出题频次，根据这些报刊杂志的题源特点，我们按照真题选取频度由低到高，分类分册编写了5本丛书：《考研英语题源深阅读Ⅰ〈纽约时报〉与〈麦肯锡季刊〉分册》、《考研英语题源深阅读Ⅱ〈新闻周刊〉、〈探索〉与〈哈佛商业评论〉分册》、《考研英语题源深阅读Ⅲ〈时代周刊〉、〈科学〉、〈美国新闻与世界报道〉分册》、《考研英语题源深阅读Ⅳ〈科学美国人〉、〈商业周刊〉与〈卫报〉分册》、《考研英语题源深阅读Ⅴ〈经济学人〉与〈评论〉分册》。本系列丛书的编写正是基于这样的目的：在题源中精心选取在难度、篇幅、风格、题材方面与真题尽可能贴近的文章，附之以主旨、词汇、难句、文化背景等全方位多角度的点拨，从而最大限度地帮助考生节约复习时间、提高学习效率、实现英语阅读能力与应试技巧的双重跨越式提升。具体而言，本书在编写上具有以下特点：
1. 选文真题紧密接轨，应试学习两不耽误
本系列丛书涵盖考研真题十三大主要题源，力图为考生呈现最为全面的英语阅读图景。所选文章均为近两年的最新文章，题材涉及社会人生、文化艺术、科技教育、自然健康和经济管理等各个方面，极具时效性及新颖性。同时，选文紧扣与真题贴近的原则，无论在难度、篇幅还是题材、风格上都尽可能靠拢真题，力求为考生打造最为真实有效的演练平台。
2. 词汇难句一网打尽，能力技巧同步提升
本系列丛书在所选文章后附有详尽的词汇归纳，将重点词汇按照“大纲词汇”及“超纲词汇”分类，并加以注释。释义不仅包含单词在文章的语境中的意思，也全面涵盖该词的多种意义，并给出常见搭配与相关例句，方便考生加深记忆，并在阅读中轻松扩展词汇量。
本系列丛书从每篇文章中摘选三到五个长难句并给出译文以扫除考生在阅读过程中遇到的障碍，同时帮助读者加深对英文中多种表达方式的理解，品鉴地道英文表达之魅力。
3. 主旨背景一步到位，知识趣味完美融合
本系列丛书对每篇文章的主旨都进行了概括以使读者在阅读完一篇文章后，能够根据主旨介绍迅速抓住文章的话题、观点及作者的行文思路，有助于考生进行下一步的精读，进而全面准确地理解文章。
同时，每篇文章后附加的“文化背景小链接”也是本书的一大亮点。该板块主要选取文章所涉及的文化背景知识的词汇、短语，或者为当今社会最为流行的新词、热词进行介绍，以增加趣味性和知识性。这不仅加深了考生对文章的全面理解，还帮助考生拓展了视野，丰富了知识结构，更好地了解我们所处的时代背景、社会文化、潮流趋势，最终真正实现能力培养与快乐阅读的完美融合。
4. 题源真题对照比较，方法趋势同时掌握
本系列丛书在每册伊始，对相关真题的改编与出题点作出了演示与剖析，并在每册最后的附录中列出了各册所涉期刊的历年真题，以期待考生进一步熟悉考试出题思路和改编趋势。题源刊物出题频次汇总表
无限风光在险峰。我们真诚地期望本书能够助广大考生一臂之力，成功翻越“考研阅读”这一高峰，让更多的考生有机会感受胜利之巅的美好风光！同时，本书同样适用于希望品味地道英语文章、提升英语能力的读者朋友们，也希望它能给您带去语言之美和阅读之乐。编者
2015年6月第一章从题源文章到考研真题的改编演示
我们知道一篇考研英语的阅读真题是不可能与所选取的报刊杂志上的文章完全一致的，因为原文文章可能存在篇幅过长、超纲词汇较多、口语化表达或者书面化正式用语比较丰富等不适合考试阅读的情况。这就需要考研编题组对原文文章进行精简、改编，通过对题源文章和考研英语阅读真题的对比研究，我们发现，改编的原则大概有以下几条：
一、删去原文文章的题目。
二、将个别超出大纲的词汇或者并不常用的词语更换成大纲词汇或我们比较熟悉的词语、短语等。
三、将含有感情色彩、影响文章感情判断的词语或表达文章主旨立场的词或短语更换成没有感情色彩的、比较中性的词语。
四、精简文章内容，将不影响文章大意和阅读连贯性的细节部分合并或者直接去掉。
本书开篇分别对选自《商业周刊》与《科学美国人》的原文文章和考研英语真题文章进行对比分析，具体演示从题源文章到考研英语阅读的改编过程。
2010年硕士研究生入学考试Reading Part A Text 2
选自A Pending Threat to Patents，Business Week，Feb. 21st，2007
A Pending Threat to Patents[1]
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com (AMZN) received one for its “one click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch (MER)[2] got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.
Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready poised[3] to scale back on business method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz,the U. S. court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on Feb. 15[4] said it would use a particular case pending before it[5] to conduct a broad review of business method patents. In re Bilski,as the case is known, is “a very big deal”, says Dennis D. Crouch of, a patent professor at[6] the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents”.
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced ushered in[7] such patents with its 1998 decision in the so called State Street Bank (STT) case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging nascent[8] Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, portfolios,[9] if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.
The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court”, says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.
26. Business method patents have recently aroused concern because of_____.
［A］their limited value to business
［B］their connection with asset allocation
［C］the possible restriction on their granting
［D］the controversy over their authorization
出题点在第二段首句，结合第一段主旨要义即可得出本题答案。
27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?
［A］Its ruling complies with the court decisions.
［B］It involves a very big business transaction.
［C］It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.
［D］It may change the legal practices in the U. S.
结合第二段及第四段内容进行对比总结。
28. The word “about-face” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means _____.
［A］loss of good will
［B］increase of hostility
［C］change of attitude
［D］enhancement of dignity
考查对第二段主旨内容及第三段“because”后的句意的理解。
29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents _____.
［A］are immune to legal challenges
［B］are often unnecessarily issued
［C］lower the esteem for patent holders
［D］increase the incidence of risks
解题线索在倒数第二段第二句及末段首句。
30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
［A］A looming threat to business method patents.
［B］Protection or business-method patent holders.
［C］A legal case regarding business method patents.
［D］A prevailing trend against business-method patents.
考查对文章主要话题的把握，结合全文主旨可以得出正确答案。【答案】：
26. ［C］
27. ［D］
28. ［C］
29. ［B］
30. ［A］
[1]删去原文题目。
[2]删去与文意不相关的股票代码以及缩写。
[3]“poised to do”译为做好准备随时做某事，替换成容易理解的“completely ready”。
[4]删除具体的时间信息。
[5]将“case pending before it”用简单的“particular case”代替。
[6]用“of”代替细节“patent professor”，文章内容更精简。
[7]“usher in”（引进）用简单词汇“introduce”替换。
[8]“nascent”（初期的，发生中的）用简单近义词“emerging”代替。
[9]“portfolios”（档案，文件夹，投资组合）用简单词“files”代替。2007年硕士研究生入学考试Reading Part A Text 2
选自Intelligence Considered，Scientific American，Jan. 20th，1998
Intelligence Considered[10]
For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn”. People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ intelligence quotient[11] of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit perplexing confusing[12] when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, what's the difference between love and fondness? infatuation?[13] Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology neurobiology, genetics, ethology,[14] computer science and other fields?
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford Benet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Super high scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT college entrance exams[15] will testify that test taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?
［A］Answering philosophical questions.
［B］Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
［C］Telling the differences between certain concepts.
［D］Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
考查对第一段第三句话的理解。
27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?
［A］People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
［B］More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
［C］The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
［D］Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
考查对第3段内容的理解，根据“both come in adult and children's version”及“among age peers”推断出正确选项。
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because_____.
［A］the scores are obtained through different computational procedures
［B］creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now
［C］vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat
［D］the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed
考查对第3段第5句意义的理解。
29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that_____.
［A］test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability
［B］IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated
［C］testing involves a lot of guesswork
［D］traditional tests are out of date
考查对最后一段内容的理解，出题点在最后一段第一、二句话。
30. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests?
［A］supportive
［B］skeptical
［C］impartial
［D］biased
考查作者的观点态度，出题点在全篇文章，答题点主要在最后一段。【答案】：
26. ［D］
27. ［C］
28. ［A］
29. ［A］
30. ［B］
[10]删去原文题目。
[11]将“智商”英文全称“intelligence quotient”替换为简称“IQ”。
[12]将“perplexing”替换成简单近义词“confusing”，二者都有“迷惑、不解”之意。
[13]将难词“infatuation”（迷恋）替换成简单词汇“fondness”（钟爱）。
[14]将“neurobiology”（神经生物学）替换为“neurology”（神经学），并删去“ethology”（习性学）等生僻词，不影响对文章的理解。
[15]将“college entrance exams”替换为国人更熟悉的“SAT”，帮助理解。第二章题源文章阅读第一部分 社会人生类Passage One Dispose of Chopsticks and China Loses Part of Its Identity丢掉筷子后的身份认同缺失
The Guardian
Mar. 18, 2013
Although I grew up in Singapore and lived in China for seven years, I never learned to wield chopsticks with skill, as if they were graceful extensions of my fingers. Get it right, and no food, great or small, slippery or sticky, is beyond your reach.
Instead of holding my chopsticks parallel and deftly manoeuvring the ends toward each other, I cross mine near the middle so that they pivot for better leverage. I would be told that this “X” signalled ill-wishes to my dining companions, which, of course, was not the case. Since I'm also left-handed (another ancient Chinese no-no), I figure I would just be considered an overall lost cause.
Even so, I felt uneasy when I heard that a Chinese legislator was discouraging the use of disposable chopsticks for environmental reasons—and considering alternatives.
Bo Guangxin, chairman of state-owned wood firm Jilin Forestry Industry Group, said that the country produces about 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks each year, made from 20 million 20-year-old trees—an unsustainable burden on the national forests.
“To solve the issue of disposable chopsticks, I think we first need to bring a change to people's eating habits and urge everyone to carry their own eating utensils around,” he said, “and secondly, we should gradually explore a replacement for them.”
What that means is unclear, and how fast this will happen is questionable—there have been several aborted campaigns to halt the use of disposable chopsticks in recent years—but if knives and forks are to be that replacement, it will be unthinkable.
In China, chopsticks are as quintessential to life and culture as tea and rice or noodles (depending on whether you're in the north or south). When I lived in Beijing or travelled on assignment, using a fork was rarely an option, certainly not at the hole-in-the-wall eateries which served the most delicious dumplings, noodles and “home style” dishes like tomatoes fried with eggs, fragrant and spicy shredded potatoes and red braised pork.
There are also many superstitions attached to chopsticks: dropping chopsticks is bad luck, sticking them upright in your rice is taboo because of the imagery of incense sticks at funeral altars, and finding an uneven pair means you're going to miss transport.
Then there is the long list of chopsticks don'ts: don't point with them, don't spear food with them, don't use them to tap your bowl; only beggars do that. Among the favourite customs are using them to fish cooked bits of meat and vegetables from boiling broth while eating “hot pot” with friends, and serving choice pieces to show affection or respect, not forgetting to flip the chopsticks around to offer the side that has not touched your mouth.
When I was growing up, my parents and I used a knife and fork more often than chopsticks, slicing cleanly into meat-and-veg meals at the western restaurants they favoured. Singaporean noodle dishes were enjoyed, whenever possible, pulled high and slurped from a fork or twirled around its tines, Italian-style. Even when savouring one of my beloved grandmother's meals—steamed fish, soy-braised chicken wings, pickled radish stir-fried with sliced pork—I ate off a plate, heaping food onto a spoon with the help of a fork, while my grandmother held up her bowl and pushed rice into her mouth with her chopsticks in the traditional Chinese way.
It was only after my time in China that I had better insight into how integral chopsticks are to the country's identity. It would be a shame if that gets eroded. Knives and forks, whose use at the table is said to have been discouraged by benevolent philosopher Confucius because they were instruments of killing, don't have the same rich traditions and legacy of elegance and delicacy.
Even my crossed chopsticks and I understand that.提纲挈领
本文主要介绍了一位长期在中国生活的新加坡人对中国特色餐具——筷子——的文化解读。作者列举了与筷子相关的故事、禁忌和礼仪，也讲述了他（她）使用筷子的亲身经历，表达了对筷子独特的感情，作者认为筷子是对中国文化认同的一个重要元素，因而对近期出台的限用一次性筷子的规定表达了些许质疑。障碍词汇
大纲词汇
halt［hɔ:lt］ v. 使停止；使立定【搭配】halt the policy 叫停政策【例句】The plan for armistice talks was halted.
和平谈判计划被迫中止。
quintessential［ˌkwinti'senʃ(ə)l］ a. 精髓的；精粹的【搭配】be quintessential to是……的精髓【例句】Whether it is a family outing or an individual journey we understand that the outdoor life is quintessential to our inner spirit.
不论是家庭外出旅游还是独自旅行，我们认为户外生活是我们灵魂深处的精髓。
fish［fiʃ］ v. 钓鱼，捕鱼；搜寻【搭配】fish for 摸索；寻找【例句】He didn't want to create the impression that he was fishing for information.
他不想让人觉得自己是在套话。
heap［hi:p］ v. 堆；堆积【搭配】heap up 堆起【例句】Mrs. Madrigal heaped more carrots onto Michael's plate.
马德里加尔夫人将更多的胡萝卜堆到了迈克尔的盘子里。
超纲词汇
wield［wi:ld］ vt. 使用；行使；挥舞
manoeuvre［mə'nu:və］ v. 调动；演习；操纵
pivot［'pivət］ v. 在枢轴上转动；随……转移
hole-in-the-wall［'həulinðə'wɔ:l］ a. 简陋的；狭小的
eatery［'i:təri］ n. 简便饮食店；小饭馆
shred［ʃred］ v. 切成条状
braise［breiz］ vt. 炖；蒸
superstition［ˌsu:pə'stiʃ(ə)n］ n. 迷信
incense［'insens］ n. 香
spear［spiə］ v. 用矛刺
broth［brɒθ］ n. 肉汤难句翻译
Although I grew up in Singapore and lived in China for seven years, I never learned to wield chopsticks with skill, as if they were graceful extensions of my fingers.
译文：虽然我在新加坡长大并且在中国生活了七年之久，但从未学会如何能将筷子熟练地摆弄于指间，仿佛它们是我手指的优雅的延伸。
Instead of holding my chopsticks parallel and deftly manoeuvring the ends toward each other, I cross mine near the middle so that they pivot for better leverage.
译文：我并没有能将筷子平行地拿着并且灵活地掌握筷头，而是将接近筷子中部的位置交叉在一起，以便能使其更好地借用杠杆原理而扭转。
When I lived in Beijing or travelled on assignment, using a fork was rarely an option, certainly not at the hole-in-the-wall eateries which served the most delicious dumplings, noodles and “home style” dishes like tomatoes fried with eggs, fragrant and spicy shredded potatoes and red braised pork.
译文：当我居住在北京或是因公出差时，很少会用叉子吃饭，尤其是在狭小的餐馆享用最美味的饺子、面条和诸如西红柿炒鸡蛋、酸辣土豆丝、红烧肉等家常菜时。
Among the favourite customs are using them to fish cooked bits of meat and vegetables from boiling broth while eating “hot pot” with friends, and serving choice pieces to show affection or respect, not forgetting to flip the chopsticks around to offer the side that has not touched your mouth.
译文：还有很多特别受人喜爱的习惯，比如在和朋友吃“火锅”时，用筷子把少量的菜和肉从煮开的肉汤里捞出来；或者为别人夹菜以示爱护或尊敬，但要记得调转筷子，用你没有使用过的那一端。
Even when savouring one of my beloved grandmother's meals—steamed fish, soy-braised chicken wings, pickled radish stir-fried with sliced pork—I ate off a plate, heaping food onto a spoon with the help of a fork, while my grandmother held up her bowl and pushed rice into her mouth with her chopsticks in the traditional Chinese way.
译文：即使是在品尝我最喜欢的奶奶做的菜——清蒸鱼、酱油鸡翅、腌萝卜炒肉丝时，我都得借用叉子把食物高高地堆放在叉子上这样子来吃掉整整一盘；然而我奶奶会用传统的中国人的习惯，把碗端起来然后用筷子把米饭都扒到嘴里。文化背景小链接
chopsticks：筷子，古称箸，是中国、韩国和日本等东亚国家普遍使用的饮食工具。筷子的使用有很多礼节，简单列举如下：
1. 夹起食物之后，不应该将此食物再放回盘中。
2. 不能用筷头对着人或用餐时拿筷子指手画脚。
3. 不能将筷子插入一碗米或饭中。传说这是古时祖先奉献物的安置方法，有不吉利的征兆。
4. 不与他人的筷子相争。
5. 赴宴时，不应提前于主人动筷子（汤匙亦然）。
6. 在有些国家，会等客人（或者在座最年长者）动筷后才开始吃饭。
7. 在用餐过程中，已经举起筷子，但不知该夹哪道菜时，不可将筷子在各盘菜中来回移动或在空中游弋，也不可在菜盘上来回转动而又不夹菜。Passage Two I Wasted Four Years of My Life, don't Make the Same Mistake四年时光蹉跎而过——切莫重蹈覆辙
The Guardian
Aug. 23, 2013
I spent a semester learning about Spanish chivalric literature, wrote a dissertation about surrealist images, fell in love with the poetry of Federico García Lorca and, in short, wasted four years of my life. My degree in French and Spanish—despite being a decent grade from a good university—is not worth the paper it's written on.
At school, I was in the top set for maths. My teachers recommended that I study economics and statistics as my A-level subjects, but I had my mind set on a life fulfilled by the arts. I saw myself as an accomplished novelist or an interpreter for the EU.
If you are studying for a degree in arts or languages, you are probably wasting your time, too. I mean this in a literal sense. The next three or four years of your life may be romantic, inspiring and entertaining, but you are still wasting your time. Trust me, I know a thing about time-wasting.
Without realizing it, I was a victim of a gender stereotype reinforced since birth, that men do science and maths and women do arts or languages. This prejudice has grown worse over the past two decades. Last week's A-Level results show only 245 girls took A-Level computing this year, compared with 5 153 who took Spanish. This is a decline of 1.3% from last year, despite the fact that the few girls who took A-Level computing outperformed boys.
Computer science, technology and physics just did not figure in my teenage world view. Nobody popular in my school chose to study those subjects.
Reality struck hard when I began attending job interviews and interviewers would say: “It's great that you speak foreign languages, but what else do you do?” Nobody asked my friends who had studied
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