作者：新东方教育科技集团有限公司国内大学项目事业部
出版社：浙江教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
(2019)考研英语二考前预测5套题试读：
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）预测试卷一
考生注意事项
1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2.答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”“报考单位”“考生编号”等信息。
3.答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。
(1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
(2) 翻译部分的答案和作文必须用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内作答。字迹要清楚。
4.考试结束后，将答题卡一并装入试题袋中交回。
Section I Use of English
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
“Nobody really knows” was Donald Trump’s assessment of man-made global warming, in an interview on December 11th. As far as the 1 is concerned, that puts him 2 with most scientists who have studied the matter. 3 do know that the atmosphere is warming, and they also know by how much. 4 turn to the sea and Mr. Trump has a point. Though the oceans are warming too, climatologists readily 5 that they have only a rough 6 how much heat is going into them, and how much is already there.
Many 7 that the heat capacity of seawater explains the climate pause of recent years, in 8 the rate of atmospheric warming has slowed. But without 9 data, it is hard to be sure to what extent the oceans are acting 10 a heat sink that damps the temperature rise humanity is visiting upon the planet—and, equally important, how long they can keep that up.
This state of affairs will change, though, if a project 11 by Robert Tyler and Terence Sabaka to a meeting of the American Geophysical Union, 12 in San Francisco this week, is successful. Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka, 13 work at the Goddard Space Flight Centre, in Maryland, 14 that satellites can detect small changes in Earth’s magnetic field 15 by the movement of water. They also observe that the magnitude of such changes 16 the water’s temperature all the way down to the ocean floor. That, they think, opens a window into the oceans which has, until now, been 17 . To measure things in the deep sea almost always 18 placing instruments there—either by lowering them from a ship 19 by putting them on board submarine devices. The supply of oceanographic research vessels, though, is limited, and even the addition in recent years of several thousand “Argo” probes (floating robots that roam the oceans and are capable of diving to a depth of 2,000 metres) still leaves ocean temperatures severely 20 .
1.[A] atmosphere
[B] gas
[C] vapor
[D] steam
2.[A] at times
[B] at odds
[C] at ease
[D] at stake
3.[A] Those
[B] These
[C] They
[D] Them
4.[A] Nevertheless
[B] However
[C] Though
[D] But
5.[A] emit
[B] commit
[C] permit
[D] admit
6.[A] idiot
[B] idyl
[C] idea
[D] idol
7.[A] inspect
[B] suspect
[C] respect
[D] prospect
8.[A] which
[B] what
[C] when
[D] where
9.[A] decent
[B] dignified
[C digital
[D] digested
10.[A] such as
[B] as
[C] as if
[D] as well
11.[A] ascribed
[B] inscribed
[C] described
[D] prescribed
12.[A] to hold
[B] holds
[C] holding
[D] held
13.[A] who
[B] which
[C] what
[D] when
14.[A] conserve
[B] observe
[C] preserve
[D] reserve
15.[A] inserted
[B] inspired
[C] induced
[D] introduced
16.[A] centers on
[B] holds on
[C] dwells on
[D] depends on
17.[A] racking
[B] licking
[C] leaking
[D] lacking
18.[A] acquires
[B] enquires
[C] requires
[D] inquires
19.[A] either
[B] or
[C] neither
[D] nor
20.[A] under-sampled
[B] understood
[C] underestimated
[D] understated
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET . (40 points)Text 1
Teenagers and children are watching a third less traditional live TV than they were in 2010, as the shift to digital viewing and the rise of services such as Netflix and Amazon gathers pace.
The broadcasting regulator Ofcom said that there is a “widening gap” between the habits of younger and older viewers watching on traditional TV sets—demonstrated by alarm this week at reports that “Blue Peter”, once the staple programme of children’s teatime viewing, had achieved a “zero” audience rating with a recent broadcast.
Viewing of broadcast TV by children aged four to 15 and 16 to 24-year-olds fell 33%between 2010 and last year, and about 9% compared with 2015, according to Ofcom. It found children on average watched 101 minutes of traditional live TV a day last year, while 16 to 24-year-olds watched 114 minutes, far less than the average viewer, who watches 212 minutes a day—down 12% since 2010.
The Ofcom report charts the growing generational divide, with the amount of traditional TV watched rising with the age of the audience. The over-65s increased their viewing between 2010 and 2016 by 1 minute per day—the only group to do so. At 344 minutes viewing per day on average, pensioners clock up more than three times the amount of traditional TV viewing than children and younger viewers.
Ofcom’s report found watching on-demand TV on different devices—whether using a traditional broadcaster’s service such as BBC iPlayer or the ITV Player, or Netflix and Amazon—is increasingly popular, particularly among young people. It offered no firm figures, but estimated that viewers at a “pre-family stage” of life might be watching about 2.5 hours a day of on-demand TV—going some way to bridging the fall in traditional TV watching.
The BBC acknowledged the rapid change in viewing this week by announcing increased investment in children’s content, and more focus on online content. By 2019-20 its children’s budget will reach £124.4m, about a quarter of which spent on online content. The BBC intends to continue to back its existing children’s channels, CBBC and CBeebies. Last year the corporation scrapped the youth-focused BBC3 TV channel in favour of an online-only offering, saving £30m annually, citing the change in viewing habits.
Ofcom’s annual report into the state of the UK broadcasting also found dissatisfaction with what is on the box. Three in ten (29%) of those surveyed felt programme quality had worsened last year.
21.Which of the following would be the topic of the text?
[A] Elderly people showed no interest in traditional TV.
[B] Ofcom regulated TV programmes more strictly.
[C] Young people turned off by traditional TV.
[D] BBC provided various TV services to TV viewers.
22.The word “staple” (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to __________.
[A] stable and steady
[B] basic and important
[C] movable and changeable
[D] minor and unimportant
23.Which of the following is true about the fall in traditional TV watching?
[A] It results from people’s lack of money buying TVs.
[B] It grows out of less investment in TV programmes.
[C] It is caused by rigid regulation from British Ofcom.
[D] It is generated partly by the competition of online TV.
24.We may infer from the text that __________.
[A] kids and young people take to the digital TV readily
[B] elderly pensioners are used to watching online TV
[C] people at all ages are addicted to watching TV shows
[D] aged people lose their eyesight by watching TV
25.What does “what is on the box” in the last paragraph mean?
[A] What is shown in TV programmes.
[B] What is contained in the wooden case.
[C] The thing on the surface of the box.
[D] The situation around TV world.Text 2
According to the Commonwealth Fund, which regularly ranks the health systems of a handful of developed countries, the best countries for health care are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Australia.
The lowest performer? The United States, even though it spends the most. “And this is consistent across 20 years,” said the Commonwealth Fund’s president, David Blumenthal, on Friday at the Spotlight Health Festival, which is co-hosted by the Aspen Institute and The Atlantic.
Blumenthal laid out three reasons why the United States lags behind its peers so consistently. It all comes down to:
A lack of insurance coverage. A common talking point on the right is that health care and health insurance are not equivalent—that getting more people insured will not necessarily improve health outcomes. But according to Blumenthal: “The literature on insurance demonstrates that having insurance lowers mortality. It is equivalent to a publichealth intervention.” More than 27 million people in the United States were uninsured in 2016—nearly a tenth of the population—often because they can’t afford coverage, live in a state that didn’t expand Medicaid, or are undocumented. Those aren’t problems that people in places like the United Kingdom have to worry about.
Administrative inefficiency. “We waste a lot of money on administration,” Blumenthal said. According to the Commonwealth Fund’s most recent report, in the United States,“doctors and patients waste time on billing and insurance claims. Other countries that rely on private health insurers, like the Netherlands, minimize some of these problems by standardizing basic benefit packages, which can both reduce administrative burden for providers and ensure that patients face predictable copayments.” In other words, while insurance coverage in general is great, it’s not ideal that different insurance plans cover different treatments and procedures, forcing doctors to spend precious hours coordinating with insurance companies to provide care.
Underperforming primary care. “We have a very disorganized, fragmented, inefficient and under-resourced primary care system,” Blumenthal added. As I wrote at the time, in 2014 the Commonwealth Fund found that “many primary-care physicians struggle to receive relevant clinical information from specialists and hospitals, complicating efforts to provide seamless, coordinated care.” On top of a lack of investment in primary care, “we don’t invest in social services, which are important determinants of health,” Blumenthal said. Things like home visiting, better housing, and subsidized healthy food could extend the work of doctors and do a lot to improve chronic disease outcomes.
Together, these reasons help explain why U.S. life expectancy has, for the first time since the 1960s, recently gone down for two years in a row.
26.Which of the following countries is not ranked by the Commonwealth Fund?
[A] The United States.
[B] The United Kingdom.
[C] India.
[D] Australia.
27.Why is the American health-care system the worst?
[A] Because it is not supported by the American president.
[B] Because it has something to do with multiple factors.
[C] Because it has insufficien financia support for Medicaid.
[D] Because it is related to all American people.
28.According to Blumenthal, health insurance __________.
[A] is the same as health care
[B] helps to get Medicaid
[C] reduces public-health intervention
[D] brings down the death rate
29.The inefficienc of American health-care system administration has led to __________.
[A] decrease of the number of patients in hospitals
[B] waste of money from Commonwealth Fund
[C] loss of time on billing and insurance claims
[D] dissipation of doctor’s money, time and energy
30.Primary care is underperforming because __________.
[A] the primary care system is lacking order or arrangement
[B] specialists don’t provide the clinical information
[C] the primary care physicians can’t cooperate with each other
[D] chronic disease outcomes are decided by investmentText 3
It takes a long time for social movements to show up in conventional politics. The personal becomes political only with a time lag of decades. The increased toleration and the respect for the individual and the marginalised that appeared in western societies in the 60s and 70s did not make their political breakthrough until the earlier years of this century.This wasn’t an unmixed good. We tend to think of this rejection of outmoded convention as a wholly progressive development, but the loss of respect for authority has a shadow side as well. The belief that people should be free to believe what they like has led to the rise of fake news, and of infantile fantasies of the triumph of the will. These burst into electoral politics last year, nourishing both the Trump campaign and the Brexit referendum. But such thoughts had been incubating quietly for years inside the anti-vaccine movement.
To refuse to have your children vaccinated is an attack on society in much the same way as tax evasion is. If a refusal to vaccinate only endangered the children whose parents deliberately put them in harm’s way, it would still be wrong because parents do not have an unlimited right to be irresponsible. It can be argued that so long as very few people do it, there is very little irresponsibility in refusing to vaccinate a child against a risk that remains distant if everyone else acts for the good of society. Similar arguments are used to justify all sorts of fraud. But when children who might be vaccinated are not, their parents are both exploiting herd immunity and contributing to its breakdown. This is plainly wrong and should not be tolerated. The French government has just announced that children there must be vaccinated against 18 common childhood diseases. This follows the Italian decision to make vaccinations against 16 diseases a condition of entry to school at six. These measures may feel disturbing to society’s liberal instincts, but they are entirely justified as measures of collective solidarity against diseases.
The resistance to vaccination in the rich world is also an example of reproducing some of the habits and beliefs of traditional religions. This strand of resistance, though, comes from societies that reject modern medicine partly because they are excluded from most of its benefits by poverty. It is much easier to believe in miracles when no alternative cure is available.
31.Why does the author mention Trump campaign and the Brexit referendum?
[A] To show that it is hard to turn social movements into political campaigns.
[B] To prove that liberalism may exert influenc on anti-vaccine movement.
[C] To illustrate that Trump is good at faking political news.
[D] To demonstrate that British people are childishly imaginative.
32.Which of the following factors is not one reason for anti-vaccine movement in this text?
[A] Cultural values.
[B] Religious beliefs.
[C] Parents’ duties.
[D] Liberal thoughts.
33.We can infer from the text that __________.
[A] collective power hurts those who want to get vaccinated
[B] refusal to vaccinate one’s child is one’s own concern
[C] vaccination enforcement in accordance with government decision is necessary
[D] individual behavior in vaccination does fi social liberalism
34.According to the last paragraph, resistance to vaccination stems from __________.
[A] mysterious miracles
[B] economic conditions
[C] ethnic conventions
[D] geographic impacts
35.The author’s attitude toward vaccination is __________.
[A] indifferent
[B] suspicious
[C] disapproving
[D] supportiveText 4
Every generation has its own set of challenges when it comes to parenting. Clearly, today’s parents are faced with a whole new set of worries, thanks to technology. Not only are they tasked with learning about an endless stream of new devices and applications, they must be prepared to be the digital leaders of a world they know little about.
Online shaming is particularly damaging to young people. Depression and suicide rates in teens are rising and grades are dropping. What I can do as an adult is give my granddaughter the courage and strength to face online pressures, and provide her with knowledge so she won’t send sexual images, ever.
A common misconception is that cyberbullies are some sort of ugly monster, when in reality they can be any one of us. According to a Stanford University study, under the right circumstances, we all have the ability to become someone we don’t like online. The way to combat the trolls among us is through teaching and showing empathy. This is good news for parents and grandparents, because you don’t have to be digitally savvy to be empathetic.
Parenting expert Michele Borba, author of UnSelfie: Why Empathetic Kids Succeed in Our All-About-Me World, argues that a decrease in basic empathy has created a culture ripe for online attacks. Researchers at the University of Michigan crunched data that tracked years of incoming college freshmen empathy and found that it has declined by 40 percent in the last three decades—while narcissism has risen by 58 percent.
This inability to see those on the other side of the computer screen as people deserving of compassion is one of the huge drivers of online attacks. “Depersonalization is what’s happening,” says Borba. “In a lot of these cybershaming cases, the person is hundreds of miles away; you’ll never be face-to-face. It becomes an easy click.”
Parents and grandparents need to cultivate empathy in our children offline so when they are faced with difficult online decisions, they make the right ones. It can be as simple as deciding whether to share a questionable photo of your friend, or to forward a mean “meme”that someone believes is funny, or to make a snarky comment that would be inappropriate.These are all online choices, and having a bit of empathy helps kids make the right choice.
36.What can we infer from the firs paragraph?
[A] How to be a good parent is not very challenging.
[B] Technology brings great convenience for parenting.
[C] Parents should learn about online communication.
[D] Parents are not familiar with the digital world.
37.Which of the following is not one of the threats to young people according to Paragraph 2?
[A] Lack of power to acquire knowledge.
[B] Exposure to pornographic materials.
[C] Negative effects on mental health.
[D] Bad influenc on academic achievements.
38.Who will carry out cyberbullies in the author’s view?
[A] Treacherous monsters.
[B] Innocent adolescents.
[C] Empathetic parents.
[D] General public.
39.According to Michele Borba, online attacks grow out of __________.
[A] rising self-loving and self-admiring
[B] increasing depersonalization
[C] decreasing sharing of others’ feelings
[D] falling interest in taking selfi
40.The author worries about all of the following except __________.
[A] online shaming
[B] online shopping
[C] cyberbullies
[D] online attacksPart BDirections:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Pursue student discounts
B. Ask for a price match
C. Rent materials, buy used
D. Go bargain hunting
E. Purchase on holidays
F. Save when shopping online
G. Buy online, pick up in storeHigh grades for online back-to-school shopping
Shopping for school supplies, electronics and clothing can be a chore—and an expensive one at that.
Families with children in grades K-12 plan to spend an average of $687.72 on backto-school shopping, about $14 more than last year’s average of $673.57, according to the National Retail Federation. College students and their families plan to spend an average of$969.88, or about $82 more than last year’s $887.71 average.
Incentives such as discounts and free shipping make online shopping an attractive option.
“Retailers are trying to cater to everything that will make the consumer happy,” said Anna Serafi Smith, senior director of media relations at the NRF.
Here’s a lesson on saving when back-to-school shopping online:
41._________________________________
You wouldn’t want to buy a pack of notebooks only to spot the same item elsewhere for half the cost. Fend off buyer’s remorse by shopping around before you click the “order”button. Google Shopping can help you compare the costs of items on your list between retailers or find coupons with a browser extension such as Honey. Remember to factor shipping costs into the comparison.
42._________________________________
If you find separate retailers selling an identical item at different prices, or if there’s a discrepancy between the same retailer’s prices in store and online, ask the site with the higher price for a reduction. Retailers with price-matching policies—including Target, Best Buy and Newegg—will honor a competitor’s lower advertised price or reimburse you the difference on eligible items if you can provide proof of the amount within a specific time frame. At Staples, you’ll get the lower price plus 10% of the difference. Call the retailer’s customer service number for help price-matching your online order.
43.________________________________
Students—and sometimes parents, faculty and staff—can save or score freebies by shopping on sites with student discounts or promotions. For example, Apple is discounting select Macs by up to $300 and the iPad Pro by up to $20, plus throwing in wireless Beats headphones for free with eligible purchases through Sept. 25. Check other retailers or student discount networks such as Unidays for deals on electronics, supplies, clothing and more.
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