作者：李建军
出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
苹果英语·英语四级满分范文背诵(无赠送光盘)试读：
前言
中国学生英语写作有三个难点，即英语语言、构思能力及汉语的影响。
英语语言：第一，要懂得英语句子中各种修饰成分（即定语成分）主要配置在被修饰词之后。这一点与汉语不同。常用的修饰成分有定语从句、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语和不定式五类。第二，平时注意积累词组，尤其是动宾词组。本书每篇范文之后的“好词佳句”里就有许多动宾词组。
构思能力：“思”就是文章的内容，是作者用来支持一个观点、一个看法或者一条意见的具体材料。这些材料就是我们现实生活中的常识、常情和常理。很多学生的生活阅历不深，想问题、看事物的角度和深度受到一定的限制，这就要求大家平时多注意观察生活中的种种现象，勤于思考。
汉语的影响：汉语的影响是个极其复杂的问题，这里不作专门的讨论。它的直接表现形式就是学生习作中出现的中式英文。中式英文，中国人完全看得明白，但是讲母语的人却看不懂。
如何克服以上三个难点？答案是——平时多诵读好文章，勤练笔。这是提高英文写作水平的唯一途径。
笔者对近10年四级考试写作真题进行了研究，按体裁、话题、题材和写作类型进行归纳、总结，撰写了60篇与四级考试接近的范文。
这60篇范文中社会热点20篇、校园生活16篇、一般事理14篇、应用文7篇、叙事描写文3篇。按写作类型分，议论文中的现象解释型18篇，问题解决型13篇，观点对立型12篇，观点论证型6篇。
60篇短文中Harmfulness of Fake Commodities是考过的四级作文题。之所以把考过的真题收进来，是想让读者有个对照，从而有更为直观的感觉。
第13篇Make Friends Online附了两篇观点对立的范文：It is Wise to Make Friends Online和It is Unwise to Make Friends Online，其目的是为了让读者明白，四级作文可以自圆其说，只要内容完整、中心思想明确、用词恰当、语义连贯就可以。
提供一般事理性范文是因为该题材一方面便于完整地阐述事理，展现思想闪光点；另一方面，一般事理的短文体现人文思想，反映社会的核心价值观，它们既是出题人的思想库，又是考生的语言材料储备中心。文章论述精妙、视角独特，稍加切割，即可借用，具有较高的适用性和实用价值。
笔者建议背诵所有范文。先阅读，形成整体感受，再看点评，体会个中关节，最后全文背诵下来。先阅读再背诵，先整体后局部，唯有如此才能做到吸收、消化，形成考场上的创作“冲动”，好词和佳句从脑海中浮现出来，跃然纸上。肯花时间背诵好文章，必将事半功倍。李建军于北京外国语大学
使用说明
第一章四级作文考试全析◎考试大纲要求
◎决定四级写作分数的两大因素
◎四级写作文体和写作类型
◎四级考试万用写作模板
◎四级高分作文如何练就第一节 考试大纲要求《大学英语四级考试大纲》指出，写作部分考核学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，要求考生做到思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120个词的短文。考试时间为30分钟。所占分值比例为15％。第二节 决定四级写作分数的两大因素
作文的评分带有一定的主观性，与一些非智力性的因素密切相关，所以考生应该对评分的原则和标准有一个详细的了解，做到心中有数，尽量使自己的作文符合阅卷的要求，只有如此才能获得理想的成绩。
一、评分原则
总体评分原则 即阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Award Scores），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
综合评判原则 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑能否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
二、评分标准
四级作文的评分标准是：
·正确表达思想；
·意义连贯；
·无重大语法错误。
根据该评分标准，可将阅卷标准分为五个等级（以满分15分计）：2分，5分，8分，11分和14分，每一等级都可上下浮动一分，各等级的具体标准如下：
除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还会考虑以下三个因素：
1）白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。
2）字数不足者酌情扣分：
注：题目已给出的标题、主题句、起始句、结束句均不计入所写字数。
3）规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。第三节 四级写作文体和写作类型一、文体分析
英语四级考试历年写作命题的体裁多为议论文，所以议论文是考生必须熟练掌握的文体。
应用文在前几年出现较多，2001年6月、2002年1月、2004年6月、2005年1月和2005年6月的考题都要求考生写信或者写演讲稿。这表明英语四级写作考试也重视实用文体的写作。
在历年的四级作文中，单纯考查记叙文体裁的情况不多，只有两次，即1988年6月的An Early Morning Walk和2003年9月的The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)。但在其他体裁的作文中会用到记叙的写作手法，例如议论文中的夹叙夹议、信函中对某一事件的记叙等。由此判断，记叙的写作手法在四级写作中的应用还是相当广泛的，应给予足够的重视。二、写作类型分析
议论文是阐明道理和辨别事理的文体，通过事实材料和逻辑推理来阐明自己的观点，目的在于说服读者。其主旨是针对现实生活中带有普遍性和倾向性的现象、问题进行分析和论证说理，从而表明作者的观点和立场。
纵观历年的四级考试作文，议论文基本可以分为观点对立型、现象解释型、问题解决型和观点论证型。
观点对立型 这是四级考试中最常见的写作类型。一般来说，这类议论文的题目都会以一个一般疑问句或选择疑问句出现，要求考生对比两种观点，表明自己对该问题的看法。真题示例
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点
2．校园是否应该对游客开放，人们看法不同
3．我认为……
现象解释型 这也是四级考试中较为常见的写作类型。这类议论文会列举当前社会上的一种现象，首先要求考生描述该现象，然后解释这种现象出现的原因、结果等。最后说明该现象造成的影响或作者的看法或建议。真题示例
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1．越来越多的博物馆开放的目的是什么
2．也会带来一些问题
3．你的看法
问题解决型 这类写作类型通常以how开头的特殊疑问句作为题目，提出问题，要求考生分析该问题并提出解决方案。真题示例
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic of How I Finance My College Education? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1．上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决
2．哪种途径适合于我
观点论证型 这类写作类型通常要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照提纲的要求对该论点进行论证，表明自己的看法。真题示例
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1．娱乐活动多种多样
2．娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能有危害性
3．作为大学生我们的看法
应用文在近几年的四级考试中也频频出现。应用文主要包括书信、便条、通知、总结报告等，其中书信写作在四级考试中出现的次数较多。真题示例
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。第四节 四级考试万用写作模板
总结历年四级考试作文题，可以发现总共有以下几种写作题型：提纲作文、情景提示作文、看图表作文、段首句作文、关键词作文、命题作文、书信体应用文和演说。下面提供各种题型的写作模板。希望读者能认真研读，把各类不同写作题型的写作方法和特点牢牢记住。提纲作文万用模板
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Study Abroad. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1．出国留学有许多优点
2．出国留学也有其不利条件
3．总的来说，出国留学的利大于弊，因此是可行的Studying Abroad
Studying abroad has a lot of advantages [直入主题]. Firstly, (分层论证)many foreign universities offer better studying conditions and have more advanced teaching equipment, so students can acquire much more advanced knowledge of science and technology there. Secondly, (分层论证) students who study abroad may get in touch with people from various countries, hence they can serve as mediators between people of different cultures so as to promote international understanding. Thirdly, (分层论证) students can grasp and improve a foreign language more quickly and polish it by using it more frequently.
However, studying abroad also presents some disadvantages [本段主题句]. For example, students may have language barriers in the first few months or financial difficulties before getting a scholarship. Besides these, being far away from their native country and without relatives and friends around, students may have a sense of loneliness.
In spite of these, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages. [总结] The most important thing is that the native country also benefits. So it is advisable for students to study abroad.情景提示作文万用模板
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic More and More Students Have Mobile Phones. You should write at least 120 words and your composition should be based on the following information:
手机目前在学生中非常普及，产生这一现象的原因有许多。请你谈谈学生如何利用这一现代化的通讯手段。More and More Students Have Mobile Phones
Mobile phones have become more and more popular [主题句]. Nowadays, almost every college student has a mobile phone. It is not surprising to see a high school student, or even a primary school student use a mobile phone.
There are three major reasons for this phenomenon. [本段主题句] First, (分三层论证) mobile phones are much cheaper than before. Many students can afford the device and the service charge. Second, (分三层论证) it is popular because of its convenience and functions. Now students can make calls, send messages, surf on the Internet, and play games on the mobile phone. Third, (分三层论证) owning a mobile phone is a certain kind of fashion. The young people are attracted by nature. So students love it and use it to show their modernity.
No one can stop the spread of mobile phones, for it is one of the signs of a modern society. But students should have a clear mind on how to use it. They should use it to their advantage. [谈自己观点]图表作文万用模板
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Wealthy Countries and Poor Countries. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the table and the outline given below:
1．下列图表是1994年联合国公布的四个国家的社会和经济指标，请描述图表内容
2．请说明社会指标和经济指标的关系
3．联系我国的国情，谈谈这个图表对我们的启示Wealthy Countries and Poor Countries
The four indicators of economic and social conditions in the four countries of Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire in 1994 reflect the great differences that exist between wealthy and poor countries. [本段主题句] The table shows (例举说明) that Japan and Canada had overwhelmingly greater annual income than Peru and Zaire. Life expectancy at birth was higher among the more economically developed countries Japan and Canada. The amount of calories consumed daily per person roughly followed the same ranking. Literacy rates among adults were also higher in wealthier countries.
The figures in the table seem to confirm the often cited link between national wealth and health and educational standards. Health indicators reflect overall levels of affluence in the four nations. [本段主题句] Japan reported the highest life expectancy 78, followed by Canada, 76; Peru, 51; and Zaire, 41. (举例对比) This suggests that wealthier countries are able to put more money into health care than poorer ones. Likewise, the very high adult literacy rates in wealthier countries are no doubt a reflection of ability to invest in education.
China is a developing country. Our health care and educational standards still fall behind the developed countries. In order to improve our social indicators, we first need to develop our economy and increase our national wealth. [启示]段首句作文万用模板
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Numbers and Luck in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its ideas in completing the paragraph. Your composition should be at least 120 words, not including the words given.
1．Some people believe that good numbers can bring good luck.
2．Other people think that good numbers have nothing to do with good luck.
3．My idea is that…Numbers and Luck
Some people believe that good numbers can bring good luck. [段首句] Numbers such as six, eight, sixteen and eighteen are generally regarded as good numbers. They think that their success is related to some of those numbers. So whatever they do, they will make it on a “lucky” day. For example, (举例说明) smany people choose to hold their wedding ceremonies on August 18, and other people open their business on December 6.
Other people think that good numbers have nothing to do with good luck.[段首句] They believe in their own abilities rather than the so-called “lucky numbers”. They do not do things according to some numbers related to luck. Sometimes, they even choose to hold an opening ceremony on the thirteenth.
My view is that it is people's own business whether they believe in a certain number or not. [总结个人观点] The most important thing is that they do the work by themselves and do it well. As to the belief of numbers, it is a personal choice.关键词作文万用模板
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on Online Shopping. Your composition should be at least 120 words and should cover the following words and phrases: online shopping, attractive, popular, choices, timesaving, cheat, trendOnline Shopping
Nowadays, the Internet is greatly changing people’s life.[主题句] In addition to traditional way of shopping in stores and supermarkets, now people buy and sell things on the Internet. Online shopping is gradually becoming popular in modern cities.
Online shopping has many advantages. [本段主题句] First, it is convenient and timesaving. People can stay at home, shopping for what they want online. Second, people are provided with a wide range of choices. There is much information on the Internet so that consumers can easily compare the goods before they make a decision.
However, online shopping also brings people some trouble.[本段主题句] They sometimes feel cheated because they cannot see the real goods. Moreover, (进一步论证) paying on the Internet is somewhat insecure and complicated. Despite these problems, online shopping is still attractive. It will eventually become an irresistible trend of shopping in the future.命题作文万用模板
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Campus Love. You should write at least 120 words.Campus Love
Nowadays, many people are against campus love, saying that it is a waste of time and money. But in fact campus love plays a positive role for college students. We should welcome campus love. [主题句]
To begin with, (分层论证) campus love is a valuable experience. It is of great importance in our life. It is said that those who haven’t experienced love never grow mature. And we become real adults through the experience of campus love. Campus love also gives us motivation and power for life. A student who falls in love will have great motivation to study harder and make greater progress. What's more, (分层论证) there usually comes a mental and spiritual strength when two people fall in love with each other, which stimulates people to keep enthusiastic about life.
In conclusion, college students benefit a lot from campus love. [总结] Therefore, campus love should be welcomed by college students.书信应用文万用模板
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Writing a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1．表示欢迎
2．提出对度假安排的建议A Letter to a Schoolmate
April 23, 20××
Dear Xiao Wang:
Thank you for the letter. I'm very glad to know you will be visiting me during the week-long holiday. [本段主题句] I hope the following information will help you to enjoy your stay.
First of all, Inner Mongolia is famous for its grassland. (分层建议) It's worthwhile to visit the grassland, where you can taste typical Mongolian food, ride horses, and see the beautiful sunset. I think you'll enjoy the fresh air there.
I know you're also interested in history, so I suggest you visit the Inner Mongolia Museum which has a large collection of art and other cultural items. (进一步建议) If you have more time, Zhaojun Tomb and the Big Temple can also be your choices.
I hope these suggestions will be helpful. If you need any other help, please let me know. I'm looking forward to your visit.（写信的常规结束语）
Yours,
Zhang Ying第五节 四级高分作文如何练就
1．审题是关键，重视提纲
大学英语四级考试中的作文多数是提纲写作，话题通常是大学生熟悉的。因此，拿到试题的第一件事就是要审题：审题决定体裁，读提纲安排结构。
2．词句用准确，简明扼要
写作时，用简单的语言把复杂的意思表达出来并不是一件容易的事件。怎么办？如果词汇量有限，一时找不着恰当的词来表达自己的想法，可以通过一种“迂回曲折”的方式，尝试用自己大脑中现有的词汇或句式把意思表达出来。另外，选择恰当的词汇非常重要，切不可盲目地追求大词、生词。虽然四级作文要求考生选词范围尽可能灵活、宽泛，但以辞害义则得不偿失。
3．层次分清，主题突出
受汉语思维方式影响是学外语的一大障碍，在写作中，我们就常常受汉语行文的束缚，比如：不善于开门见山，缺乏中心句（Thesis Statement）和主题句（Topic Sentence），行文过半还未谈到主题。
针对这样的问题，我们要加强这方面的训练，学会写主题段和主题句，遵循英文写作的“线性思维模式”。
从全篇来看，四级作文大多分为三大部分，即提出问题、分析问题、解决问题，三部分缺一不可。文章的第一段应是主题段，简单介绍文章的主旨；之后的段落要按逻辑顺序展开。
从每段来看，第一句应是主题句，表达本段的中心思想，其后的每一个观点都应围绕这个中心展开。
4．书写要规范，卷面整洁
写作是一道主观题，考生写作文是一项主观的活动，而阅卷者评分也是一种主观行为，因此书写规范、卷面整洁非常重要。就连书写所用的墨水都可能影响印象分，比如，浅色的墨水或圆珠笔写出的字会显得凌乱，而深色的墨水则给人整齐、美观的印象。
总而言之，写作步骤至关重要。现归纳一个写作流程供考生学习和临摹，在这个过程中，考生要注意时间的合理分配。第二章四级满分范文背诵
◎热点话题篇
◎校园生活篇
◎一般事理性话题篇
◎应用文篇
◎叙事描写篇第一节 热点话题篇 说多热就有多热Topic 1 Low-carbon Lifestyle 低碳生活方式
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Low-carbon Lifestyle. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1．目前越来越多的人开始实践低碳生活方式
2．你认为应如何贯彻低碳生活？满分范文问题解决型MP3 01Low-carbon Lifestyle
Now the whole world has recognized the seriousness of carbon emissions, which are considered as the major cause for the global warming. Consequently, more and more individuals start to adopt a low-carbon lifestyle.
①A low-carbon lifestyle covers many aspects of modern life,such as transportation, home heating and air-conditioning, and holiday travel.②Individual efforts in daily lifemake a big difference to tackle climate change. For example, people are encouraged to mind energy-saving behavior, like taking the stairs instead of the lift, using fewer paper napkins and plastic bags, switching off all electronic equipment when they are not in use, and using the public transport system instead of driving private cars.
A low-carbon lifestyle is easy and healthy and it helps in boosting energy conservation and emission reduction. All people should be encouraged to live a low-carbon lifestyle.
好词佳句
黄金得分词carbon emissions碳排放to make a big difference起到很大的作用global warming全球变暖to tackle climate change应对气候变化to adopt a low-carbon lifestyle采取低碳生活方式energy conservation and emission 节能减排reduction
钻石得分句
①A low-carbon lifestyle covers many aspects of modern life. 低碳生活涉及现代生活的诸多方面。
李老师点评
此句灵活使用常用词cover，意为“包括，涉及”。
②Individual efforts in daily life make a big difference to tackle climate change. 个人在日常生活中所做的努力在应对气候变化方面起到很大的作用。
李老师点评
此句使用了非常地道的短语make a difference，应学会使用。
动手试一试（用题后括号里的词将以下句子翻译成英文。以下同，不再单独说明）
1．这些停车限制涉及到居民和游客。（to cover）
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2．锻炼对你的健康很有帮助。（to make a big difference）
_________________________________KEYS
1．These parking restrictions cover residents as well as visitors.
2．Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.Topic 2 Civil Servants Frenzy 公务员热
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Civil Servants Frenzy. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1．公务员考试成为当前一种热门考试
2．这个现象背后的原因
3．你的看法满分范文现象解析型MP3 02Civil Servants Frenzy
Government jobs have become increasingly popular in China. A recent China Youth Daily survey shows that around 86 percent of the 2,440 respondents consider becoming civil servants, many of whom are highly-educated people with master's degrees or doctoral degrees.
The reasons for this phenomenon are simple. In China, ①civil servant jobs mean good income, decent social status and permanent social welfare.②Civil servants enjoy the benefits of low-priced housing, healthcare and retirement pension that most other occupations do not provide. Also, the cases of civil servants being unemployed are rare in China. Working for a company may get a better pay, but most company employees lack a sense of security. ③A lot of people find that the benefits of being a civil servant are too good to refuse.
People need to be sensible about the frenzy for civil servants. After all, not all the people are suitable for the civil servant jobs. The ideal occupation should be the one that a person loves to do and is decently paid to do.
好词佳句
黄金得分词social welfare社会福利a sense of security安全感retirement pension退休金be suitable for适合……
钻石得分句
①... civil servant jobs mean good income, decent social status and permanent social welfare.……公务员工作意味着可观的收入、体面的社会地位和长期的社会福利。
李老师点评
此句活用常用词mean,意为“意味着，即是”；此外，good income, decent social status and permanent social welfare是并列平行结构，层层递进，使句子工整。
②Civil servants enjoy the benefits of low-priced housing, healthcare and retirement pension that most other occupations do not provide. 公务员享有低价房、医疗保健和退休金等多项福利，而大多数其他职业并不提供这些福利。
李老师点评
此句除了平行结构外，定语从句that most other occupations do not provide提供鲜明对比，使句子内容更丰富。
③A lot of people find that the benefits of being a civil servant are too good to refuse. 许多人认为公务员的待遇好得令人无法拒绝。
李老师点评
短语too good to refuse言简意赅，可使用的场合很多，应掌握。
动手试一试
1．人们上大学是为了新的体验、职业准备和增长知识。（用并列结构造句）
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2．这个机会好得令人无法拒绝。（too good to refuse）
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1．People go to college or university for new experiences, career preparation and increased knowledge.
2．This opportunity is too good to refuse.Topic 3 The Internet Real-name System 网络实名制
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of The Internet Real-name System. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1．近几年人们一直在热议该不该实行网络实名制
2．有些人认为应该实名制，有些人认为不该实名制
3．你的看法满分范文观点对立型MP3 03The Internet Real-name System
According to a recent report, China now has about 400 million Internet users. Whether to make all netizens register their real names or not has been debated for years in China, but government officials have confirmed that how to implement a system of entire real-name registration is being considered.
Some netizens support the Internet real-name system. ①They hold that people should be responsible for what they do and what they say on the Internet just as in the real world. ②They also list the advantages in terms of fraud prevention and network security protection. On the contrary, other people are concerned that if the real-name registration system is enforced, the freedom to conduct discussion and exchange of ideas online will be threatened. Another problem is that ③it is hard to protect a netizen's right of privacy once their real identity is available on the Internet.
In my opinion, the real-name system is necessary in some fields of the Internet, for example, e-commerce. But for those blog users and other netizens, a real-name system is unjustifiable.
好词佳句
黄金得分词to implement a 执行一种制度systemon the contrary正相反，然而be responsible for为……负责，承担责任to conduct 进行讨论discussionin terms of从……方面，就……来说rights of privacy隐私权
钻石得分句
①They hold that people should be responsible for what they do and what they say on the Internet just as in the real world. 他们认为人们应该为自己在网络上的言行负责，正如在现实社会中一样。
李老师点评
注意并列平行结构what they do and what they say语法结构要一致。比较their deeds and their words。
②They also list the advantages in terms of fraud prevention and network security protection. 他们还指出在预防诈骗和保护网络安全方面的好处。
李老师点评
短语in terms of不易掌握，要特别留意。
③... it is hard to protect a netizen's right of privacy once their real identity is available on the Internet. 网民的真实身份一旦出现在网上，这将很难保护他们的隐私权。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]