作者：戴家琪
出版社：中国纺织出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
词博士的私教课：英语动词词组速记420试读：
前言
亲爱的读者朋友，你们好！我是本书的作者“词博士”。
初次见面，先正其名。之所以自称“词博士”，其实理由不难解释——在攻读博士学位期间，我的主攻方向即英语教学，我的学术兴趣即词汇习得。而随后形成的博士论文，亦是紧密围绕“词汇”这一主题展开。因此，把“词博士”三个字郑重写入书名，全不为哗众取宠，仅仅是希望凸显本书作为英语词汇学习手册的专业性。
也许你会问，市面上的同类作品多如过江之鲫，编写本书的意义又该安放何处？
五年前，本人有幸接受《上海日报》（Shanghai Daily）的人物专访。当被问及从事外语教育事业的初衷，我说，除了出身教育世家，更重要的从教动机是希冀扮演好一个“传教士”的角色（a missionary to fulfill his mission）。多少次我在课堂上对学生坦言，“为了你们，也仅仅是为了你们，我才甘愿抛却身后那满目繁华。”具体来说，就是要尽一己绵薄之力，令自身所接触到的英语学习者们日子好过一些。此话何解？因为对于中国动辄数亿的英语学习者，多数人的日子绝称不上“好过”。此时此刻，我仿佛看到作为读者的你，掩卷之余黯然神伤。不过别怕，此书正是应运而生、为你而来！佛家所谓的“布施”，不外“财布施”“法布施”和“无畏布施”三种。首先，本书力求讲授学习英语词汇的正道，这属于“法布施”属性。其次，有了本书提供的理论自信和专业保障，你在习得词汇的漫长征程中不再犹豫彷徨，这属于“无畏布施”属性。至于“财布施”则更好理解，学好了英语，自己在用人市场上的竞争力与日俱增，收入也随之水涨船高。作者著书的初心，可谓全在“布施”二字。
我在大学任教，已接近十个年头。过去的日日夜夜，总有一个问题萦绕心间：该如何破解国人学习英语“费时低效”的魔咒？说出来可能不信，以雅思考试为例，中国人就考试人数而言世界第一，分项成绩（尤其是口语）则属末流。多年苦思，一朝顿悟。要解决语言学习中后期普遍存在的“瓶颈效应”，我认为理应以词汇为抓手，步步为营、翻身取胜。理由何在呢？进入大学以后，对于业已成年的大学生而言，其语音和语法已基本处于“浓到化不开”的固著阶段。而构成语言的三大基石之中，仅剩词汇仍保留着较高的流动性。而流动性的近义词，正是可塑性！这也可以解释，为何四六级考生几乎人手一本词汇手册，而语音书和语法书在考前却少人问津。有鉴于此，我从莫衷一是的学术争论中抽身而出，立此文字提出以下观点：在中国语境之下，到了英语学习的中后期（特别是大学阶段），如果想一改“乏力”为“发力”，英语学习就应转以词汇为中心，语音、语法其他两项则纷纷向词汇看齐。此番论断，绝非空穴来风。学术界将这种外语学习的路子称作Lexical Approach，即要求学习者以词汇习得为内核，“众星拱月”般地开展各类基于词汇的语言技能训练。
谈完词汇之于外语学习的重要性，再把目光聚焦到本书的“领衔主演”——动词词组（英语可称phrasal verbs或verbal phrases）。信不信由你，从我的专业角度看，动词词组堪称英语词汇界的不二贵族。只可惜，这批生来就流淌着紫色血液的名门贵胄到了中国水土不服，不太受广大英语学习者的待见。
那么，动词词组到底又有多重要？根据某项中美大学生英语写作的实验对比，一个有趣的发现浮出水面，即较之中国大学生，以英语为母语的受试者更倾向于使用动词词组。也就是说，中国学生笔下的英语可谓书卷气有余而地道性不足（more bookish than idiomatic）。因此我们不妨大胆假设：有意识地强化使用动词词组，将有效提升有志于学好英语人士的语言输出品质。
本书精心设置了为期三周共21天的动词词组强化训练，每天的学习强度以20组计。一一叠加后，整本书涵盖的动词词组总数多达420组。所以，请允许作为笔者的我于此植入一段微型广告：给我三周时间，还你今非昔比！让我们一起想象以下这段无比美好的场景：当你的竞争对手所掌握的动词词组仍在个位或十位徘徊，你却已在数量上远远赶超他们，只留下一个渐行渐远的胜利者背影，伴随着落日余晖消逝在地平线尽头……顺便告诉大家，本书涉及的动词词组以基础常用为主，可以理解为中阶版，随后计划推出的姊妹篇同样收录420组动词词组，只不过难度有了明显的提升，不妨理解为高阶版，还敬请诸位期待。
我始终认为，文字是既有态度又有温度的。衷心希望这本谈不上皇皇巨著的小书，能带给你学习道路上的些许感悟。若能如此，善莫大焉。
诸位，最后请和我一道相信：多年以后，矢志不渝的坚持会转身给我们一个最热烈的拥抱。
谨以此书，献给我挚爱的女儿Ruby。戴家琪博士2018年7月
如何有效使用本书
本书收录动词词组共计420组，以“三用主义”作为收录标准，即常用、实用、通用。学习任务化整为零分三周完成。在21天的强化训练中，日均学习强度为20组。
现对本书所采用的“3R英语词汇科学记忆法”做如下说明：
第一步，语境初识（Reading）
可以说，毫无保留的信息铺陈是传统词汇学习手册的通病，但这绝不利于将工作记忆（working memory）转存为长效记忆（long-term memory）！因此本书科学创新，强调将“语境化的信息差”作为更科学的词汇呈现方式。具体来看，每一组动词词组先配有英语释义。本书选用的释义法“师出名门”，系柯林斯系列词典所首创，通过一个完整的句子在语境中立体诠释语义即“语境化”。而对“信息差”的处理则更为直接，即在第一步刻意删去汉语释义，要求学习者在全无辅助之下仅从单语语境提取帮助理解的有效信息。接下来趁热打铁，学习者将通过解读精当的双语例句以加深其印象。
第二步，即时回忆（Recalling）
20组动词词组随机生成乱序，要求学习者在第一步基础之上，快速回忆并生成该词组的汉语释义。需要说明的是，由于动词词组往往存在“一词多义”现象，因此第二步书写的释义项应与第一步的呈现内容在数量上保持一致。
第三步，语境复现（Recycling）
20组真实语境下的句子填词要求学习者按1～20的序号将动词词组正确填入空格。本练习难度最大，要求最高。如能正确完成16组以上，就可以顺利结束当日的学习任务。
Day 1，Week 1
STEP ONE Reading
❶account for
I If a particular thing accounts for a part or proportion of something, that part or proportion consists of that thing, or is used or produced by it.
例 Computers account for 5%of the country's commercial electricity consumption.
电脑用电占了这个国家商业用电的5%。
II If you can account for something, you can explain it or give the necessary information about it.
例 How do you account for the company's alarmingly high staff turnover?
你怎么解释这家公司高得惊人的人员流动率？
❷accuse of
If you accuse someone of doing something wrong or dishonest, you say or tell them that you believe that they did it.
例 My mom was really upset because one neighbor was accusing her of dishonesty.
我妈妈真的很难过，因为有邻居指责她为人不诚实。
❸act as
If someone or something acts as a particular thing, they have that role or function.
例 Among his other duties, he acted both as the ship's surgeon and as chaplain for the men.
另外，他兼任船上的外科医生以及船员们的牧师。
❹adapt to
If you adapt to a new situation, you change your ideas or behaviour in order to deal with it successfully.
例 The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
这个世界将会不同，所以我们必须准备好适应变化。
❺add to
If you add one thing to another, you put it in or on the other thing, to increase, complete, or improve it.
例 To make it taste better, please add the grated cheese to the sauce.
为了提味，请把磨碎的奶酪加进那种酱中。
❻adjust to
When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behaviour or your ideas.
例 I felt I had adjusted to the idea of being a mother very well.
我感到我已经很好地适应了身为人母的想法。
❼agree on
If people agree on something, they all decide to accept or do something.
例 The warring sides have agreed on an unconditional ceasefire.
交战各方已经对无条件停火达成了一致意见。
❽agree to
If you agree to do something, you say that you will do it. If you agree to a proposal, you accept it.
例 He agreed to pay me properly for the drawings.
她答应为这些画付给我恰当的费用。
❾agree with
I If people agree with each other about something, they have the same opinion about it or say that they have the same opinion.
例 I agree with you that the open system is by far the best.
我同意你的观点，开放的系统是目前最好的。
II If one account of an event or one set of figures agrees with another, the two accounts or sets of figures are the same or are consistent with each other.
例 His second statement agrees with facts as stated by the other witnesses.
他的第二项陈述和其他证人所陈述的事实一致。
❿aim for/to
If you aim for something or aim to do something, you plan or hope to achieve it.
例 The programme aims to educate and prepare students for a challenging career.
这个项目旨在教育学生使其为一个具有挑战性的职业做好准备。
⑪apologize to
When you apologize to someone, you say that you are sorry that you have hurt them or caused trouble for them.
例 He apologized to all the people that had been affected.
他向所有受到影响的人道了歉。
⑫apply for
If you apply for something such as a job or membership of an organization, you write a letter or fill out a form in order to ask formally for it.
例 They may apply for the membership of the organization at a proper time.
他们可能在适当的时间申请该组织的成员资格。
⑬approve of
If you approve of an action, event, or suggestion, you like it or are pleased about it.
例 Not everyone in China approves of Western festivals like Christmas.
不是每个中国人都喜欢圣诞节之类的洋节日。
⑭argue with/about
If you argue with someone about something, you discuss it with them, with each of you giving your different opinions.
例 He was arguing with the king about the need to maintain the cavalry.
他在和国王讨论保留骑兵兵力的必要性。
⑮argue for/against
If you argue for something, you say why you agree with it, in order to persuade people that it is right. If you argue against something, you say why you disagree with it, in order to persuade people that it is wrong.
例 The report argues against tax increases by citing figures.
该报告陈述数据理由以反对增税。
⑯arise from
If something arises from a particular situation, or arises out of it, it is created or caused by the situation.
例 Problems within a team often arise from a lack of timely communication.
团队中出现的问题通常是因为缺乏及时的沟通。
⑰arm with
I If you arm someone with a weapon, you provide them with a weapon.
例 The police are anxious to apprehend a middle-aged man believed to be armed with a gun.
警察急于逮捕一名确信携有枪支的中年人。
II If you arm someone with something that will be useful in a particular situation, you provide them with it.
例 If she armed herself with all the knowledge she could gather, she could handle anything.
如果能够掌握所搜集到的全部知识，她就可以处理任何事。
⑱arrive at
I When a person or vehicle arrives at a place, they come to it from somewhere else.
例 A small group of commuters was waiting for their train to arrive at the stop.
几个通勤上班族等候着火车到站。
II When you arrive at something such as a decision, you decide something after thinking about it or discussing it.
例 The jury cannot arrive at a unanimous decision at long last.
陪审团最终仍不能达成一致判决。
⑲ask for
I If you ask for something, you say that you would like it.
例 I decided to go to the next house and ask for food.
我决定到隔壁房子去要点吃的。
II If you ask for someone, you say that you would like to speak to them.
例 Sir, there's a man at the gate asking for you.
先生，大门口有个男人要求见你。
⑳assist in
If something assists in doing a task, it makes the task easier to do.
例 Our sales representatives can assist you in selecting suitable investments.
我们的销售代表在选择合适的投资方面能帮到您。STEP TWO Recalling
动词词组 汉语释义
A. arrive at _____________________
B. agree with _____________________
C. aim for/to _____________________
D. account for _____________________
E. accuse of _____________________
F. assist in _____________________
G. argue for/against _____________________
H. argue with/about _____________________
I. adjust to _____________________
J. approve of _____________________
K. apologize to _____________________
L. agree on _____________________
M. ask for _____________________
N. arm with _____________________
O. add to _____________________
P. agree to _____________________
Q. adapt to _____________________
R. apply for _____________________
S. arise from _____________________
T. act as _____________________STEP THREE Recycling
___A. I'm trying to________them for any inconvenience caused by my mistake.
___B. Once you have agreed to the initial request, she would begin to________more.
___C. Before I go shopping, do you have anything to________the list?
___D. Right before swimming, first let your body________the water temperature.
___E. I myself________you, but I can't speak for my boss.
___F. What theories might________this strange phenomenon?
___G. Nobody can________the need for improved quality in software development.
___H. How do you________that, especially with the lack of resources there?
___I. I certainly don't want to________them having bad intentions.
___J. Alcoholic drinks may________a poison to a child.
___K. Society should________the consensus that wealth is not the hallmark of social status.
___L. You and your spouse do not necessarily have to________politics.
___M. Some emissions are outside our control, as they________energy use.
___N. What qualifications should I have to________this major?
___O. I fully________the arrangement and take delight in it.
___P. She'd been so terrified that she had to________herself________a loaded rifle.
___Q. In our attempt to perfect reality, we________higher standards.
___R. Answering the following questions will________finding a better solution.
___S. Not only your father but also I don't________your plan to travel alone.
___T. As long as fast food exists, we will endlessly________its harm to our health.Day 2，Week 1
STEP ONE Reading
❶associate with
I If you associate someone or something with another thing, the two are connected in your mind.
例 Through science we've got the idea of associating progress with the future.
通过科学我们已有了将进步与未来联系起来的观念。
II If you say that someone is associating with another person or group of people, you mean they are spending a lot of time in the company of people you do not approve of.
例 What would they think if they knew their son was associating with a murderer?
如果他们得知自己的儿子正与一个杀人犯厮混在一起，他们会怎么想？
❷attach to
I If you attach something to an object, you join it or fasten it to the object.
例 We attach labels to things before we file them away.
我们在把东西归档前先给它们贴上标签。
II In computing, if you attach a file to a message that you send to someone, you send it with the message but separate from it.
例 It is possible to attach executable program files to e-mail.
可以在电子邮件上附上可执行程序文件。
❸back up
I If you back up a computer file, you make a copy of it that you can use if the original file is damaged or lost.
例 Make a point of backing up your files at regular intervals.
要特别注意定期备份你的文档。
II If you back someone up, you show your support for them.
例 His former employer backed him up in times of need.
他的老雇主在危急关头支持了他。
❹bargain with
When people bargain with each other, they discuss what each of them will do, pay, or receive.
例 They prefer to bargain with individual clients for cash.
他们更愿意同个人客户洽谈做现金交易。
❺base on
If you base one thing on another thing, the first thing develops from the second thing.
例 He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners.
他根据俘虏提供的证据得出了自己的结论。
❻battle with/against
To battle with or against an opposing group means to take part in a fight or contest against them.
例 Dozens of people battled with the gangsters and several were reportedly wounded.
数十人同歹徒展开搏斗，据报道有几人受伤。
❼beat on/at/against
To beat on, at, or against something means to hit it hard, usually several times or continuously for a period of time.
例 There was dead silence but for a fly beating against the glass.
若没有一只苍蝇在扑打着玻璃，便是一片死寂。
❽beg to
If you beg someone to do something, you ask them very anxiously or eagerly to do it.
例 I begged him to come back to New York with me.
我恳求他和我一起回纽约。
❾begin with/by
I If you begin with something, or begin by doing something, this is the first thing you do.
例 He was a businessman who began by selling golf shirts.
他是一个从销售高尔夫衬衫起家的商人。
II If a word begins with a particular letter, that is the first letter of that word.
例 The first word in the following line begins with an F.
下一行的首个单词以字母F开头。
❿believe in
I If you believe in fairies, ghosts, or miracles, you are sure that they exist or happen. If you believe in a god, you are sure of the existence of that god.
例 I don't believe in ghosts and other supernatural phenomena.
我不相信有鬼和其他超自然现象的存在。
II If you believe in a way of life or an idea, you are in ；favour of it because you think it is good or right.
例 He unreservedly believed in marital fidelity.
他无保留地赞成对婚姻忠实。
III If you believe in someone or what they are doing, you have confidence in them and think that they will be successful.
例 If you believe in yourself you can succeed.
对自己有信心，你就能成功。
⑪belong to
If something belongs to you, you own it.
例 The house had belonged to her family for three or four generations.
这座房子属于她家已有三四代了。
⑫beneft from
If you benefit from something, it helps you or improves your life.
例 Both sides have benefited from the long-expected talks.
双方都从这次期待已久的会谈中获益。
⑬bet on
If you bet on the result of a horse race, football game, or other event, you give someone a sum of money which they give you back with extra money if the result is what you predicted, or which they keep if it is not.
例 Jockeys are forbidden to bet on the outcome of races.
职业赛马骑师们被禁止对比赛结果下注。
⑭blame for/on
If you blame a person or thing for something bad, or if you blame something bad on somebody, you believe or say that they are responsible for it or that they caused ；it.
例 The commission is expected to blame the army for many of the atrocities.
该委员会预计会将大量暴行归咎于军队。
⑮blow up
I If someone blows something up or if it blows up, it is destroyed by an explosion.
例 He was jailed for 45 years for trying to blow up a plane.
他因图谋炸飞机而被监禁了45年。
II If you blow up something such as a balloon or a tyre, you fill it with air.
例 Other than blowing up a tyre I hadn't done any car maintenance.
除了给一个轮胎充气外，我没有做过任何汽车保养。
III If a wind or a storm blows up, the weather becomes very windy or stormy.
例 A storm blew up over the mountains in the late afternoon.
傍晚时分，山上狂风大作。
⑯boast about
If someone boasts about something that they have done or that they own, they talk about it very proudly, in a way that other people may find irritating or offensive.
例 Carol boasted about her costume that was custom-made in Paris.
卡萝尔吹嘘着她从巴黎定制的戏装。
⑰borrow from
If you borrow something from someone else, you take it or use it for a period of time, usually with their permission.
例 Can I borrow a pen from someone sitting beside me?
我可以向领座的人借支笔吗？
⑱break down
I If a machine or a vehicle breaks down, it stops working.
例 Their car broke down halfway for some inexplicable reason.
他们的车在中途不知何故抛锚了。
II If a discussion, relationship, or system breaks down, it fails because of a problem or disagreement.
例 Talks with major business leaders broke down last night.
与商界主要领导人的谈判于昨晚失败了。
III To break down something such as an idea or statement means to separate it into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with.
例 The report breaks down the results region by region.
该报告将结果按地区一一分类。
IV When a substance breaks down or when something breaks it down, a biological or chemical process causes it to separate into the substances which make it up.
例 Over time, the protein in the eggshell breaks down into amino acids.
随着时间的推移，蛋壳中的蛋白质分解成氨基酸。
V If someone breaks down, they lose control of themselves and start crying.
例 Because he was being so kind and concerned, I broke down and cried.
因为他过去对我是那般友善关心，我失控哭了起来。
⑲break in（to）
I If someone, usually a thief, breaks in or breaks into a building, they get into it by force.
例 Masked robbers broke in and made off with$8，000.
蒙面盗贼们破门而入偷走了8000美元。
II If you break in on someone's conversation or activity, you interrupt them.
例 Mrs.Southern listened keenly, occasionally breaking in with pertinent questions.
萨瑟恩夫人兴致勃勃地听着，偶尔插入一些相关的问题。
⑳break out
I If something such as war, fighting, or disease breaks out, it begins suddenly.
例 He was at the tender age of 13 when war broke out.
战争爆发时，他才只有13岁。
II If a prisoner breaks out of a prison, he escapes from it.
例 The two men broke out of their cells and cut through a perimeter fence.
那两个男人逃出牢房并穿过了一道围墙。
STEP TWO Recalling
动词词组 汉语释义
A. associate with _____________________
B. attach to _____________________
C. beg to _____________________
D. bet on _____________________
E. blow up _____________________
F. borrow from _____________________
G. belong to _____________________
H. base on _____________________
I. boast about _____________________
J. beat on/at/against _____________________
K. battle with/against _____________________
L. back up _____________________
M. break out _____________________
N. begin with/by _____________________
O. break down _____________________
P. benefit from _____________________
Q. believe in _____________________
R. blame for/on _____________________
S. bargain with _____________________
T. break in（to） _____________________
STEP THREE Recycling
___A. At first he got lots of protest calls, including threats to________his store.
___B. Families can also________support groups offered by these organizations.
___C. Firefighters are going to________the two blazes.
___D. He decided to________his career________selling roadside hamburgers.
___E. I________$20________a horse called Premonition.
___F. I fear some pandemic disease may________in a heavily polluted area.
___G. If you happily________a group, you may say your life is better for its membership.
___H. It's her usual habit to________with some ideas of her own.
___I. Many people only________Christmas________the giving and receiving of presents.
___J. Ms.Carey appeared to________her nervous breakdown________the work schedule.
___K. Nina managed to free herself and began to________the flames with a pillow.
___L. Nowadays, you can________files, sounds, and images________any e-mail you send.
___M. People often________how many"friends"they may have in their online network.
___N. The playwright used to________the essence of plot________Shakespeare.
___O. The whole plan seems to________itself merely________his own ideas.
___P. To me, protesting is standing up for what you________.
___Q. We are not going to________him________help us anymore.
___R. We refuse to________any other nation over sovereignty.
___S. Whatever you say, he can find 10 different reasons to________his viewpoint.
___T. You should________your methods so that each method does a particular work.
Day 3，Week 1
STEP ONE Reading
❶break through
I If you break through a barrier, you succeed in forcing your way through it.
例 Protesters tried to break through a police cordon.
抗议者们试图冲破警察的封锁线。
II If you break through, you achieve success even though there are difficulties and obstacles.
例 There is still scope for new writers to break through, so to speak.
可以说，新进作家们还有取得成功的空间。
❷break up
I When something breaks up or when you break it up, it separates or is divided into several smaller parts.
例 For all Americans, civil war could come if the country broke up.
对于全体美国人而言，如果国家分裂，内战就会来临。
II If you break up with your boyfriend, girlfriend, husband, or wife, your relationship with that person ends.
例 My girlfriend just broke up with me for no obvious reason.
我的女友不知何故与我分手了。
III If a marriage or romantic relationship breaks up or if someone breaks it up, it ends and the partners separate.
例 His first marriage broke up due to unemployment.
他的第一次婚姻由于失业问题而破裂。
❸bring about
To bring something about means to cause it to happen.
例 The only way they can bring about reforms is by putting pressure on the country.
他们唯一能引起变革的办法就是向该国施加压力。
❹bring up
I When someone brings up a child, they look after it until it is an adult. If someone has been brought up in a certain place or with certain attitudes, they grew up in that place or were taught those attitudes when they were growing up.
例 She brought up four children all by herself.
她凭一己之力养育了四个孩子。
II If you bring up a particular subject, you introduce it into a discussion or conversation.
例 He brought up a subject rarely raised during the course of this campaign.
他提出了一个在该运动进程中很少被提及的话题。
❺build on
If you build an organization, system, or product on something, you base it on it.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]