作者：同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试辅导用书编审
出版社：中国人民大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试阅读理解120篇精解试读：
前言
根据《中华人民共和国学位条例》的规定，具有研究生毕业同等学力的人员，都可以按照《国务院学位委员会关于授予具有研究生毕业同等学力人员硕士、博士学位的规定》的要求与办法，向学位授予单位提出申请。授予同等学力人员硕士学位是国家为同等学力人员开辟的获得学位的渠道。这对于在职人员业务素质的提高和干部队伍建设都起到了积极的作用。申请人通过了学位授予单位及国家组织的全部考试并通过了学位论文答辩后，经审查达到了硕士学位学术水平者，可以获得硕士学位。
同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语全国统一考试在我国已实行了19年，并得到社会以及广大考生的极大关注。随着参加该类考试人数的不断增长，以及为了更好地检测考生的英语水平，国务院学位委员会办公室于2012年再次修订了考试大纲，修订后的新大纲(第六版)是今后几年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平考试统一命题的依据。
英语考试在同等学力申请硕士学位全国统一考试中占有举足轻重的地位，而阅读理解是英语考试中的“重中之重”。该部分在整份试卷中的分值最高，而且阅读理解能力也是考生做好其他部分的基础。在备考同等学力申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试时，把阅读理解作为考试的切入点可以收到“一石三鸟”之效，对于提高考生的整体英语水平具有重要的意义。
为了更好地帮助考生复习，我们根据多年的教学实践经验，在认真分析了同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试的考点、难点、重点及命题套路之后，倾情奉献了这本《同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试阅读理解120篇精解》。
本书系统、全面，与考试大纲紧密相联。本书的编写严格按照考试大纲的要求，突出同等学力申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试的特点。在选编文章题材、体裁方面尽可能拓展空间，广泛涉猎，包括社会科学、自然科学等各个领域的知识，具体内容涉及科学技术、经济管理、教育文化、社会生活、环境生态、政治历史、医学保健、宗教信仰、新闻艺术等诸多方面，可以让考生系统见识同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试阅读理解材料，强化英语背景知识，轻取阅读理解考试高分。广泛的阅读可以提高考生的阅读理解能力，也可以巩固和提高语言应用能力，达到事半功倍的目的。本书的另外一个功能是可以系统强化考生的综合知识，因为同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试阅读理解涉猎的面比较广泛，考生不仅可以通过本书提高自己的英语阅读能力，而且可以借此积累自己的综合知识，做到一举多得。
编撰本书的初衷就是力求提高考生的应试水平和阅读理解能力。本书从选题、编写到完稿历时一年多，几易其稿。
由于编著者水平所限，错误和纰漏之处在所难免，诚望广大读者批评指正。编著者第一部分 基础阅读训练30篇Text 1
Very soon,unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives.This could have dangerous consequences,especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlying them.There's a growing gap between our technological capability and our underlying scientific understanding.We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath,and that is very dangerous.
The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred years are nanotechnology,artificial intelligence and biotechnology.The benefits they will bring are beyond doubt but they are potentially very dangerous.In the field of artificial intelligence there are prototype designs for something that might be 50000 million times smarter than the human brain by the year 2010.The only thing not feasible in the filmTerminatoris that the people win.If you're fighting against technology that is much smarter than you,you probably will not win.We've all heard of the grey goo problem that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on replicating until the world has been reduced to sticky goo,and certainly in biotechnology,we've really got a big problem because it's converging with nanotechnology.Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotech-enabled bacteria,we can go much further than the Borg inStar Trek,and those superhuman organisms might not like us very much.
We are in a world now where science and commerce are increasingly bedfellows.The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good.We should prepare for new and unfamiliar forms of argument around emerging technologies.
1.From the text,we know that the author's greatest worry is_____.
A.our lack of technological understanding of the process involved
B.our lack of technological capability
C.creating technology without really understanding the issues
D.our refusal to face the consequences of the technology we create
2.It can be inferred from the text that the author_____.
A.thinks people overestimate the capabilities of technology
B.is not optimistic that artificial intelligence will always be used positively
C.thinks that we should take science fiction movies more seriously
D.believes artificial intelligence is the greatest threat we face technologically
3.Why does the author say it is not feasible in the filmTerminatorthat the humans win?
A.Because the power of the technology was exaggerated.
B.Because the strength of the machines would be much greater.
C.Because machines with that much intelligence would not allow it.
D.Because even heroic humans would achieve nothing from such a battle.
4.The mixing of nanotech with organisms may_____.
A.produce dangerous viruses capable of killing many people
B.produce creatures that are unfriendly to humans
C.upset our balance of nature
D.reduce the world to sticky glue
5.The author's attitude toward the emerging technologies is_____.
A.critical
B.skeptical
C.provocative
D.alarmist
6.Which one is correct according to this article?
A.Human's ability of understanding is faster than new technology.
B.The future development of the unimaginable science is harder.
C.Embeding technology with commerce is good only in free trade regimes.
D.Emerging technologies are a challenge for human's intelligence.
长难例句分析
［长难例句］The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good.
［结构分析］本句中，The development of technology作主语，in the context of global free trade regimes是介宾短语作状语，which引导的定语从句修饰regimes。
［参考译文］在全球自由贸易体制的环境中，技术正在发展。这种体制认为，技术的传播与商业结合实质上是好事。
全文参考译文
无比强大的科技很快就将完全改变我们的生活。这可能会产生危险的后果，尤其是因为我们可能不懂得其背后的基本科学。我们的科技能力和对科学的基本理解之间的差距愈发加大。我们借助于未来科技可以从事非常巧妙的事情，而不必理解基本的科学原理，这是很危险的。
未来的一百年中特别危险的技术是纳米技术、人工智能和生物技术。它们带来的好处不容置疑，但它们潜在的危险却很大。在人工智能领域，到2010年比人脑聪明500亿倍的东西其原型设计已经出现。电影《终结者》中唯一不可能实现的是人类会胜出。假如你在和比自己聪明得多的技术对抗，你可能不会取胜。我们都听说过灰色黏质问题，能自我复制的纳米技术装置不停地复制，直到世界沦为黏糊糊的质体。无疑在生物技术方面，我们真的有个大问题，因为它在与纳米技术合流。一旦把纳米技术和有机体相结合，就有了纳米技术制造的细菌，我们能够比《星际迷航》中的柏格飞船旅行得更远，但那些超人生物体可能对我们并不太友好。
我们所处的世界科学与商业联系日益紧密。在全球自由贸易体制的环境中，技术正在发展，这种体制认为，技术的传播与商业结合实质上是好事。我们应该做好准备，迎接围绕新兴技术而展开的前所未有的争论。
题目答案与解析
1.我们从文中可知，作者最大的担忧是_____。
A.我们对相关过程的技术缺乏了解
B.我们技术能力的缺乏
C.在创造技术的同时没有真正懂得问题
D.我们拒绝面对我们所创造的技术所产生的后果【答案】C【解析】从第1段可知，作者先后指出：“无比强大的科技很快就将完全改变我们的生活。这可能会产生危险的后果，尤其是因为我们可能不懂得其背后的基本科学”；“我们借助于未来科技可以从事非常巧妙的事情，而不必理解基本的科学原理，这是很危险的”。可见，作者的最大担心是在创造技术的同时没有真正懂得问题。因此C项为正确答案。
2.从文中可以推出，作者_____。
A.认为人们高估了科技的能力
B.对人工智能的积极应用并不乐观
C.认为我们应更加严肃地对待科幻电影
D.认为我们在科技上所面对的最大威胁是人工智能【答案】B【解析】文中第2段具体分析探讨了人工智能、纳米技术和生物技术的潜在危险。从中可知，作者对人工智能的积极应用并不乐观。因此B项为正确答案。
3.为什么作者说，在电影《终结者》中人类是不会获胜的？
A.因为科技的力量被夸大了。
B.因为机器的力量会大得多。
C.因为拥有很高智能的机器使人类无法获胜。
D.因为从这样一场战役中，即使是英勇的人类也会一无所获。【答案】C【解析】从第2段可知，电影《终结者》中唯一不可能实现的是人类会胜出。假如你在和比自己聪明得多的技术对抗，你可能不会取胜。这两句话的关系是前果后因。因此C项为正确答案。
4.纳米技术和有机体结合会_____。
A.产生使许多人致命的危险病毒
B.产生对人不太友好的生物
C.打破自然的平衡
D.使世界陷入黏液之中【答案】B【解析】从第2段可知，纳米技术与有机体相结合可能产生对人类不太友好的生物。因此B项为正确答案。
5.作者对新兴技术的态度是_____。
A.批评
B.怀疑
C.煽动
D.大惊小怪【答案】B【解析】从第2段开头可知，未来一百年中特别危险的技术是纳米技术、人工智能和生物技术。它们带来的好处不容置疑，但它们潜在的危险却很大。由此可见，B项为正确答案。
6.根据本文推测以下哪个表述是正确的？
A.人类理解能力快于新型科技。
B.让人意想不到的科技在未来发展困难。
C.科技与商业的结合只在自由贸易体制下是件好事。
D.新技术的出现对人类智慧是个挑战。【答案】D【解析】从第1段和最后一段最后一句话可知，无比强大技术因为人类的理解能力而变得危险，人类应该对新技术的出现不断进行辩论，因此，新技术的出现要考虑人类的理解能力和人类的智慧。因此D项是正确的。Text 2
Directions：In this section,you are required to read several excerpts from newspapers and/or magazines.These excerpts are followed by five questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.
Excerpt 1
From 2003 to 2050，the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion,a 42％increase.If energy use per person and technology remain the same,total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42％higher in 2050.But that's too low,because societies that grow richer use more energy.We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards.With modest growth,energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
Excerpt 2
Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem,we also know that the effects of measures,especially harsh measures taken in some countries,would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions.Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60%to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere,this path is not feasible for several reasons.Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.
Excerpt 3
Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing humankind.Climate change may affect natural ecosystems in a variety of ways.In the short term,climate change can alter the mix of plant species in land ecosystems such as grasslands.In the long term,climate change has the potential to dramatically alter the geographic distribution of major vegetation types—savannas,forests,and tundra.Climate change can also potentially alter global ecosystem processes,including the cycling of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur.Moreover,changes in these ecosystem processes can affect and be affected by changes in the plant species of the ecosystem and vegetation type.All of the climate change-induced alterations of natural ecosystems affect the services that these ecosystems provide to humans.
Excerpt 4
Plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade,vegetation may not keep up.Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year—faster than trees can naturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.
Excerpt 5
Scientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done deal—due in large part to heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans already have pumped skyward.Now,however,researchers are fleshing out how much future warming and sea-level rise the world has triggered.
Excerpt 6
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
1.Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of_____.
A.economic growth
B.wasteful use of energy
C.the widening gap between the rich and poor
D.the rapid advances of science and technology
2.It is impossible at present to cut 60%of carbon dioxide emissions globally because_____.
A.it is only a goal to be reached in the future
B.some people are lacking in imagination
C.some people are irresponsible
D.it would cause a collapse of the world economy
3.Excerpt 3 is primarily concerned with_____.
A.the potential impacts of climate change for natural ecosystems
B.how to minimize the negative consequences of climate change
C.how to maximize the opportunities that climate change may offer
D.the complex,nonlinear nature of natural ecosystems
4.James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by_____.
A.the cutting of many trees
B.desirable environmental changes
C.successful migration of species
D.unsuccessful migration of trees
5.What is the message the author intends to convey in Excerpt 6?
A.Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B.The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
C.The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D.People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
长难例句分析
［长难例句］Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem,we also know that the effects of measures,especially harsh measures taken in some countries,would be nullified(抵消)if other countries do not control their emissions.
［结构分析］句子主干we...know that...；although引导让步状语从句，此让步状语从句中and连接两个并列句，第二分句中又含一个that引导的宾语从句；主句中含that引导的宾语从句，此宾语从句中又包含一个if引导的条件状语从句。
［参考译文］虽然世界上的人们了解全球变暖的威胁已经有几十年，而且所有的国家和领导人都一致认为我们应该解决这个问题，但是，我们也知道：如果其他国家不控制自己的有害排放，各国所采取的措施产生的效果，尤其是一些采取严厉措施的国家产生的效果，将会被抵消。
全文参考译文
摘录一
从2003年到2050年，世界人口预计将由64亿增长到91亿，上涨42％。如果人均能源消耗量和技术水平保持不变，能源消耗总量和温室气体排放量(主要是二氧化碳排放量)也将会在2050年上涨42％。但那只是最保守的估计，因为社会越发展，能源也将消耗得越多。除非我们强迫穷人维持贫困现状，限制其他人生活水平的提高，否则我们就需要经济增长。按照一个较为中等的增长速度来看，能源消耗和温室气体排放到2050年也将是现在的两倍。
摘录二
虽然世界上的人们了解全球变暖的威胁已经有几十年，而且所有的国家和领导人都一致认为我们应该解决这个问题，但是，我们也知道：如果其他国家不控制自己的有害排放，各国所采取的措施产生的效果，尤其是一些采取严厉措施的国家产生的效果，将会被抵消。虽然联合国气候变化研究小组发现，要想稳定大气中二氧化碳的含量，全球二氧化碳的排放量将不得不减少60％，但是，好几个理由显示这种做法不是切实可行的。如此大幅度的削减会引起世界经济的崩溃。
摘录三
对人类来说，气候变化是众多重要环境问题之一。自然生态系统在诸多方面会受到气候变化的影响。在短时间内，草地之类的陆地生态系统的植物类群在气候变化的影响下有所改变。长期来说，主要植被种类的地理分布在气候变化的影响下会发生极大的变化，像热带稀树大草原、森林、苔原。全球生态系统的进程在气候变化的影响下同样会发生变化，包括碳、氮、磷、硫黄的循环。此外，生态系统进程中的变化与生态系统的植物类群和植被种类的变化之间会相互影响。所有这些气候变化先是改变了自然生态系统，然后自然生态系统的改变又影响了人类从这些系统中获得的益处。
摘录四
许多世纪以来，植物和动物适应了气候的变化。目前估计，每十年温度就会升高零点五摄氏度，但植物可能跟不上气候的变化。气候学家詹姆斯·汉森预计，气候带将每年向极地移动50~75公里——比树木可能自然迁移的速度要快。那些发现自己生活于一个不熟悉的环境的物种将会灭绝。
摘录五
长期以来，科学家一直在警告，某种程度的全球变暖是一个既定的事实——这很大程度上是由于人类向大气排放的吸热温室气体所导致的。不过，研究人员正在设法了解全球未来升温和海平面上升的幅度。
摘录六
现实的结论就是，如果全球变暖是一个潜在灾难的话，唯一的解决办法就是新科技。只有有效的科研和发展规划才可能找到打破我们对矿物燃料依赖的办法，或者，能更好地应对这一问题的方法。
题目答案与解析
1.温室气体排放到2050年将是现在的两倍，这是因为_____。
A.经济的增长
B.能源浪费
C.日益扩大的贫富差距
D.科技的快速进步【答案】A【解析】根据excerpt 1最后一句可知，按照一般的经济增长速度来计算，能源消耗和温室气体排放到2050年将翻一番。原文中的growth即A中的economic growth,所以选A。
2.全球二氧化碳的排放量不可能减少60％，这是因为_____。
A.这只是未来要达到的一个目标
B.一些人缺乏想象力
C.有些人是不负责的
D.这会导致全球经济的崩溃【答案】D【解析】根据excerpt 2中的“Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60%to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere,this path is not feasible for several reasons.Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.”可知，虽然联合国气候变化研究小组发现，要想稳定大气中二氧化碳的含量，全球二氧化碳的排放量将不得不减少60％，但是，好几个理由显示这种做法不是切实可行的。如此大幅度的削减会引起世界经济的崩溃。可见D项最符合文章的意思。
3.摘录三主要是关于_____。
A.气候变化对自然生态系统的潜在影响
B.如何减少气候变化的负面影响
C.如何扩大气候变化带来的机遇
D.自然生态系统复杂、非线性的本质【答案】A【解析】excerpt 3讲，对人类来说，气候变化是众多重要环境问题之一。后面又分析了气候变化会带来的诸多影响和后果，特别是对生态环境的影响。
4.詹姆斯·汉森预计，气候带的移动伴随着_____。
A.许多树木的砍伐
B.理想的环境变化
C.物种的成功迁移
D.树木的失败迁移【答案】D【解析】根据Excerpt 4中的“Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year—faster than trees can naturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.”可知气候学家詹姆斯·汉森预计，气候带将每年向极地移动50~75公里，比树木可能自然迁移的速度要快。那些发现自己生活于一个不熟悉的环境的物种将会灭绝。可见，气候带的迁移使树木不能适应而灭绝。D项符合文章的意思。
5.作者在摘录六要表达的信息是_____。
A.全球变暖是一个道德问题而不是一个实际问题
B.全球变暖最终解决之道在于新技术
C.全球变暖的争论会产生技术突破
D.为了阻止全球变暖，人们不得不放弃某些物质享受【答案】B【解析】根据“The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only solution is new technology.”可知，现实的结论就是，如果全球变暖是一个潜在灾难的话，唯一的解决办法就是新科技。所以B项符合文意。Text 3
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.Another was the growing professionalization of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:exceptions can be found to any rule.Nevertheless,the word“amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and,in particular,may not fully share its values.The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century,with its consequent requirement of a longer,more complex training,implied greater problems for amateur participation in science.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.Thus,in the nineteenth century,local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right;but,in the twentieth century,local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate,and reflect on,the wider geological picture.Amateurs,on the other hand,have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.As a logical consequence of this development,separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalization and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century,its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century.In science generally,however,the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
1.The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_____.
A.sociology and chemistry
B.physics and psychology
C.sociology and psychology
D.physics and chemistry
2.We can infer from the passage that_____.
A.there is little distinction between specialization and professionalization
B.amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C.professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D.amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
3.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_____.
A.the process of specialization and professionalization
B.the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
C.the change of policies in scientific publications
D.the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
4.The direct reason for specialization is_____.
A.the development in communication
B.the growth of professionalization
C.the expansion of scientific knowledge
D.the splitting up of academic societies
5.Which statement about the amateur is correct?
A.Professionals and amateurs are very different from each other in science.
B.The growth of specialization improves the amateur participation in science.
C.In the twentieth century,due to the increasing developments of science,the difference between the professional and amateur becomes larger than before.
D.A similar process of differentiation occurred in the specific societies of geology.
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