新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——阅读理解突破(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：蒋景阳

出版社：浙江大学出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——阅读理解突破试读：

该系列教程为大专院校准备参加浙江省大学英语三级考试的人员编写，也适用于自学英语者。该丛书涵盖了新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试所要求的各种考试题型，能够帮助学生快速进入考试环境、找到考试感觉，具有很强的指导作用。

为了更好地帮助考生复习，了解浙江省大学英语三级考试的内容、要求、新题型以及难易程度，并通过有效的考前试题训练掌握各种题型的答题方法和技巧，提高得分能力，我们根据最新版的考纲以及多年的教学实践经验，倾情奉献了这套《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读》，包括：（1）《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——模拟试题汇编》；（2）《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——听力训练速成》；（3）《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——阅读理解突破》；（4）《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——标准预测试卷》；（5）《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——词汇速记宝典》；（6）《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——新题型总动员》（包括完形填空、翻译、写作和简短回答）。

本丛书具有如下特色：

一、作者阵容强大、辅导经验丰富、深谙命题动态

本丛书作者曾长期从事浙江省大学英语三级考试考题研究、阅卷与辅导工作，对浙江省大学英语三级考试的命题策略与考试要点非常熟悉。他们还有相当丰富的辅导和授课经验，深谙命题规律和出题的动态，达到命题原则的稳定性和科学性，保证了命题的质量，从而使本丛书具有极高的权威性。本丛书的出版凝聚着参与编写的专家、学者多年教学、命题、评卷的经验。

二、鲜明的创新特色，编写体例非常符合考生的需要

本从书全面吸收了同类图书的优点，结合作者丰富的辅导经验，博采众长，推陈出新，利用全新的周计划学习法，帮助学生进行系统化的学习、训练和巩固，从而使得丛书的结构和内容具有鲜明的特色。

三、紧扣新大纲，充分体现了科学性、实用性和针对性

本丛书紧扣新版的《浙江省大学英语三级考试大纲》，内容实用性、针对性强，能帮助学生迅速提高三级英语应试能力。

本丛书包含考试所必需的听、读、写各种技能，和考试题型题量一模一样，难易度也力求和真题相仿，有很好的预测功能。《新大纲浙江省大学英语三级考试必读——阅读理解突破》紧扣新大纲，取材广泛，内容新颖，紧跟时代潮流，有助于学生在最短的时间内了解三级考试阅读理解的全貌，包括题型、题量和难易度。学生可以利用模拟试题促进学习，发现自身之不足，找出差距，并通过反复练习，提高熟练程度，从而快速提高学生在三级考试中阅读理解部分的成绩。

三级考试阅读理解分册分为三个部分，供考生在五周内循序渐进地完成大学英语三级考试阅读理解部分的备考训练。

第一部分为三级阅读理解选择题的技巧概述和模拟试题。阅读能力为各项基本技能之首，而阅读理解则是综合考生各方面知识的过程。要想快捷、准确地理解所阅读的语篇，考生需要了解自己必须具备哪些能力、掌握哪些基本的阅读技巧等。本书结合实例对各种题型的解题技巧进行了详细的讲解，并在此基础上，为考生提供了为期三周的阅读理解选择题部分的模拟训练。

第二部分为三级选词填空的技巧概述和模拟试题。根据新版《浙江省大学英语三级考试大纲》的要求，在今后的考试中，选词填空将作为对多项选择题的补充，出现在阅读理解部分。针对这种新题型，本书也结合实例对解题步骤和解题技巧给予了详细的讲解。为了让考生能够熟练掌握这些技巧，提高实战能力，本书提供了为期两周的选词填空模拟训练。

第三部分为答案和解析。本书提供了详尽的答案解析，以帮助考生吃透考题、抓住要害、理清解题思路。

本书模拟训练的编排与《浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲》的要求完全一致。对《考试大纲》的阐释旨在帮助考生把握重点和难度，给考生的建议旨在帮助考生克服盲目做题的随意性，使考生在备考阶段能有效地利用有限的时间，取得满意的考试成绩。

本丛书由浙江省大学英语三级考试命题研究组共同讨论编写，蒋景阳教授担任总主编，Dr. Don Huffman任主审。本册由方富民任主编，李航、张艳萍任副主编，由张利、李航、王薇、王海虹、方富民编写。本书除了可用作大学英语三级备考外，还可作为全国公共英语等级考试（Public English Test System，简称PETS）、成人高校专科升本科考试、各类自学考试等同级别英语考试复习备考之用。

由于编写时间仓促，编者水平有限，书中错误在所难免，恳请广大读者批评指正。编　者2011年10月第一部分三级阅读选择题技巧概述

根据《浙江省大学英语三级考试大纲》（以下简称《大纲》）的要求，新的三级考试的阅读理解部分有两种题型：阅读选择题部分和选词填空部分。

阅读能力为各项基本技能之首，而阅读理解则是综合考生各方面知识的过程。要想快捷、准确地理解所阅读的语篇，考生需要了解自己必须具备哪些能力、掌握哪些基本的阅读技巧等。

一般说来，阅读理解的文章题材通常包括历史、文化、人物传记、科技、地理、生物、化学、医学、电子、一般常识、文学等；文章的体裁可以是记叙文、议论文和说明文，其中以说明文和议论文较为多见。而阅读理解的题型则主要有主观性题型和客观性题型。前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者语气及态度型、结论型等，后者主要包括事实型、推测词义型、指代关系型、常识题、是非题等。通常情况下，在做阅读理解题时，要求考生具备以下能力：

●　理解作者的思想和观点；

●　看出文章的叙事或推论过程；

●　看出并思考所读文章的细节，获得详细的信息；

●　把已获得的信息保存在大脑中以便随时使用；

●　看出作者的主要意图和文章的基调；

●　从有关资料中汲取有用的东西；

●　对非重要情节或信息一带而过；

●　根据阅读目的和材料的难易程度调整阅读速度和方法；

●　根据作者的描述得出自己的结论；

●　掌握词的多种含义的知识。

在具备这些基本能力的基础上，掌握正确的阅读方法和一定的阅读技巧就成了提高阅读速度和解答问题正确率的关键。就三级考试而言，在做阅读理解题时，考生要注意以下几个方面：

首先，在阅读速度方面，要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉有关信息，考生必须养成良好的阅读习惯。考生在阅读时不要逐词阅读，而要按意群（meaningful group）扫视、进行连贯阅读；不要拘泥于对个别词句的理解，而要力求融会贯通、掌握通篇的中心思想；不应通过字面翻译来理解文章，而应使英语的文字在大脑里过滤后直接产生意义。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才会提高。

在理解文章时，考生则应该理解题干，根据不同目的，采用不同方法。一般说来，做阅读理解题，考生可以分为快读和细读两步走：

快读的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。快读时，考生应该特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、文章中每段的段首句和结尾句以及篇章连接手段和行文中的信息词，因为它们往往是对文章内容的基本概括，是文章大意的关键。

细读则是指在找到文章中的有关范围以后，在该范围内逐句阅读，特别对关键词、关键句要仔细琢磨，以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。同时，考生不仅要理解这些词、句的字面意思，而且要通过推理，判断弄清文章中“字里行间”的隐含意思。在细读时，对没有学过的生词，考生可根据上下文或自己的背景知识等来推测其意义；对难以看懂的长句，考生可借助语法手段对其加以分析，以达到透彻理解。

当然，这些只是最基本的阅读习惯，而养成这样的阅读习惯并不是一蹴而就的。这要求考生除了在平时的训练中下意识地培养约束自己之外，还要在日常的英语学习过程中注意扩大自己的词汇量，因为有限的词汇量必然会影响一个人的阅读速度与阅读能力的提高。而提高阅读能力，考生又应该注意以下两个方面：首先，要掌握大纲要求的词汇量，在平时学习中注意对所学的语法知识加以归纳总结，达到熟练运用；其次，考生有必要进行有计划、有目的、大量的阅读实践，只有在大量的阅读中，才能建立语感，掌握正确的阅读方法，提高阅读技能。需要注意的是，这种阅读不能是盲目的，而应该是有计划、有目的的。在平时阅读训练时，把精读和泛读的内容区分开，定期进行阅读效果总结。同时，考生还应有意识地扩大阅读面，看一些有关英美等国的社会文化背景的材料和科普读物，这对于提高阅读理解能力也是大有裨益的。

在养成了良好的阅读习惯和掌握了基本的阅读方法的基础上，考生还应该针对具体题型，掌握一定的解题技巧。下面本书将根据阅读理解中常见的题型，用实例对各种题型的解题技巧进行详细讲解。主旨题

主旨题主要考查考生对短文整体理解概括的能力。任何一篇文章都表达一定的中心思想，为了测试考生是否能够正确理解整篇文章的大意和综合概括中心思想的能力，命题者往往会利用一些主旨归纳题来对考生进行考查。

主旨题常见的提问方式有：

This passage is mainly / primarily concerned with _____.

This passage is mainly about _____.

This passage mainly discusses / deals with _____.

What is the main idea of the passage?

What does the passage mainly discuss?

What is the main topic of the passage?

Which of the following can best sum up the passage?

Which of the following can best express / summarize / convey the main idea of the passage?

In this passage the author / writer mainly argues that _____.

What does the author intend to convey?

The purpose / aim of the passage is to _____.

The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to _____.

The passage is intended to _____.

要正确解答主旨题，考生必须通过仔细阅读来全面理解文章内容。而要了解文章的主旨大意，考生就必须掌握一定的解题技巧，即找出文章的主题句、捕捉文章的关键词、归纳主要细节。只有这样，考生才能提高解题的准确率。

主题句是用来表达段落中心思想的句子，它包含一个明确的思想或主题。段落围绕这个思想或主题发展，其他句子在意思上都与这个主题句有关。在一个由主题句发展而成的段落中，其他句子用来说明、解释或补充该主题句。这些句子从某种程度上来说是该主题句的扩展句。一篇文章是由段落组成的，而段落是由主题句扩展而成的。可以说，抓住了主题句就等于抓住了文章的主旨思想。

在三级阅读理解考试中，主题句一般都出现在段首或段尾，但也有出现在段中的。一般来说，学术论文、科普文章、新闻报道、说明文以及议论文等类型的文章有着鲜明的英语文章的篇章结构特点，即主题句常常处于段首。

除了抓住文章的主题句之外，考生还应该注意重要的、出现频率相对较高的词汇以及它们的同义、近义词，然后结合主题句或关键词，在脑海里形成一个整体印象。

同时，考生在解答主旨题时应该避免受到干扰项的干扰。一般来说，干扰项具备下列特征：

1．干扰项的内容概括得过于宽泛，超出了原文内容，在文章中找不到答题的依据。

2．干扰项的内容虽然与文章的内容有关，但是过于片面，它往往只是文章论述的其中一个要点或一个侧面。尽管从细节方面考虑，它是正确的，但是其覆盖面窄、概括性弱，因此不能真正反映和表达文章的中心思想。在多数情况下，命题者都会设计这样的选项，所以应该引起考生足够的注意。

3．干扰项的内容与常识相吻合，但是其与文章中的相关论述不一致，脱离原文基础的选项当然不应该作为正确答案。

请看下面的实例分析：【例1】

Water on the earth is being continuously recycled in a process known as the hydrologic cycle (水循环). The first step of the cycle is the evaporation of water in the oceans. Evaporation is the process of water turning into vapor, which then forms clouds in the sky. The second step is the water returning to the earth in the form of either rain, snow or ice. When the water reaches the earth's surface, it runs off into the rivers, lakes and the ocean, where the cycle begins again.

Not all water, however, stays on the surface of the earth in the hydrologic cycle. Some of it flows slowly into the ground through infiltration (渗入) and collects under the earth's surface as ground water. This ground water is extremely important to life on earth since 95% of the earth's water is in the oceans, and is too salty for humans or plants. Of the 5% on land, only 0.05% is above ground in rivers or lakes. The rest is underground water. This ground water is plentiful and dependable, as it doesn't depend on seasonal rain or snow. It is the major source of water for many cities. But as the population increases and the need for water also increases, the ground water in some areas is getting dangerously low. Added to this problem is an increasing amount of pollution that flows into the ground water. In the future, with an increasing population and more poisonous waste, the hydrologic cycle we depend on could become dangerously unbalanced.

Question:

This passage mainly discusses _____.

A) water conservation

B) the hydrologic cycle

C) underground water

D) polluted ground water

这篇文章主要讨论了水循环。文章在第一段的句首就开门见山地提出了什么叫水循环。文章总共有两段，每段讨论一个要点，每个要点都是由一个主题句来体现的。第一段的主题句就是第一句话：Water on the earth is being continuously recycled in a process known as the hydrologic cycle. 接下来文章就介绍了水循环的两大步骤。第二段主题句同样也是该段的第一句：Not all water, however, stays on the surface of the earth in the hydrologic cycle. 它告诉我们：在水循环的过程中，并不是所有的水都存在于地球的表面。接下来，作者又提供了有关地表水和地下水的细节，最后，作者又提到人口的增长和更多的水污染将导致某些地区的地下水位的下降，这将最终破坏水循环的平衡。综上所述，我们不难看出文章的主题是the hydrologic cycle，因此其正确答案为B)。从这一题的解答来看，考生如果能够抓住文章的主题句，那么他们就可以抓住文章的中心思想。【例2】

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared (培养). If an individual is handicapped (使不利) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins (同卵双胞胎)，Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. (智商) was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.

Question:

The main idea of this passage is that _____.

A) the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence

B) environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence

C) a person who is handicapped environmentally will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable

D) persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

这篇文章首先告诉我们人的智力主要是由两方面来决定的：人的大脑和环境。这也是第一段的主题句。而文章的第二段的主题句是该段的第一句话：The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. 从这一句话中，考生可以得知第二段主要围绕着环境在决定人的智力方面起到的重要作用而展开。考生如果能够抓住这两个主题句的话，那就等于把握了文章的中心思想，即决定人的智力有两个方面，其中更重要的方面是环境。因此，考生就可以选出该题的正确答案：B)。而答案A) 虽然是文章的一方面，但它不是最主要的内容，为干扰项；答案C) 只是用来说明环境决定智力的一个扩展句；而答案D) 本身就不是一个正确的陈述。【例3】

I don't mean that the housewife has much free time! For a short while after our twins were born I was without help and had to do everything myself including three-hourly feeds day and night, so I know how exhausting children and housework can be! As well as being exhausted, however, I felt nothing more than a boring job.

I had little to talk about when my husband came home in the evening and all the time I was consciously looking forward to what I called "getting back to work"—namely, to using some of the mental resources which I had been specially trained to use for years. I was indeed "on the go" for 24 hours a day but I wasn't doing the kind of work that made full use of my own abilities.

When I returned to studies I was constantly asked, "How do you find the time?" The answer seems to be a lifelong mystery to the woman who doesn't go out to work and quite simple to those of us who do.

There are 24 hours in every day: the people who ask this question seem to be amazed at how much can be packed into them; I am astonished at how little some people seem to do.

The answer is this—you can achieve as much in a day as you set out to achieve if you think ahead and get everything well organized.

The days when I have only our home to think about are just as busy as when I have other things to deal with as well.

I am running about most of the time cooking, shopping and doing the housework and seek to have no spare moments. But all of this is done equally well when I have things to do in addition, because I then make sure that everything is done with maximum efficiency in minimum time.

I see that the weekly order to the grocer really does include the needs for the week.

Shopping which can be done by telephone is done that way after having a word with the shopkeeper about the quality and service that I like. All cookery (烹饪) operations are carried out in the best order so that not a minute is wasted. I quickly found that it is possible to put in eight hours' work a day as well as being a housewife.

Question:

What is the main idea of this passage?

A) A married woman should first be a good mother before she thinks about returning to work.

B) A woman can do both her job and her housework properly if she gets things well-organized.

C) A married woman should go out to work to help support the family.

D) A woman should hold a job all her life.

这篇文章篇幅较长，且其主题句并没有出现在文章的第一句，所以要决定其主旨有一定的难度。但在通读文章一遍之后，考生会发现文章层次十分清晰，意思层层递进。首先，作者以自己的亲身经历为证，指出作为一名家庭主妇的确没有什么空闲时间，但是也让“我”觉得这终日的忙碌并没有让我的全部能力得到充分发挥。经过这一铺垫，作者接着提出只要安排合理，虽然同样是忙忙碌碌，但“我”可以做到工作和家务兼顾，这同时也是本文的主题句。于是作者接下来又进一步说明要如何去做到这一点，对这一主题进行补充说明。所以不难看出，本文的主题不是如大多数文章那样，出现在文章开始或者结尾部分，而是出现文章的中间部分。这就要求读者循着作者的思路对文章进行仔细分析，以明确其主旨。因此此题正确答案应当为B)。【例4】

Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged (享有特权的) few or for bored holiday makers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions for museums now.

At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. As these two examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, the number of visitors is increasing.

More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.

Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy.

One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not satisfied with standing and looking at works of art; they want art they can take part in. The same is true of science and history.

There is disagreement among directors concerning the kinds of service that museums should provide. Some believe that museums are already changing too much. Others feel that many museums still have too little connection with the world outside their walls. The problem is how museums can continue to serve as storehouses for treasures while encouraging the general public to enjoy visiting them.

Question:

This article is mainly about _____.

A) the advantages today's museums have

B) the changes museums are undergoing

C) the services museums can provide

D) the role museums should play

这篇文章篇幅虽长，但要了解其主旨却并非难事。文章在开篇第一句就用Museums have changed，作为文章的主题句。随后的部分均围绕这一主题而展开，对其进行说明解释：在第二、三、四段文章讲的是某些博物馆发生了哪些变化，随后讲了引起这些变化的原因，最后又提到了发生这些变化可能引起的弊端。所以本文总的说来是围绕“变化”二字展开的，此题所提供的四个选项中，只有B) 能概括全文的内容，至于其他三个选项都只涉及部分文章内容。因此本题正确答案应为B)。

总而言之，正确解答主旨题并不是一件很难的事情。只要考生在充分理解全文的基础上，把握文章脉络，明晰文章层次，就能轻松地在文中找出主题句或者是概括出该文的主题句，排除其他干扰项，做出正确的解答。标题题

在很多情况下，标题题也属于主旨题型一类。其测试目的也是为了考查考生对文章主题的理解。但是，相对于主旨题而言，标题题难度更大一点，因为标题题的选项往往是以短语的形式出现，更具有概括性，这就需要考生具备更强的概括能力。在处理这类题型的阅读理解题时，首先和做主旨题一样，考生也必须通读全文，了解文章论点的主次，抓住或概括文章的主题句，然后根据命题者所提供的选项，排除不合理选项（这些选项有时概括得过于宽泛，超出了原文的内容，有时又过于狭窄或过于偏颇，往往只是文章论点的一个次要论点，不足以概括文章的内容）。鉴于在上一讲中，我们已经详细地讲解了如何抓住主题句、如何捕捉关键词以确定文章主旨，这里我们就不再一一赘述，考生可以参考上一讲内容以了解具体的解题技巧。

标题题常见的提问方式有：

What is the best title for the passage?

The best title for this passage would be _____.

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

请看下面的实例分析：【例1】

One lunchtime, May Ward was going round the local supermarket in Parkside Road, Liverpool, doing her shopping, when she suddenly slipped and fell. She was badly shaken and hurt but fortunately nothing serious resulted. It turned out that she had slipped on some ice-cream which had been spilt on the floor. Two weeks later she wrote to the firm to claim compensation (赔偿) to make up for the pain and inconvenience she had suffered. She complained that they had been negligent and careless in not keeping the floor clean. The firm denied that they had been negligent and maintained that they had a proper system for keeping the floor clean. They had given instructions that when a member of staff found a spillage, he or she was to stand by it, and call someone else to clear up the mess.

Since Mrs. Ward felt that she was entitled to compensation, she sued (起诉) the firm in the Law Court. Here the firm claimed that it did not follow, just because someone had slipped on the floor, that they must have been negligent carrying out their duties. They said that unless the customer could prove how the ice-cream came to be on the floor, and how long it had been left there before the accident happened, she had not made out a proper case against them. But the judge took a different view. He said that, on the face of it, the accident would not have happened at all if the firm had taken reasonable care. It was something which in the ordinary course of events does not happen if floors are kept clean and spillages are dealt with as soon as they occur. It was up to the firm, he said, to provide evidence that the accident did not arise from the negligence on their part. They would obviously be in a better position than the customer to establish how long the ice-cream had been spilt and explain the circumstances to the Court.

Question:

The possible title of the passage is _____.

A) May Ward and Her Compensation

B) The Law Court

C) The Supermarket

D) A Wise Judge

这篇例文是一段叙事性文字，客观讲述了Mrs. Ward在一家超市摔跤后索赔的经过。文章里并没有明显的主题句，但是考生不难看出，文章按照事件发生的先后顺序，以“compensation”为线索，并围绕这一关键字眼而展开。所以文章的题目势必也与“compensation”相关。而此处被提供的四个选项中，只有A) 选项和文章内容紧密相关。至于其他三个选项，如果选择B) 的话，那么文章则必须是围绕关于法庭如何取证、如何判决等内容来展开的。虽然文章中确实包含部分如上内容，但是这个题目却无法将文章的第一段概括在内，所以B) 不可能是文章的题目；C) 选项“The Supermarket”也不符合要求，因为超市只是这篇文章中一个当事者而已，并不是文章的中心内容；至于D) 选项则更不可能是文章的合适题目，法官只是出现在文章第二部分里的一个人物，不是全文的核心。所以，只有A) 选项能够起到提纲挈领、贯穿全文的作用，适合充当本文的题目。【例2】

All food chains begin with the sun, and all food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.

All life depends on energy from sunlight. Only plants can use this energy directly. Their leaves are little factories that use sunlight to make food from water and things in the soil and air. Plants in turn serve as food for all other living things. Animals can only use the sun's energy after it has been changed into food by plants. Some animals feed directly on plants, others eat smaller animals. Meat-eating animals are only eating plants indirectly.

What about human being? We are members of many food chains. We eat vegetables and fruit. We also eat meat and drink milk. This means the sun's energy passes through plant to animal before it reaches us.

Nature is a great thing. Any food chain always produces enough for each of its members if it is left alone. When there isn't enough food for any link in the chain, some of its members die off. So the balance is always kept.

Questions:

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A) Energy from Sunlight

B) Plants and Animals

C) Food Chains

D) The Making of Food

这篇文章的主旨应该是显而易见的。文章在一开始就提到“食物链”这一关键词，并且在随后的内容也都是围绕这一字眼而展开的，所以文章的题目毫无疑问也应当与“食物链”相关。在此处的四个选项中，A) 选项所讲的“太阳能”与本文关系不大，仅仅是在文章的第二段开头被提到了一下，所以很容易被排除掉；B) 选项讲到的是“植物与动物”，此选项具有一定的干扰性，但只要考生仔细地阅读了文章，就不难发现其实文章并不是围绕动植物之间的关系来展开叙述的，而是谈到了它们之间的食物链关系，所以B) 也不是正确答案；而D) 选项说的“食物的生产”虽然与文章内容有一定关系，但分明也不是文章的主旨之所在，所以这里只有C) 选项与全文内容息息相关，是串联全文的线索，可以充当文章的标题。观点态度题

一篇文章不可避免地会反映作者的观点、态度和情绪，能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现学生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。这类题型主要是考查学生能否正确理解作者的写作意图、观点及阐述文章主题时的语气或对作者所论述的对象所持有的态度等。在有的文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，而在有的文章中，作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点，这时就需要考生在阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时，考生首先应该注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语；其次应注意一些表明作者观点的词汇，如形容词、动词等。通常情况下，考生往往可以通过分析作者使用的词汇或其采用的其他修辞方式来判断其态度和语气。总的来说，这类题型的题目比较难。对于这类问题的回答，考生应从篇章的体裁着手，从文章的论述方法、语气和遣词措辞中把握作者对事物的好恶，从而了解作者的态度和情感。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的（objective）或中立的（neutral）；而在议论文中，作者的观点会显得多种多样，我们可以将其分为三大类：褒义的、贬义的和中性的。关于褒义的态度，经常出现的选项有：positive（正面的，肯定的），approving（支持的，赞同的），humorous（幽默的），informative（提供信息的，大开眼界的），instructive（有教育意义的，启发性的），polite（礼貌的），optimistic（乐观的）等等；关于贬义的态度，经常出现的选项有：arbitrary（武断的），critical（批判的，挑剔的），doubtful（表示怀疑的，不信任的），ironical（讽刺的），questioning（置疑的），negative（反面的，否定的），pessimistic（悲观的），sarcastic（挖苦的，嘲讽的），subjective（主观的）等等；表示中立态度的选项通常有：concerned（关心的，关注的），disinterested（公平的，公正的），unbiased（公平的，公正的），indifferent（不感兴趣的，冷漠的），neutral（中立的），objective（客观的），serious（严肃的），sympathetic（同情的），warning（警告的），matter-of-fact（客观的），compromising（妥协的）等等。

观点态度题常见的提问方式有：

Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?

The author seems to be in favor of the idea of _____.

The author probably feels that _____.

What's the author's opinion of / about …?

What is the author's overall attitude towards …?

What does the author think of …?

The author's attitude towards … might be best summarized / described as _____.

In the writer's opinion, _____.

According to the author, _____.

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