浙江工商大学外国语学院820翻译与写作历年考研真题及详解(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


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浙江工商大学外国语学院820翻译与写作历年考研真题及详解

浙江工商大学外国语学院820翻译与写作历年考研真题及详解试读:

2007年浙江工商大学外国语学院420翻译与写作考研真题及详解

Part One Translation(90分/150)

1. Translate the Following English into Chinese (20分):

In other words, American literature is to our eyes a curious amalgam of familiar and strange. America is, of course, an extension of Europe in Europe’s expansionist phase. It has been peopled mainly by Europeans. The “involuntary immigrants”—Negro slaves—from Africa are an exception, and their presence has modified American society. But in general the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking, America might be called a European colony.

However, to say so is to draw attention to the complexity of the American scene. No other colony has been so heterogeneously populated, or so long politically independent of Europe. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its cleavage from, and superiority to, the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. Yesterday has been dismissed and pined for: tomorrow has been invoked and dreaded. It has not been the most favorable of situations for the production of literature.【参考译文】

换句话说,我们认为,美国文学把我们所熟悉的陌生的东西奇妙地结合起来了。美国当然是欧洲向外扩展时期的外延,欧洲人是主要的移民。非洲被强迫而来的移民——黑奴——是个例外,这些人的到来使美国社会有了变化,不过大体上美国是按照欧洲,特别是英国的先例建立的。就文化而言,美国可以说是欧洲的一个殖民地。

这样说是要人们注意到美国社会的复杂性。其他殖民地的居民成分没有如此复杂,政治上脱离欧洲也没有如此长久。没有一个起源于欧洲的国家,像它这样敏锐地意识到要和欧洲文化分家,而且要超过欧洲文化。贯穿美国历史的,也就是贯穿美国文学的,是一种双重意识;既眷恋旧大陆的文明,又憧憬新大陆的前程。昨日已成过去,但也值得留恋;明天已经在望,但也令人惴惴不安。这不是一个最适合文学创作的环境。

2. Translate the Following into English (25分):

恋爱是人类生活的中心,孟子说:“食色性也。”所谓恋爱正是天赋之本能;如一生不了解恋爱的人,他又何能了解整个的人生?所以凡事都从学习而知而能,只有恋爱用不着学习,只要到了相当的年龄,碰到合适的机会,他和她便会莫名其妙地恋爱起来。

恋爱人人都会,可是不见得人人都懂,世俗大半以性欲伪充恋爱,以游戏的态度处置恋爱,于是我们时刻可看到因恋爱而不幸的记载。实在的恋爱绝不是游戏,它具有引人向上的鞭策力,它更是美丽的象征。

在一双男女正纯情热爱着的时候,他和她内心充实着惊人的力量:他们的灵魂是从万有的束缚中,得到了自由,不怕威胁,不为利诱,他们是超越了现实,而创造他们理想的乐园。【参考译文】

Romantic love is the core of human life. Mencius says, “The desire for food and sex is nature.” In other words, love is innate. If one remains a lifelong stranger to love, how can he thoroughly understand life? Man becomes capable through learning. But love is an exception. Boy and girl, when they are of age and meet at an opportune moment, will become mysteriously attached to each other.

Though people love by instinct, yet all cannot understand it correctly. More often than not, love is but carnal desire and is treated as a mere game. That is why we so often hear tragic stories of love. True love is not a game. Nor can its true value be appreciated by the morally degenerate. True love spurs one on to higher attainment. It embodies the supreme quality of selflessness, and is, above all, symbolic of beauty.

When a man and woman are deeply immersed in true love, they are full of amazing inner strength. Their souls are freed from all bondage. They are unyielding before threats and incorruptible before any promise of material gain. They transcend the reality to create an ideal paradise of their own.

3. Translate the Following Business English into Chinese (20分):

The outstanding marketing advantage of a small business over a large one is its closeness to its customers. Many small-business owners cater to a devoted group of customers by stocking special goods and personalizing services for them. By furnishing more and better services, the small business often can compete effectively with a large one. These services include deliveries, phone orders, gift wrapping, check cashing, credit, and a merchandise-on-approval program.

Among the marketing weakness of small firms are inadequate sales programs, lack of effective advertising programs, inadequate inventory control, and purchasing and pricing disadvantages. For example, many small businesses employ only part-time salespersons. Their sales presentations often are incomplete and ineffective because the only sales training these salespersons receive is from representatives of wholesalers and other suppliers.

Many small firms lack both the creative talent and the money for an effective advertising program. In most cases they cannot afford to use an advertising agency. They rely mainly on satisfied customers to spread the message about their goods and services. When they advertise, they do so only in the classified section of the newspapers and in the Yellow Pages of the telephone directory. As a result, they are unable to evaluate the effectiveness of their advertising.【参考译文】

与大企业相比,小企业最突出的营销优势是与客户的密切关系。许多小企业主通过提供特殊商品和个性化服务来培养一群忠实顾客。通过提供更多更好的服务,小企业往往可以有效地与大企业竞争。这些服务包括送货、电话订购、礼品包装、支票兑现、信用卡和试销体验。

小公司的营销弱点包括销售计划不充分、缺乏有效的广告计划、库存控制不足以及采购定价劣势。例如,许多小企业的销售都是兼职人员。他们的销售报告一般都不完整,又没有效果,因为这些销售人员接受过的唯一销售培训是来自批发商和其他供应商的代表。

许多小公司既缺乏创意人才,又缺乏有效的广告资金。在大多数情况下,他们请不起广告公司。他们主要依靠对其满意的顾客来宣传他们商品和服务。他们就算做广告也只是在报纸的分类栏和电话簿的黄页上做。因此,他们无法评估广告是否有效。

4. Please Translate the Following Chinese into English (25分):

随着国际贸易的发展,贸易与环境的关系问题日益引起世界各国的重视。1995年世界贸易组织(WTO)成立后,就建立了贸易与环境委员会(CTE)。其主要宗旨是“明确贸易措施与环境措施之间的关系以促进可持续发展;对多边贸易体系条款是否需要修改提出适当建议,这些建议必须与多边贸易体系的公开、公正、非歧视性原则相一致。”

2001年多哈召开的WTO第四届部长级会议上,在欧盟的积极推动下,经过激烈谈判,在会议最后一刻将贸易与环境问题列入了新一轮多边贸易谈判。WTO成员国从此对贸易与环境议题展开谈判。

中国政府高度重视贸易与环境问题,积极参与了WTO贸易与环境议题谈判,并分别在2003年7月和2004年6月的CTE特会上提交了两份提案,为推动谈判进展做出了技术性贡献。【参考译文】

With the development of international trade, the issue of the relationship between trade and environment has become the concern of countries all over the world. The World Trade Organization (WTO) established a Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) when it was launched in 1995. The CTE’s main mandates are “to identify the relationship between trade measures and environmental measures, in order to promote sustainable development, and to make appropriate recommendations on whether any modifications of the provisions of the multilateral trading system are required, compatible with the open, equitable and non-discriminatory nature of the system.”

Largely pushed by the EC, the trade and environmental issue was adopted as the new round multilateral trade negotiations at the very thlast minute after heated debates at the 4 WTO Ministerial Conference held in Doha in November 2001. It was then decided that the WTO Members shall negotiate on the trade and environmental issue.

The Chinese government attaches great importance to trade and environmental issues and has been actively participating in the negotiations. China brought forward two submissions to the CTE Special Session in July 2003 and June 2004 respectively, and made its technical contributions in pushing forward the negotiations.

Part Two Writing (60分/150)

1. Read The Following Passage And Then Write A Coherent Essay To Answer The Question Given. You Are Required To Express Your Viewpoints Clearly And Logically Within 200 Words (20分):A City’s Traffic Plans and China’s Car Culture

SHANGHAI, July 9—When officials drew up the blueprints for the redesign of this city in the early 1980s, nary a skyscraper punctuated the low-slung horizon, whose buildings mostly dated from the decades of Western control early in the last century.

The hugely ambitious plans called for Shanghai to be built anew. And among the top priorities in a city previously dominated by bicycles was avoiding the most common plagues of the automobile age—unmanageable traffic and unbearable pollution.

As people in this richest of Chinese cities have grown more and more affluent, they have displayed an American-style passion for the automobile. But for Shanghai, as for much of China, getting rich and growing attached to cars have increasingly gone hand in hand, and have produced side effects familiar in cities that have long been addicted to automobiles—from filthy air and stressful, marathon commutes to sharply rising oil consumption.

The country’s top environmental officials have warned of ecological and economic doom if China continues to follow this pattern. But in cities like Shanghai, where automobiles account for 70 percent to 80 percent of air pollution, nothing seems capable of stopping, or even slowing, the rapid rise of a car culture.

This is not for lack of trying. But the traffic efforts have been coupled with a major expansion of the public transportation system, which comprises gleaming new subways and the world’s fastest train, a magnetic levitation vehicle that zips to the airport in under 10 minutes.

The steep growth in automobile traffic here, however, seems to mock the city’s efforts. The original blueprints for a major expansion of Shanghai’s road network, drawn up two decades ago, predicted that Shanghai would pass the threshold of two million cars in 2020. In fact, that figure was reached last November.

Meanwhile, the city is expanding its subway grid well beyond the 310 miles of track first planned. Two new lines are being added to the original 15, along with another 192 miles of track. Even so, the subway system, gleaming and clean though it is, is one area where traffic has failed to meet projections, with less than half the expected ridership on some lines. The reason, experts say, is that there are not enough trains, resulting in overcrowding which further encourages people to ride in cars.

Question:

What is China’s car culture according to the author and what is your understanding of car culture in China?【参考答案】

The author thinks that as rich people have grown more and more affluent, they have displayed an American-style passion for the automobile. When people get rich, they all want to buy a car. That’s car culture.

In my opinion, sometimes, car culture is a little ridiculous and unnecessary. On one hand, frankly, there is no need to buy a car in those richest cities. If you want to go out, taking underground is faster and safer. Imagine that you’re in a hurry to go to a job interview; you know you would miss it if you fail to get there on time. And then your car broke down or caught in a traffic jam. Then you may call it a tragedy. On the other hand, the increasing number of cars does contribute to the air pollution. Why must we spend our money in making our environment less livable?

2. Write An Essay Within 400 Words On The Following Topic (40分):“It is inevitable that as technology develops traditional cultures must be lost. Technology and tradition are incompatible—you cannot have both together.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please argue and support your viewpoints.【参考范文】

With the development of technology, some people say that traditional cultures must be lost. They believe that “Technology and tradition are incompatible—you cannot have both together.” As far as I’m concerned, I disagree with this statement. In my opinion, technology is like the hardware of a computer and culture is like the software. The traditional culture is the basis of Chinese culture. Technology and tradition can be compatible if we human guide them in a compatible way.

We can’t deny that technological development does seem to drive away some outdated traditional cultures. We can see these replacements from daily life. For example, farming machines have replaced the traditional agricultural methods, which increase the efficiency of the sowing and reaping process of agriculture. What’s more, the traditional ethics “the three obedience and four virtues imposed on women” was also wiped out because of the new technological age.

However, those excellent traditional cultures will never be lost. Instead, they can be enhanced and updated by technology. In ancient times, children had to recite those classical books even they couldn’t understand. While nowadays, many classical books are adapted into lots of cartoons and movies. So children can enjoy themselves at the same time of studying traditional virtues. When they grow up and are capable of reading original classic books, they can read them. Another example is about the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In old days, it’s very inconvenient for it involved complicated preparation. Thanks to medical technologies, ready-made TCM products are available now, reviving the beauty of Chinese medical traditions.

In sum, technology does cause the loss of certain traditional cultures in a way that “fittest culture survives” and yet compatibility between the two is easy to identify if we guide them properly. Therefore, it is one-sided to assume that traditional cultures inevitable die out as technology develops.【解析】

本文围绕“科学技术与传统文化能否互相调和”进行论述。文章第一段简要介绍了这一话题并给出作者自己的看法。第二段第三段通过举例说明了:只要人类调节引导得当,两者是能够共存的。最后一段总结全文,重申观点。

2008年浙江工商大学外国语学院820翻译与写作考研真题及详解

Part I Translation (90分/150)

1. Translate the following English into Chinese(20分):

What is it that is wrong with our present way of doing things? It is not that we cannot produce enough goods. Our machines turn out as much work in an hour as 10,000 hand-workers used to. But it is not enough for a country to produce goods: it must distribute them as well; and this is where our system breaks down hopelessly. Everybody ought to be living quite comfortably by working four or five hours a day with two Sundays in the week, yet millions of laborers die in the workhouse or on the dole(救济金) after sixty years of hard toil so that a few babies may have hundreds of thousands of pounds a year.

As I see it, this is not a thing to be argued about or to take sides about. It is stupid and wicked on the face of it; and it will smash us and our civilization if we do not resolutely reform it. Yet we do nothing but keep up a perpetual ballyhoo(侈谈) about Bolshevism, fascism, communism liberty, dictators, democracy, and all the rest of it. The very first lesson of the new history dug up for us by Professor Flinders Petrie during my lifetime is that no civilization, however splendid, illustrious and like our own, can stand up against the social resentments and class conflicts which follow a silly misdistribution of wealth, labor and leisure. And it is the one history lesson that is never taught in our schools, thus confirming the saying of the German philosopher, Hegel. “We learn from history that men never learn anything from history.”【参考译文】

我们当今在处理事情的方式上到底出了什么毛病呢?不是我们不能生产足够的商品,我们的机器现在每小时生产的东西相当于以前10000个手工工人干的活。但是,一个国家只生产商品是不够的,它还必须分配这些商品。而这却是我们的制度无可奈何地必然出毛病的地方。每个人一天工作4,5个小时,一周休两个礼拜天,就该过上十分舒适的生活。可是,为了几个天之骄子能够一年得到几十万磅的收入,千百万劳动者却不是死在车间,就是做60年苦工之后靠救济金度日。

依我之见,此事并不需要争论或表态。谁都可以一眼看出此事的愚蠢性及邪恶之处。如不坚决对之进行改革,我们本身及我们的文明都将被其毁灭。可是,我们只是喋喋不休的奢谈什么布尔什维克主义、法西斯主义、共产主义、自由、独裁者、民主以及诸如此类的东西。与我同时代的弗林德斯·皮特里教授为我们新发掘出来的历史所提供的首要教训就是:任何一种文明,不管多么灿烂、多么辉煌、多么相似于我们这里的文明,都经受不住由于在财富和劳逸方面愚蠢地分配不当而产生的社会不满和阶级冲突。这一历史却偏偏是我们学校从来没有教过的,从而证实了德国哲学家黑格尔的说法:“历史的经验教训告诉我们,人们不会从历史的经验中吸取教训。”

2. Translate the following English into English(25分):

我怀念着故乡的雷声和雨声。那隆隆有力的搏击,从山谷反响到山谷,仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动,惊醒,而怒茁出来。细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它,使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了。我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量,一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的眼里,如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点,久不落下。【参考译文】

I remember fondly the sounds of my birthplace—the sounds of thunder and of rain. Those mighty crashes rumbled and reverberated from mountain valley to mountain valley, as if the new shoots of spring were shaking in the frozen ground, awakening, and bursting forth with a terrifying vigor. Threads of rain, soft as fine grass, would then caress them with a tender hand, so that clumps of glossy green leaves would sprout forth and read flowers burst open. These fond recollections lingered with me like a kind of homesickness, leaving me dejected. Within my heart, the climate seemed as parched of rain as this northern continent; and like the raindrops, still hesitating in this leaden sky, for a long time not a single tear of tenderness had fallen from my arid eyes.

3. Translate the following English into Chinese(20分):

The big benefit of using direct marketing to build an ongoing relationship with an individual customer is that as time goes on, the customer’s trust and confidence in the organization build up. The hardest job is to get the initial purchase, but once customers have had one successful and satisfactory experience, they will be much more receptive and willing to try again. A shrewd direct marker can capitalize on this by analyzing a customer’s purchasing habits in order to tailor future offerings to fit that customer’s profile, and by gently nudging the customer up-market into more expensive purchases.

A future aspect to consider is the customer’s self-confidence. Some customers prefer to have a discreet direct relationship with organizations, and to make their purchases by mail order. Adult incontinence products, for example, are widely available through pharmacists, yet many customers purchase by mail to avoid what they see as the embarrassment of having to ask for the products or being seen to purchase them.【参考译文】

使用直接营销与单个客户建立持续关系的最大好处是,随着时间的推移,客户对组织的信任和信心会增强。最困难的工作是拿下第一笔交易,但一旦客户有了一个成功和满意的经验,他们会更容易接受,并愿意再试一次。精明的直接营销人员可以利用这一点,分析客户的购买习惯,以便根据客户的个人资料定制未来的产品,并轻轻地将客户推向高端市场,购买更昂贵的产品。

未来需要考虑的一个方面是客户的自信。一些客户更喜欢与组织建立谨慎的直接关系,并通过邮购进行购买。例如,药剂师会提供成人失禁产品,但许多顾客通过邮寄购买,以避免他们认为索要产品或被看到购买产品的尴尬。

4. Translate the following English into English(25分):

中国经济实现持续快速发展得益于对外开放和积极有效利用外资。利用外资是对外开放基本国策的重要内容。28年来,外商在华累计投资设立了近60万家企业,涉及农业、制造业、服务业等几乎所有领域,成为促进中国经济增长不可或缺的重要因素。2006年,外商投资企业工业增加值、进出口额、引进技术、缴纳税收占全国的比重分别达到29%,59%,51%和31%,直接就业人员超过2800万人,占全国城镇劳动就业人口的10%以上。截至2006年底,来华投资的国家和地区近200个,世界500强企业中480多家在华投资,外商投资设立的研发机构超过850个。【参考译文】

China’s sustained and rapid economic growth is attributed to opening-up and effective utilization of foreign direct investment. Attracting FDI is an important element of the basic state policy of opening-up. 28 years of foreign investment has resulted in nearly 600,000 companies in China, covering virtually all sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing and services. They have become an indispensable factor behind China’s economic growth. In 2006, foreign invested enterprises accounted for 19%, 59%, 51% and 21% respectively of China’s total industrial added value, import and export volume, technology transfer, and tax revenue. These enterprises directly employed more than 28 million people, or more than 10% of the total workforce in Chinese cities and towns. By the end of 2006, nearly 200 countries and regions and more than 480 Fortune 500 companies had invested in China. Over 850 R&D facilities had been set up in China with foreign investment.

Part Two Writing (60分/150)

1. Read The Following Passage And Then Write A Coherent Essay To Answer The Question Given. You Are Required To Express Your Viewpoints Clearly And Logically Within 200 Words. (20分)Growing Concerns

Despite a range of measures to keep the economy expanding in a balanced way, national policymakers must be feeling some stress as almost all indicators point blistering growth.

The gross domestic product expanded by 11.5 percent in the first three quarters year-on-year. The consumer price index (CPI) grew by 6.5 percent in October, matching the decade-long high reached in August. Urban fixed-assets investment growth hit 26.7% percent year-on-year from January to October. Real estate investment rose by 31.4%.

Despite a recent drastic correction, the Shanghai Composite Index still nearly doubled thus far this year. Increasing bank loans and piling up foreign exchange reserves continue to stoke the fire.

Premier Wen Jiabao said last week China should prevent its economy from becoming overheated and avoid structural price increases evolving into overall inflation. It has been interpreted as a sign that further tightening is in the pipeline. “Investment has been the main culprit for the rapidly expanding economy,” says Chen Jijun, senior macroeconomic analyst with Beijing-based CITIC Securities. It will be the target of macroeconomic regulation next year, he says.

The real estate sector is set to be one of those in the cross-hairs, according to Chen. “The effect of previous tightening measures targeted at the sector is yet to be seen,” he says, “Further measures may be taken in the future.” But those moves will also be structural, he said. Some elites have seen their house prices rising too fast while prices in others may remain acceptable. “This should be taken into consideration in carrying out regulations.”

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