作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (2’*10＝20’)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.When Your Child Hates School
With just a few minutes left before school was to start, my six-year-old, Dustin, was unhappy. “I don’t want to go,” he said. Ever since he’d entered first grade, he hated school. What’s going on? I thought as he trudged (沉重吃力地走) out the door. If he hates school this much now, how bad will it be later on?
Every kid occasionally grumbles about school. But five to ten percent of kids dislike it so much that they don’t want to attend, says Christopher Kearney, director of the Child School Refusal and Anxiety Disorders Clinic at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
If a child seems depressed or anxious about school, fakes illness to stay home, repeatedly winds up in the nurse’s or principal’s office, or refuses to talk about large chunks of the school day, you should be concerned, say school psychologists Michael Martin and Cynthia Waltman Greenwood, co-editors of Solve Your Child’s School-Related Problems.
Fortunately, you can usually solve the problem—sometimes very easily. In our case, my husband and I visited Dustin’s class and noticed that the teacher, fresh out of college, called only on kids who scrambled to sit right under her nose. Dustin, who generally sat near the back, was ignored. We simply told him to move up front. He did, and his enthusiasm returned.
Here are some of the most common reasons that kids hate school and strategies to put them back:
Anxiety
One fear that keeps children from enjoying school is separation anxiety. It most frequently occurs during times of family stress or when a child is about to enter a new school.
Unfortunately, parents can feed a child’s anxieties by the way they respond. With younger kids, watch how you say good-bye those first few days of school. A firm “Have a great day, and I’ll pick you up at 2:30!” is more confidence-inspiring than “Don’t worry; I can be there in ten minutes if you need me.”
Thomas Ollendick, head of an anxiety-disorders clinic for children and adolescents at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, treated one boy who was anxious about entering middle school. He worried about everything from getting lost in the new school to getting beaten up. His mother took time off from work so she could stay home to “be there” for him “unconsciously sending the message theft something dreadful might indeed happen,” Ollendick recalls.
Once the mother realized she was contributing to the problem, she began fostering her son’s independence by taking him to the school so he could learn his way around and meet his homeroom teacher. His fears diminished, and now he’s a well-adjusted student.
You can help your child handle fearful situations—from speaking up in class to taking tests—by rehearsing at home. to help make large projects less daunting (使人畏缩的) by breaking them into manageable pieces. Teach your child to replace thoughts such as “I’m going to fail.” with “I can handle this.”
Loneliness
Some kids dislike school because they have no friends. This may be the case if your child is always alone, or gives away treasured possessions in an attempt to be liked.
Often loneliness problems can be solved by social skills. “A child may need to learn how to look others in the eye when he speaks, or how to talk above a whisper or below a yell,” Ollendick says. You might teach a young child a few “friendship openers,” such as “My name’s Tom. What’s yours? Do you want to play tag?”“A lot of kids who are very lonely have never been told anything good about themselves,” says Miami teacher Matty Rodriguez Walling. “If a lonely kid is skilled in some area—computers, for example—I’ll often have other students work with him. That does a lot for self-esteem and helps the lonely child make friends.”
Bullies
Students sometimes hate school because they are afraid to attend. If your child seems quiet and anxious, or suddenly shows a drop in self-esteem, he may be a victim of a bully.
The common advice for this problem teach your child to be assertive (过分自信的)—isn’t always enough. “Even when kids are assertive, the bully often beats them up,” Ollendick says. He recommends instead that elementary-school children tell a teacher. In middle school and above, kids should stick with friends and avoid places where the bully hangs out.
If you have to step in, go to the principal, not the bully’s parents. To avoid embarrassing your child, be subtle. When Dustin was in kindergarten, two older boys began picking on him at the bus stop. My husband proposed a simple solution: move the bus stop closer to our building so we could keep an eye on the boys. The principal agreed, and the bullying stopped.
Trouble Learning
Some children’s complaints for school spring from their physical problems. For them, “hating school is really frustration at being a step behind, no matter how hard they try,” says psychologist Harvey Mandel.
One Colorado third-grader was still unable to read despite being tutored. When told to do his homework, he’d complain that his eyes cannot see clearly and his head hurt. Optometrist (验光师) Lynn Fishman Hellerstein found that although the boy had 20/20 vision, he was having trouble focusing his eyes. “With glasses and vision therapy, he became an eager learner,” Hellerstein says.
Vision problems are surprisingly common, so parents need to be sensitive to signs of trouble. While reading, does your child cover an eye, tilt her head or lose her place? Does she hold books closer than the distance from her elbow to her knuckles (关节). Does she complain of itchy eyes, headaches after detailed work? If so, get her a complete vision exam that includes evaluations of eye-movement control, focusing, depth perception and other skills.
Some reluctant students may not hear the teacher. Schedule an appointment with an audiologist if your child has trouble learning letter sounds (particularly short vowels, such as “u” and “o”); confuses similar sounding words (such as “on” and “in,” or “to” and “through”); or asks questions that have already been answered.
Kids with learning disabilities often get frustrated, fail to finish assignments or appear to ignore the teacher. They may be unable to remember simple facts, such as their phone number, the alphabet or details of a story they’ve just heard. If you suspect your child has a learning disability, ask the teachers about having an evaluation by the school psychologist, Martin and Waltman Greenwood suggest.
Poor Relationship With a Teacher
What if your child constantly complains that a teacher is “unfair”? Sometimes the solution is simple. “Having the teacher and child sit down for lunch together can often improve the relationship,” observes Carole Kennedy, former president of the National Association of Elementary School Principals.
Other times, more drastic action is needed. Shortly after entering second grade, our daughter Erin began coming home depressed. Her new teacher was very strict. Once, she scolded a child to the point of tears when he misread a word aloud. Erin was convinced she would be next.
My husband and I made a list of incidents Erin had described and spoke to the teacher. When she confirmed her actions, we immediately asked the principal to move Erin to another class. Soon Erin had a new teacher and a new outlook on school.
Remember, kids know how to play a parent against a teacher. So if your child tells you a horror story about school, don’t automatically assume you’re getting the whole truth. Talk with the teacher, principal. Once you identify why your child hates school, you can almost always find a solution.
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A) Every kid may complain about school now and then.
B) You needn’t be too anxious if the child just fakes illness to stay at home.
C) Only a small percentage of kids are unwilling to go to school.
D) If a child seems depressed about school, you can usually solve the problem.
2. Dustin’s teacher did not pay any attention to him, because
A) Dustin sat near the back
B) the teacher does not like Dustin
C) Dustin is too shy
D) Dustin sat right under her nose
3. Parents’ inappropriate to a child’s worry can aggravate his or her anxieties.
A) ignorance
B) blame
C) affirmation
D) response
4. Which of the following methods may NOT help the children handle fearful situations?
A) Rehearse the similar situation at home.
B) Help make large projects less daunting by breaking them into manageable pieces.
C) Just tell the children to escape the situations which make them feel terrible.
D) Teach the children to replace thoughts such as “I'm going to fail” with “I can handle this”.
5. The problem of loneliness for kids with no friends
A) can be solved by social skills
B) cannot be solved
C) has nothing serious
D) can disappear gradually as the kids grow up
6. Which of the following CANNOT indicate that your child may be a victim of bully?
A) The child is afraid to attend school.
B) The child seems quiet and anxious.
C) The child suddenly shows a drop in self-esteem.
D) The child seems to be very optimistic.
7. Elementary-school children who suffered from a bully are advised to tell
A) the bully’s parents
B) the teacher
C) the principle
D) the other kids
8. The complaints from some children who have difficulties in learning are caused by _____.
9. A child with _____ often feels disappointed and is unable to finish assignment and pays no attention to teachers.
10. If the reason why a child hates school is found, _____ can always be found.【答案与解析】
1. B 根据第二段第一句“Every kid occasionally grumbles about school.”可知，每个孩子偶尔都会为抱怨学校，A 选项正确。根据第二段第二句“But five to ten percent of kids dislike it so much that they don’t want to attend…”可知，只有5%-10%的孩子不愿意去上学，C选项正确。根据第四段第一句“Fortunately, you can usually solve the problem—sometimes very easily.”可知，家长们在大部分时候都能解决问题，D选项正确。根据第三段“If a child seems depressed or anxious about school, fakes illness to stay home…you should be concerned…”可知，当孩子装病在家不去上学时，家长们应当引起重视，B选项错误，因此答案选B。
2. A 根据第四段第二、三句“…the teacher, fresh out of college, called only on kids who scrambled to sit right under her nose. Dustin, who generally sat near the back, was ignored.”可知，Dustin的老师会给予坐在她跟前的孩子们多加注意，而Dustin坐在教室后排，所以老师没有注意到他，因此答案选A。
3. D 根据Anxiety部分第二段第一句“Unfortunately, parents can feed a child’s anxieties by the way they respond.”可知，家长们错误的回应方式会增加孩子们的焦虑，因此答案选D。
4. C 根据Anxiety部分最后一段“You can help your child handle fearful situations—from speaking up in class to taking tests—by rehearsing at home to help make large projects less daunting by breaking them into manageable pieces. Teach your child to replace thoughts such as ‘I’m going to fail’ with ‘I can handle this’”可知，在家中预演、拆分大任务为可行的小任务、鼓励孩子们转换思想认为自己“能做到”都能够帮助孩子们克服困难，因此A、B、D正确，答案选C。
5. A 根据Loneliness部分第二段第一句“Often loneliness problems can be solved by social skills.”可知，没有朋友的孩子可以通过社交技巧来结识朋友摆脱孤独。
6. D 根据Bullies部分第一段“Students sometimes hate school because they are afraid to attend. If your child seems quiet and anxious, or suddenly shows a drop in self-esteem, he may be a victim of a bully.”可知，如果孩子们害怕上学、变得安静焦虑或突然自尊心下降，都有可能是被欺负的表现。因此答案选D。
7. B 根据Bullies部分第二段倒数第二句“He recommends instead that elementary-school children tell a teacher.”可知，孩子们受到欺负应当报告给老师，因此答案选B。
8. physical problems
(根据Trouble Learning部分第一段第一句“Some children’s complaints for school spring from their physical problems.”可知，一些孩子因为身体原因抱怨学校。)
9. learning disabilities
(根据Trouble Learning部分第五段第一句“Kids with learning disabilities often get frustrated, fail to finish assignments or appear to ignore the teacher.”可知，有学习障碍的孩子难以完成作业和认真听讲。)
10. solutions
(根据最后一段最后一句“Once you identify why your child hates school, you can almost always find a solution.”可知，当家长找到孩子讨厌学校的原因之后，总会找到解决的办法。)
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (1’*30＝30’)
Directions: Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps of each sentence with the items given. Please write down the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.
11. Don’t get into the bad _____ of smoking or drinking.
A) habit
B) custom
C) hobby
D) profession【答案】A【解析】句意：不要染上吸烟和酗酒的坏习惯。get into the bad habit意为“养成坏习惯”。hobby业余爱好，custom风俗，profession行业。因此答案选A。
12. I like your methods of teaching and shall _____ them in my teaching.
A) absorb
B) adopt
C) acquire
D) afford【答案】D【解析】句意：我喜欢你的教学方式，我将要把它运用在我自己的教学中。absorb吸收（液体、气体等）。adopt采纳。acquire获得。afford支付得起。因此答案选D。
13. Feeling tired all the time is a _____ that you may be sick.
A) mark
B) sight
C) sign
D) trace【答案】C【解析】句意：一直感到疲劳是你可能生病的征兆。mark记号。sight景象；视野。sign征兆；迹象。trace痕迹。因此答案选C。
14. I take this medicine twice a day; it should _____ my cold.
A) care
B) cure
C) restore
D) recover【答案】B【解析】句意：这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。care照顾。cure治愈。restore恢复（某种情况或感受）。recover恢复（某种状态或位置）。但recover在用作“恢复健康”时，需与from搭配。因此答案选B。
15. Music often _____ us of events in the past.
A) remembers
B) memorizes
C) reminds
D) reflects【答案】C【解析】句意：音乐经常使我们想起过去的事。remember记得。memorize存储；记住，remind使……想起，常与介词of搭配。reflect反射；反映。因此答案选C。
16. It is well-known that retired workers in our country are _____ free medical care.
A) entitled to
B) involved in
C) associated with
D) engaged in【答案】A【解析】句意：众所周知，我国退休工人有权享受公费医疗。be entitled to有资格享受，be involved in牵扯；陷入。be associated with与……有关。be assigned to把……分配给……。因此答案选A。
17. The two boys _____ each other in that they both have reddish hair and a round face.
A) like
B) resemble
C) similar to
D) refer to【答案】B【解析】句意：这两个男孩长得很像，红头发，圆脸蛋。like用作“相像”时，固定结构为A be like B或A look like B。resemble为及物动词，意为“与……相像”。similar表示“相似”时，固定结构为be similar to。refer to意为“参考”。因此答案选B。
18. There is not much time left, so I will tell you about it _____.
A) in detail
B) in brief
C) in short
D) in all【答案】B【解析】句意：时间不够了，我就简要地告诉你这件事吧。in detail详细地。in brief简短地；总之。in all总共。因此答案选B。
19. Large passenger planes often carry weather instruments with which to _____ storm.
A) broadcast
B) predict
C) inform
D) investigate【答案】B【解析】句意：大型客机经常携带能预报风暴的气象仪器。broadcast广播。predict预测。inform通知。investigate调查。因此答案选B。
20. How many radios will this factory _____ this year?
A) multiply
B) measure
C) manufacture
D) publish【答案】C【解析】句意：今年你们厂将生产多少台收音机？multiply相乘；迅速增加。measure测量。manufacture生产。publish印刷。因此答案选C。
21. Tom told me that he would have to _____ her invitation to the party.
A) avoid
B) refuse
C) deny
D) ignore【答案】B【解析】句意：汤姆告诉我他不得不对拒绝她的派对邀请。avoid避免。refuse拒绝。deny否认。ignore无视。因此答案选B。
22. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A) opportunities
B) necessities
C) realities
D) probabilities【答案】A【解析】句意：对于那些受过大学教育的人来说，未来将会有许多新的机会。opportunity（难得的应抓住的）机会，necessities必需品；必要性。realities现实。probabilities可能性。因此答案选A。
23. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded.
A) consequently
B) continuously
C) constantly
D) conversely【答案】A【解析】句意：雨很大，因此土地被淹了。consequently所以。continuously连续不断地。constantly不断地，时常地。conversely相反地。因此答案选A。
24. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _____.
A) hurt
B) damaged
C) spoiled
D) harmed【答案】C【解析】句意：受父母过多溺爱的孩子可能被宠坏。hurt使受伤。damage毁坏。spoil溺爱；（食物）变质。harm危害。因此答案选C。
25. The police are _____ the road accident that occurred last night.
A) looking up
B) looking on
C) looking out
D) looking into【答案】D【解析】句意：警察正在调查昨晚发生的交通事故。look up查找；拜访。look on袖手旁观。look out向外看。look into调查。因此答案选D。
26. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _____ almost all their time.
A) takes away
B) takes over
C) takes up
D) takes in【答案】C【解析】句意：权威人士往往没有多少空闲时间，因为他们的工作占用了几乎所有的时间。take away带走。take over接管。take up占用。take in吸收；领会。因此答案选C。
27. Very few scientists _____ with completely new answers to the world’s problems.
A) come round
B) come in
C) come up
D) come on【答案】C【解析】句意：没有几位科学家能对世界性的问题提出全新的答案。come round前来。come in到达，取得。come up with提出。come on快点；开始工作。因此答案选C。
28. The _____ edition of the dictionary is far better than the previous ones.
A) late
B) last
C) lasting
D) latest【答案】D【解析】句意：这本词典的最新版本比以前的好得多。late晚的。last最后的。lasting持久的。latest最新的。根据后文previous（之前的，旧的）提示，此处应选择其反义词“最新的”。因此答案选D。
29. I have been _____ to try these pills for seasickness.
A) advised
B) admitted
C) recalled
D) suggested【答案】A【解析】句意：我一直被建议尝试这种晕船药。admit承认。recall回忆。advise和suggest都可用作“建议”，但结构分别为advise to do sth.和suggest doing sth.。因此答案选A。
30. We did not send you an invitation, as we took it for _____ you would be coming.
A) granted
B) sure
C) positive
D) known【答案】B【解析】句意：我们没有给你发请帖，因为我们确信你会来的。for sure无疑，确信。take for granted认为……理所当然，无for positive和for known的搭配用法。因此答案选B。
Part Ⅲ Error Correction (20points)
Directions: There are twenty sentences in this part. Each of the following sentences has four parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (20points)
31.【答案】A【解析】句意：我们迟到了。到电影院时我以为电影已经开始了。电影开始是在到达动作之前，所以应该用过去完成时。A处有误，应改为had already。
32.【答案】B【解析】句意：我们一坐下来就发现又该走了。no sooner…than…为固定句型，意为“一……就……”。B处有误，应改为sooner。
33.【答案】A【解析】句意：辛苦工作后他感觉太累，就立刻睡觉了。feel tired的主语为he，与后半句的主语相同，因此应使用主动语态。A处有误，应改为Feeling。
34.【答案】C【解析】句意：要不是他的智慧，我们永远也做不到。此句如为正常语气，则后半句用一般将来时，即“we will never be able…”，由于前半句but for（要不是），后半句变成虚拟语气，主句时态回移。C处有误，应改为would never be。
35.【答案】D【解析】句意：只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出一个合理的结论。only放在句首引导从句，从句需用倒装语序，将助动词倒装至主语前。D处有误，应改为can you。
36.【答案】B【解析】句意：除非绝对必要，否则我宁愿不动手术。would rather后接动词原形，表示“宁愿做某事”。B处有误，应改为not have。
37.【答案】C【解析】句意：你猜想一下，如果你父亲知道你考试不及格以后会发生什么事?此句suppose意为“猜测”，提示此句为虚拟语气，时态应回移。C处原句为know，时态回移之后应改为knew。
38.【答案】C【解析】句意：这台录音机在质量和设计上远远胜过那一个。be superior to为固定搭配，意为“优越于……”。C处有误，应改为to。
39.【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管涉及到较高的资本支出，但从长远来看，这台机器可能更具有经济性。in spite of为固定搭配，意为“尽管……”。A处有误，应改为in spite of。
40.【答案】D【解析】句意：不幸的是，当我到达时，她正要离开，所以我们只有时间说几句话。当“我”到达时，“她”即将离开但并未离开，所以“我”与“她”之间仍可以进行简单交谈，few意为“几乎没有”，a few则是“有一点”。D处有误，应改为a few。
41.【答案】C【解析】句意：不管我做不做都与你无关。none of your business为固定搭配，意为“与你无关”。C处有误，应改为none。
42.【答案】D【解析】句意：这架钢琴重三百磅，对我来说太重了，我搬不动。too+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“对某人而言过于……而不能做某事”。D处有误，应改为for me.
43.【答案】C【解析】句意：在离开这个国家之前，这对老夫妇以60000美元的价格卖掉了他们的房子。全句时态为一般过去时。C处有误，应去掉had。
44.【答案】B【解析】句意：负责制定政策的要么是大学教授，要么是大学校长。either A or B意为“要么A，要么B”，为固定搭配，谓语动词数的变化遵循“就近原则”。B处有误，应改为is。
45.【答案】B【解析】句意：这项调查是由史密斯教授主持的，结果将很快会公布。该句为定语从句。根据句意可知，该定语从句中关系代词作定语，表示从属关系，应用whose引导。B处有误，应去掉of。
46.【答案】A【解析】句意：正是因为他并未因自己的学识而骄傲，学生们才尊重他。because可以引导从句，because of只能与短语搭配，不能引导从句。A处有误，应去掉of。
47.【答案】B【解析】句意：派他过去是没有用的。现在太晚了而且在下雨。It is no use doing sth.为固定句式，意为“做……是无用的”。B处有误，应去掉by。
48.【答案】D【解析】句意：我记得在超市工作的时候见过他一次。对于主语而言，在超市工作为过去发生的事，因此应使用过去时。D处有误，应改为worked。
49.【答案】D【解析】句意：“我想知道他们为什么迟到了。”“他们可能做过了火车。” may/might have done为固定结构，用来表示推测。D处有误，应改为may have missed。
50.【答案】B【解析】句意：你妹妹年纪不小了，应该能知道做一些比把所有的钱花在买化妆品上更有价值的事了。more than意为“多于……”。A处有误，应改为better than。
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (1.5’*20＝30’)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 51 to 60 are based on the following passage:
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to (51) _____, and each course which he attends gives him a (52) _____ which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree (53) _____ of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each (54) _____. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also (55) _____ for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a (56) _____ practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is (57) _____ for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much (58) _____. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the (59) _____ for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]