作者：圣才电子书
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常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋模拟试题】试读：
第一部分 章节题库（含名校考研真题）
第1章 殖民地时期的美国
I. Fill in the blanks.
1．Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the _____ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
2．The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was _____.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3．The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of _____.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
4．Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and _____, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward Taylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特律和爱德华·泰勒。
5．The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by _____.【答案】Anne Bradstreet【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。其代表作是诗集《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》（The Tenth Muse Late Sprung up in America）。
6．On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet _____ appeared.【答案】Common Sense【解析】1776年美国独立的风潮开始，托马斯·潘恩支持美国独立，反对英国的殖民专政，撰写了他的成名小册子《常识》，为美国从英国殖民中独立出来辩论，批评英国国王残暴无能，认为独立后的美国应该建立共和国。
7．Except Common Sense, Paine’s the other two famous works were _____ and _____.【答案】The Rights of Man，The Age of Reason【解析】潘恩著名的作品包括，《常识》、《人的权利》、《理性的时代》。
8．Thomas Paine’s second most important work _____ was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.【答案】The Rights of Man【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729-1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。
9．Thomas Paine, with his natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion, was appropriately born into an age of_____.【答案】Revolution【解析】潘恩是美国独立革命时期著名的作家之一。
10．Philip Freneau was noteworthy first because of the nature of his poems. They were truly American and very patriotic. In this respect, he reflected the spirit of his age. Therefore, he has been called the “_____ of American Poetry”.【答案】Father【解析】菲利普·弗瑞诺是开启美国民主主义的突出代表之一，他被称为“美国诗歌之父。”
11．From 1621 until his death, _____ probably possessed more power than any other colonial governor.【答案】William Bradford
12．William Bradford’s work _____ consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, and the second book describes the signing of the “Compact”.【答案】Mayflower
13．_____’s best verse is to be found in a series called “Preparatory Meditations”.【答案】Edward Taylor
14．In the book _____ John Smith wrote that “here nature and liberty afford us that freely which in England we want, or it costs us dearly.”【答案】A Description of New England
II. Multiple Choice
1．Early in _____, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts started the main stream of the American national history.（北二外2007研）
A. 14th century
B. 15th century
C. 17th century
D. 16th century【答案】C【解析】17世纪初，英国人在弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞定居，这也是美国历史的开端。
2．The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at _____.（北二外2009研）
A. Jamestown
B. New York
C. Boston
D. Concord【答案】A【解析】詹姆斯敦是英国人在北美的第一个永久定居地。
3．The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them _____.（北二外2008研）
A. Quakers
B. Anglicans
C. Catholics
D. Puritans.【答案】D【解析】早期来到北美的殖民者有不少是清教徒，因而殖民时期的文学深受清教思想影响。
4．It is a critical commonplace now that American literature is based on a myth, that is, _____.（北二外2008研）
A. the ancient Greek myth of Zeus
B. the British myth of the Saint Grail
C. the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden
D. the legend of the Sleepy Hollow【答案】C【解析】由于深受清教主义的影响，美国文学——至少是美国的白人文学——是建立在《圣经》伊甸园神话基础上的文学。
5．The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the _____.
A. Revolutionism
B. Reason
C. Individualism
D. Rationalism【答案】C【解析】美国价值观的核心是个人主义，因而，个人主义也成为贯穿美国文学史的主线。
6．The ship “_____” carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.
A. Sunflower
B. Armada
C. Mayflower
D. Titanic【答案】C【解析】1920年100多名清教徒前辈乘坐“五月花”号船到达美国马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。
7．The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted _____ in 1776.
A. the Declaration of Independence
B. the Sugar Act
C. the Stamp Act
D. the Mayflower Compact【答案】A【解析】1776年13个英属北美殖民地奋起反击英国的殖民统治，并且1776年7月4日，大陆会议通过了一份由托马斯·杰弗逊起草的《独立宣言》（Declaration of Independence）。
8．What style did the seventeenth century American poets adapt to the subject matter confronted in a strangely new environment?
A. The style of their own.
B. The style mixed with English and American elements.
C. The style mixed with native-American and British tradition.
D. The style of established European poets.【答案】D【解析】17世纪美国诗人大多沿袭英国诗歌的风格。
9．Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the _____ who appeared in America.
A. Ninth Muse
B. Tenth Muse
C. Best Muse
D. First Muse【答案】B【解析】安·布拉德斯特里特被誉为“美国出现的第十个缪斯”。
10．It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public voice demanded complete separation from England. The voice was that of _____, whose pamphlet Common Sense, with its heated language, increased the growing demand for separation.
A. Thomas Paine
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. George Washington
D. Patrick Henry【答案】A【解析】潘恩的《常识》号召美国摆脱英国的统治。
11．Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?
A. Common Sense.
B. The American Crisis.
C. The Rights of Man.
D. The Autobiography.【答案】D【解析】《自传》是本杰明·富兰克林的代表作，其余三项都是潘恩的主要作品。
12．“These are the times that try men’s souls”, these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence. Who is the author of these words?
A. Benjamin Franklin.
B. Thomas Paine.
C. Thomas Jefferson.
D. George Washington.【答案】B【解析】“这是考验人的灵魂的时刻”，这句话选自潘恩的《美国危机》。
13．Which work is written by Freneau?
A. The Rights of Man.
B. The Wild Honey Suckle.
C. Poor Richard’s Almanac.
D. The Day of Doom.【答案】B【解析】《野生的金银花》是弗瑞诺最具代表性的作品。
14．The early history of Colony was the history of _____ Bradford’s leadership.
A. Plymouth
B. Jamestown
C. New England
D. Mayflower【答案】A
III. Explain the following term.
1．American Puritanism（南开大学2008研）
Key: The word Puritanism is originally used to refer to the theology advocated by a party within the Church of England. The term Puritanism is also used in a broader sense to refer to the attitudes and values considered characteristic of the Puritans. It has been employed to denote a rigid moralism, or the condemnation of innocent pleasure, or religious narrowness adhered by the early New England Puritans. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influence over American moral values. And this Puritan influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. In addition, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works by such famous writers as Hawthorne and Melville.
2．Protestants（天津外国语2007研）
Key: Protestants refer to those people who believe in Protestantism. Protestantism is one of the four major divisions within Christianity. It is most closely tied to those groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Protestant doctrine was also known in continental European traditions as Evangelical doctrine. It typically holds that Scripture is the source of revealed truth.
IV. Read the following quotations and answer the questions.
Passage 1
Questions:
(1) This is the ninth of the “Contemplations” written by an early American woman writer. What is her name?
Key: Anne Bradstreet.
(2) Make a brief comment on this short poem.
Key: This short poem offers the reader an insight into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering into a new world. When the poet, heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, she thought of this as their praising their reator and searched her own soul accordingly. It is evident that she saw something metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan.
Passage 2
Huswifery
Questions:
(1) Identify the poet of this poem.
Key: Edward Taylor.
(2) Make a brief comment on this poem.
Key: The poem indicates that the poet saw religious significance in a simple daily incident like a housewife spinning. The spinning wheel, the distaff, the flyers, the spool, the reel and the yarn have all acquired a metaphorical significance in the symbolic, Puritan eyes of Edward Taylor.
Passage 3
These are the times that try men’s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: ‘This dearness only that gives everything its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods.
Questions:
(1) Which book is this passage taken from?
Key: The American Crisis
(2) Who is the author of this book?
Key: Thomas Paine
(3) Whom is the author praising? Whom is the author criticizing?
Key: Paine is praising those who stand “it”, it referring to “the service of their country”. In the meantime, Paine is criticizing those who shrink from the service of their country in this crisis.
(4) What do you think of the language used in the book?
Key: The language is plain, impressive and forceful. Paine himself once said that his purpose as a writer was to use plain language to make those who can scarcely read understand.
Passage 4
Questions:
(1) Who is the writer of these verses?
Key: Philip Freneau.
(2) What is the title of this poem?
Key: “The Wild Honey suckle”.
(3) Give a brief comment on this poem.
Key: Here Freneau offers a version of an abundant America with potential for providing a good life for all. The poem is also an indication of his dedication to American subject matter as he examined peculiarly American characteristics of the countryside.
V. Short answer questions
1．Who was Anne Bradstreet? What were her literary achievements?
Key: Anne Bradstreet (1612~1672) is one of the most important figures in the history of American Literature. She is considered by many to be the first American poet, and her first collection of poems, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, By a Gentlewoman of Those Parts, was the first book written by a woman to be published in the United State s. Mrs. Bradstreet’s works also serves as a document of the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of New England colonial life.
2．What are the basic Calvinist tenets?（国际关系学院2007研）
Key: Calvinist theology is sometimes identified with the five points of Calvinism, also called the doctrines of grace. In English, The five points are sometimes referred to by the acronym TULIP, which means Total Inherited Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace and Perseverance of the Saints England colonial life.
3．Write an analysis of The American Crisis.
Key: ①The American Crisis is Thomas Paine’s series of pamphlets came out at one of the darkest moments of the revolution when Washington troops had just suffered one of the worst defeats in the war and were in the process of retreating. When Washington had it read to the troops, it proved a heartening stimulus, a spurring excitement to further action with hope and confidence.
②In short, The American Crisis is an Enlightenment, Deist document. Man relies on reason and indomitable optimism, not salvation, for deliverance from travail. However much the soldier, the scholar, the common man struggling for victory wants the support of God, he must rely on his devotion to his cause and to his fellow man first and foremost.
VI. Essay question
1．What is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature?
Key: The settlement of the North American continent by the English began in the early part of the 17th century. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of the Puritans. They carried with them to America a code of values which became what is now popularly known as American Puritanism. It was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American literature. To some extent, it has become a state of mind, a part of national cultural atmosphere that the Americans breathe.
The American Puritans were idealists, believing that the Church should be restored to the “Purity” and religion was a matter of primary importance. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin, total depravity and limited atonement. It has been a critical commonplace that the American literature—or Anglo-American literature—is based on a myth, that is, the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. Fired with such a sense of mission, the Puritans looked at even the worst of life in the face with a tremendous amount of optimism. All this went, in due time, into the making of American literature. The spirits of optimism burst out of the pages of so many American authors, such as, Emerson, Whitman, etc.
Furthermore, the American Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. Puritan doctrine and literary practice contributed greatly to the development of an indigenous symbolism. The ever symbolizing process became, in time, part of the intellectual tradition. To Hawthorne, Melville, Howells and many others, symbolism as a technique has become a common practice. This peculiar mode of perception was an essential part of their upbringing.
With regard to technique, simplicity characterizes the Puritan style of writing. The style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. All this has left an indelible imprint on American writing. Thus American Puritanism has been, by and large, a healthy legacy to the Americans.
第2章 爱德华兹•富兰克林•克里夫古尔
I. Fill in the blanks.
1．In his _____ Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from _____ to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.（天津外国语学院2008研）【答案】Autobiography, poor【解析】富兰克林在《自传》中讲述了其白手起家、自力更生的故事，平凡却生动的讲述表明他坚信通过努力就能实现美国梦。
2．If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____ represents the lower levels.【答案】Benjamin Franklin【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming Age) 中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
3．Before his death, _____ had gained a position as America’s first systematic philosopher.【答案】Jonathan Edwards【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹（1703-1758）是美国“大觉醒”（the “Great Awakening”）的领军人物，他生前赢得了“美国第一位系统的哲学家”称号。其著名作品是《意志自由》（Freedom of the Will）。
4．Jonathan Edwards’ work Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of _____ in the 19th century.【答案】Transcendentalism【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹的作品《神灵的形影》（Images or Shadows of Divine Things）对19世纪的超验主义对象征主义的运用产生了很大的影响。
5．Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his _____ and _____.【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac, Autobiography【解析】富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。
6．Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece _____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。该书以平易的文风叙述了富兰克林艰苦创业、自学成才、坚持不懈的奋斗历程。
7．Franklin was the epitome of the _____, the versatile, practical embodiment of national man in the 18th century.【答案】Enlightenment【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。
8．Eighteen-century America experienced an age of _____, of _____, and _____ like England and Europe.【答案】enlightenment, reason, order【解析】18世纪的美国处于启蒙、理想、秩序的时代。
9．Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and _____, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward Taylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特律和爱德华·泰勒。
II. Multiple Choice
1．The first symbol of self-made American man is _____.（北二外2009研）
A. George Washington
B. Washington Irving
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Benjamin Franklin【答案】D【解析】富兰克林是第一个自力更生、白手起家的美国人的标志。
2．At the Reason and Revolution Period. Americans were influenced by the European movement called the _____.
A. Charitist Movement
B. Romanticist Movement
C. Enlightenment Movement
D. Modernist Movement【答案】C【解析】欧洲的启蒙运动对美国理性和独立革命时期产生了深远影响。
3．In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _____ was the dominant spirit.
A. Humanism
B. Rationalism
C. Revolution
D. Evolution【答案】B【解析】启蒙运动通常是指在18世纪初至1789年法国大革命间的一个新思维不断涌现的时代，与理性主义等一起构成一个较长的文化运动时期，所以法国启蒙运动时期被称为“理性时代”。18世纪的美国同样受到启蒙思想而影响，因而理性主义是这个时期美国文学的主导思想。
4．Jonathan Edwards’ best and most representative sermon was _____.
A. A True Sight of Sin
B. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
C. A Model of Christian Charity
D. God’s Determinations【答案】B【解析】美国神学家乔纳森·爱德华兹最具代表性的布道是《愤怒的上帝手中之罪人》（Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God）。
5．The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of _____.
A. Thomas Hood
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. George Washington【答案】B【解析】作为美国财富和智慧的象征，美国人民把富兰克林的头像印在100美元纸钞的正面。200多年来，这位智者的思想一直被那些希望拥有美德并过上富足生活的人们所遵循和实践着。他的个人生活和职业生涯代表了美国启蒙运动中世俗化的理想。
6．From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous _____, an annual collection of proverbs.
A. The Autobiography
B. Poor Richard’s Almanac
C. Common Sense
D. The General Magazine【答案】B【解析】 《穷理查历书》（Poor Richard’s Almanac）它是由美国资本主义精神最完美的代表——本杰明·富兰克林所写。该出版物从1732年至1758年不断出现。它幽默、睿智、形式奇特，通篇贯彻着人类的智慧精华，书中的名言警句与人生箴言即使在现在看来也具有很积极的作用。
7．Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true?
A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.
B. He was a scientist.
C. He was a master of diplomacy.
D. He was not a Puritan.【答案】D【解析】本杰明·富兰克林有一连串的头衔——作家，发明家，出版商，科学家，外交家。他没有显赫的家世，没有富裕的生活，仅仅靠自己对宗教的虔诚，对教育的重视，生活的简朴，以及不屈的奋斗获得了在各个领域的成功，他是美国“清教主义”的杰出代表。所以选项D对本杰明·富兰克林的陈述显然是不对的。
8．Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the _____.
A. American Enlightenment
B. Sugar Act
C. Chartist movement
D. Romanticist【答案】A【解析】本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）(1706-1790)是18世纪美国最伟大的科学家和发明家，著名的政治家、外交家、哲学家、文学家和航海家以及美国独立战争的伟大领袖。他是美国启蒙运动的缩影。
III. Explain the following term.
1．the literary form of autobiography（北二外2008研）
Key: the literary form of autobiography: An autobiography is a person’s account of his or her life. It is generally written in the first person, with the author speaking as “I”. Autobiography presents life events as the writer views them, and offers insights into the beliefs and perceptions of the author. Representative writer: Benjamin Franklin and his work: The Autobiography.
IV. Read the following quotations and answer the questions.
Passage 1
It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping; and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method.
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion, bodily or mental, even to our avarice and ambition. I proposed to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annexed to each, than a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or
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