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华中农业大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2015年华中农业大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and grammar (30′)
Section 1 Multiple choice (20′)
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1．The structure of the global economy _____ that developing nations put all their efforts into raising cash—usually by exploring whatever virgin resources the industrial world might desire.
A. dictates
B. regulates
C. allows
D. appeals【答案】A【解析】句意：全球经济结构要求发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金，其方式通常是探索国家所渴望的原始资源。dictate命令；口述。regulate调节，规定。
2．He never felt that being disabled _____ him of all moral responsibility to himself and his community.
A. released
B. relieved
C. removed
D. relied【答案】B【解析】句意：他从来没有感觉到身患残疾减轻了他对于自己及社区的道德责任。relieve sb. of减轻，缓解。
3．Hip replacement surgery is _____ joint replacement surgery in the U.S.
A. the single most frequent
B. the most single frequent
C. the single frequent
D. a single frequent【答案】A【解析】句意：髋关节置换手术是美国最常见的关节置换手术。这句话中single与最高级连用，表示强调。
4．Experimental sciences, based on the observation of the external world, cannot aspire to completeness; the nature of things, and the imperfection of our organs, _____.
A. are likely opposing it
B. are opposed to it and the like
C. are alike oppose it
D. are opposing it likewise【答案】B【解析】句意：实验科学基于对外部世界的观察，不能追求完整，因为事物的本质、人类器官的缺陷等都与之相对立。the like类似物，类似情况。be likely to do很可能做某事。
5．I couldn’t sleep because the tap in the bathroom was _____.
A. draining
B. dropping
C. spilling
D. dripping【答案】D【解析】句意：浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，我睡不着。drip滴（水），滴下（液体）。drain排水；流干。spill溢出，流出。
6．Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in _____ bins provided.
A. junk
B. litter
C. scrap
D. deposit【答案】B【解析】句意：请把空烟盒和纸袋放到提供的垃圾桶里。选项中只有litter常用来与bin搭配，构成名词短语litter bin“垃圾箱”。junk表示“大块、零碎废物”。scrap表示“小片、废料、残余物”。
7．Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite _____.
A. invaluable
B. priceless
C. unworthy
D. worthless【答案】D【解析】句意：一旦一幅画被证明是伪造的，那么它就会一文不值。worthless意为“无价值的；不值钱的”，可作表语。invaluable和priceless都表示“无价的；非常贵重的”。unworthy只能做定语。
8．As the director can’t come to the reception, I’m representing the company _____.
A. on his account
B. on his behalf
C. for his part
D. in his interest【答案】B【解析】句意：由于负责人不能来接待会，我以他的名义代表公司。on sb.’s behalf表示“以某人的名义，代表某人”。
9．Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and their scores have improved only _____.
A. marginally
B. marvelously
C. martially
D. markedly【答案】A【解析】句意：这些学校的学生在测试中表现出的阅读能力远低于全国平均水平，他们的分数也仅仅勉强合格。marginally少量地；最低限度地。marvelously奇迹般地；不可思议地。martially勇敢地；好战地。markedly明显地；显著地。
10．Many Fine Art graduates take _____ professional practices as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in fine community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.
A. down
B. up
C. out
D. in【答案】B【解析】句意：许多美术毕业生开始作为艺术家从事专业实践，这个过程为他们提供了短期的校外生活，从而引导他们思考自己在社会中作为艺术家的角色。take up拿起；开始从事。take down记下；拿下。take out取出；去掉。take in吸收；领会。
11．The fact is that motherhood makes the heaviest demands in _____ the areas of least experience.
A. that it might be called
B. what might be called
C. which might be called
D. it might be called【答案】B【解析】句意：事实上，母亲身份在可能是“经验最少”的人群中提出了最繁多的要求。in是介词，后面应该接宾语，所以是宾语从句，宾语从句中又缺主语，因此引导词为what。
12．_____ sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of fine twentieth century, they are gradually losing the central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.
A. As
B. For
C. While
D. Although【答案】D【解析】句意：虽然在二十世纪的大部分时间里，布道在宗教生活中保持着卓越的地位，但是他们正在逐渐失去主导地位，因为教堂在社会活动中花费了很多精力。由前后两个分句的句意可知，应该填表示转折关系的词。
13．As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom, _____.
A. was slowly to change
B. are slowly changed
C. is slowly changing
D. have slowly changed【答案】C【解析】句意：因此，学校的任务以及课堂文化在逐渐改变。along with连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和第一个主语保持一致。
14．There seemed little doubt that the spread of a particular cultural trait did follow a specific regular pattern _____.
A. as a society adopted
B. which a society adopted it
C. as a society adopted it
D. when a society adopted【答案】A【解析】句意：一种特定文化特点的传播遵循一种社会所接受的特定的规律，这一点似乎毫无疑问。这里as引导了一个定语从句，修饰的是“a specific regular pattern”，as在这个定语从句中做宾语。
15．_____ a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.
A. Obtaining not
B. Not obtaining
C. Not having obtained
D. Not obtained【答案】C【解析】句意：由于没有买到比赛的票，他现在只能呆在家里从电视上观看比赛。“没有买到票”这个动作发生在过去，对现在有一定的影响（呆在家里看电视），因此前半句的非谓语动词应该用现在完成时。
16．How can I ever concentrate if you _____ continually me with silly questions?
A. have, interrupted
B. had, interrupted
C. are, interrupting
D. were, interrupted【答案】C【解析】句意：如果你不断地用一些无聊问题来妨碍我，我怎么能集中精力呢？从can和句意可知，这句话是指目前正在发生的事，不是虚拟语气。
17．As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.
A. need not have dressed up
B. must not have dressed up
C. did not need to dress up
D. must not dress up【答案】A【解析】句意：原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们原本没有必要穿得如此正式。turn out to be 意为“原来是；结果是”，表示到了那里才知道那是个小聚会，而我们已经穿着很正式的衣服去参加了，因此应该是“原本不需要做而做了”。
18．It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.
A. but
B. nor
C. as
D. like【答案】C【解析】句意：与其说是语言，倒不如说是文化背景使这本书难懂。not so much…as…与其说……不如说……。
19．He was _____ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.
A. too much of a coward
B. too much the coward
C. a coward enough
D. enough of a coward【答案】A【解析】句意：他太胆小了，以至于不敢把真相告诉他最好的朋友。of加抽象名词相当于其对应的形容词。
20．Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _____.
A. to be shown
B. to have been shown
C. to have shown
D. being shown【答案】A【解析】句意：一些人十分谨慎地看待这些发现，因为他们注意到被动吸烟与癌症之间的因果关系仍有待研究。remain to be done表示有事情需要被做，动作尚未发生。
Section 2 Proofreading &error correction (10′)
Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “/\” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example【答案与解析】
1．in→with（带着某种感情应该用介词with。）
2．increasing→increasingly（由于修饰favourite，因此应用副词形式increasingly。）
3．so→but（前文说到“小麦价格在秋天通常很低”，后文说到“农民们等不到市场价格提高”，二者之间为转折关系。）
4．soon/ shortly（soon与shortly意思重复，因此应去掉其中一个。）
5．just→only（only to do为固定搭配，意思是结果……，表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的结果。）
6．asked/\for（这里的意思是生产组织“要求”政府进行更稳定的控制，因此用ask for。）
7．involving→involved（involved意思是“有关的；卷入的”。这里的意思是“政府不想参与其中”。）
8．life→living（living costs为固定搭配，意思是“生活费”。）
9．with/ handle→deal（handle不可与with连用，因此可将with去掉或将handle改为deal。）
10．total→full/complete（total有较强烈的计算意味，强调总量。）
II. Reading comprehension (40′)
Section 1 Multiple choice (20′)
Directions: In his section there are two reading passage followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travelers scratching their heads over what s going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travelers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, there’s no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travelers. And, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in 10 years.
But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Let’s just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are still hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago-just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code-sharing-the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.
So alliances are terrific for airlines-but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there’s the promise of “seamless” travel: the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janeiro, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacific’s director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. “It’s fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We’re working on this.” Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: “Global travellers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries.” Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards.
Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing. “I don’t see much of a gain for consumers: alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I’ll believe it when I see it. Most airlines can’t even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline.”
Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.
The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveler you are.
Those who’ve already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if you’re a Marco Polo Club “gold” member of Cathay Pacific s Asia Miles FFP, you will automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is a member-even if you’ve never flown with them before.
For those who haven’t made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline s Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25, 000 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member-All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways.
If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.
The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances aren’t all things to all people-but everybody can get some benefit out of them.
1．Which is the best word to describe air travelers’ reaction to airline alliances?
A. Delight.
B. Indifference.
C. Objection.
D. Puzzlement.
2．According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit _____.
A. North American airlines and their domestic travelers
B. North American airlines and their foreign counterparts
C. Asian airlines and their foreign travelers
D. Asian airlines and their domestic travelers
3．Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?
A. Baggage allowance.
B. Passenger comfort.
C. Convenience.
D. Quality.
4．One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be more expensive as a result of _____.
A. less convenience
B. higher operation costs
C. less competition
D. more joint marketing
5．According to the passage, which of the following categories of travelers will gain most from airline alliances?
A. Travelers who fly frequently economy class.
B. Travelers who fly frequently business class.
C. Travelers who fly occasionally during holidays.
D. Travelers who fly economy class once in a while.【答案与解析】
1．D 由文章开头的“Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused?”可知，乘客们对航空公司结盟的态度是困惑的。
2．B 由第二段可知，建立航空联盟可以“allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits”，其中的carriers指的是前文提到的北美航空公司和亚洲的航空公司。
3．A 文中第三段谈到了结盟的优点有“without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags”并提出“assure passengers consistent service standards”，选项A“行李津贴”没有在文中提及。
4．C 短文第五段第二句说“Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight.”由此可见，联合将最终导致票价上涨，因为联合的两个公司将共享路线，载满乘客，而不是互相竞争。
5．B 倒数第四段中提到“Those who’ve already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance”，而已经达到“elite grade”的人是那些经常乘坐商务舱的人。
Passage B
Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.
It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward something out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars—Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Interact, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little,” and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. it’s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.” So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a. m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’t think of themselves as a waiting at-2-a, m.-for-the-green-light people—that’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives arc less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’ re entitled to, you’ re as good as anyone else. The roles of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.
6．The author thinks that Danes adopt a _____ attitude towards their country.
A. boastful
B. modest
C. deprecating
D. mysterious
7．Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?
A. Fondness of foreign culture.
B. Equality in society.
C. Linguistic tolerance.
D. Persistent planning.
8．The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is _____.
A. disapproving
B. approving
C. noncommittal
D. doubtful
9．According to the passage, Danish orderliness _____.
A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other people
C. is considered economically essential to the country
D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
10．At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that _____.
A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits
B. Danes take for granted what is given to them
C. the open system helps to tide the country over
D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment【答案与解析】
6．C 由第一段“When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language…”可知，丹麦人对自己的国家不满意。
7．A 从第二段中“almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities”等可以看出，丹麦是一个平等的社会，所以B正确。从第二段“and despite all the English...by Copenhageners.”可知，丹麦人容忍英语和本地方言并存，所以C正确。从第四段讲丹麦是一个orderly land可知，丹麦是一个善于规划的，有秩序的国家，所以D正确。
8．D 工商部认为丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，没有污染，没有犯罪与贫穷等等，作者并没有直接地表达自己的态度，而是列举了一些与这些内容相反的社会现象，由此可知，作者是持怀疑的态度。
9．D 第4段中提到“Orderliness is a main selling point...ultramodern and well-maintained.”所以丹麦的这种井然有序对与这样一个资源短缺，生产力受限的国家来说，对这个国家的经济至关重要。
10．D 由本段第三句“The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone…”，可排除选项A。由第二句中的“…you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to…”可排除选项B。由最后一句“the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.”可排除选项C。本段并没有提到“井然有序的社会秩序有可能减轻失业问题”，故答案选D。
Section 2 Answering questions (20′)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.
Questions 1~2
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]