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宁波大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年宁波大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B)
Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Asians tend to ____ the elderly, but in America, age does not necessarily bring respect.
A. precipitate
B. juxtapose
C. venerate
D. squelch【答案】C【解析】句意：亚洲人往往尊重老年人。但在美国，老年人不一定受尊重。venerate尊重，尊敬。precipitate使……发生，促使。juxtapose把……并列。squelch抑制，遏制。
2. When the car broke down on the highway for a third time, John’s patience completely ran ____.
A. through
B. across
C. out
D. after【答案】C【解析】句意：当汽车第三次在高速公路上抛锚时，约翰彻底失去了耐心。run out耗尽。run through梳理。run across巧遇。run after追赶。
3. When Brand ____ his way to the center of the crowd, he pushed with all the strength of his body.
A. found
B. elbowed
C. spent
D. took【答案】B【解析】句意：布兰德用尽身上所有的力气推搡着挤到了人群中心。elbow用肘推挤。
4. Finishing a job or solving a problem rapidly is considered a sign of ____ in the eyes of those who pay considerable respect to time consciousness.
A. skillfulness
B. carelessness
C. uselessness
D. hopelessness【答案】A【解析】句意：对于那些很有时间观念的人来说，高效完成工作或解决问题是技巧娴熟的表现。skillfulness技巧娴熟。carelessness粗心。uselessness无用。hopelessness无望。
5. When Laura walked into the room, she saw the lighted candles ____ in the draught from the opening window.
A. fluttering
B. wavering
C. shivering
D. flickering【答案】D【解析】句意：劳拉一走进房间就看见烛光在从窗户吹进的风中摇曳。flicker（通常指灯光）闪烁，摇曳。flutter飘动，挥动。waver摇晃，摇摆。shiver颤抖，哆嗦。故选D。
6. ____ is the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you do not agree with it.
A. Resistance
B. Dependence
C. Tolerance
D. Persistence【答案】C【解析】句意：宽容就是尽管你不赞同别人说话做事的方式，也会允许他们那么做。tolerance容忍，宽容。resistance抵抗，反抗。dependence依赖，依靠。persistence坚持。故选C。
7. My figuring was wrong because I ____ one tiny point.
A. overlooked
B. overwhelmed
C. overtook
D. overcame【答案】A【解析】句意：我的计算出错了，因为我忽略了一个细微的点。overlook未注意到，忽略。overwhelm压倒，制服。overtake追上，超过。overcome克服。
8. You are supposed to take into account the ____ of buying a house at the time of a financial crisis.
A. pros and cons
B. comes and goes
C. ups and downs
D. backs and forths【答案】A【解析】句意：在金融危机时期买房，你应该把利弊都考虑清楚。pros and cons利弊。comes and goes来来去去。ups and downs盛衰，沉浮。backs and forths反复来回。
9. My high-school pals and I were a ____ group. We stuck together through good times and bad.
A. prolific
B. bureaucratic
C. terse
D. cohesive【答案】D【解析】句意：我的高中朋友和我是个有凝聚力的群体。我们共度幸福与苦难的时光。cohesive统一的，团结的。prolific多产的，作品丰富的。bureaucratic官僚的。terse精练的，简短的。
10. Scarcely had they settled themselves in the seats in the theatre ____ the curtain went up.
A. before
B. then
C. than
D. when【答案】D【解析】句意：他们在剧院刚坐下，幕布就升起来了。本句考查固定搭配：Scarcely had＋完成时when＋一般过去时，表示“一……就……”，相当于“no sooner…than”。故选D。
11. Jean is slow, but her brother, on the contrary, is quick at ____ the point of an argument.
A. snatching
B. capturing
C. grabbing
D. grasping【答案】D【解析】句意：简理解得比较慢，而她哥哥很快就理解了该论点。grasp有理解、领悟之意，符合句意。snatch一把抓住；迅速地夺取。capture抓住，夺取。grab抓住；攫取。
12. The severe whipping his father gave him was hardly ____ with the little boy’s misbehaviors. All his did was to eat a cookie before dinner.
A. commensurate
B. proficient
C. tenuous
D. exorbitant【答案】A【解析】句意：父亲对这个小男孩的残酷鞭打和小男孩的错误行为不相符。他不过是在晚饭前吃了一块饼干罢了。commensurate相等的，相称的，且be commensurate with表示与……相称。proficient精通的。tenuous（联系）脆弱的；（理由）站不住脚的，牵强的。exorbitant过度的，过高的。
13. Superstitious people believe that a cold, clammy wind ____ from the “haunted” house on Elm Street.
A. synchronizes
B. emendates
C. vindicates
D. mitigates【答案】A【解析】句意：迷信的人认为湿冷的风与榆树大街的“鬼屋”很相符。synchronize同步。emendate校勘，修改。vindicate证实；证明……正确。mitigate减轻，缓和。
14. The members in the testing team were quite ____ and could change their schedule upon request.
A. lenient
B. supple
C. flexible
D. gentle【答案】C【解析】句意：测验小组的成员都相当灵活，他们可以根据要求调整自己的安排。flexible灵活的。lenient宽容的，仁慈的。supple身体灵活的，柔韧的。gentle温和的，有礼貌的。
15. We must ____ a plan as quickly as we can.
A. set out
B. put out
C. work out
D. take out【答案】C【解析】句意：我们必须尽快制定出一个计划。work out制定出；想出（解决方法）。set out着手，开始。put out扑灭。take out去除，除掉。故选C。
16. If you grow up in a large family, it helps to be ____. Since you are so rarely alone, it’s nice if you can enjoy the company.
A. ambiguous
B. gregarious
C. sporadic
D. rudimentary【答案】B【解析】句意：在大家庭长大对你的交际能力很有好处，因为你很少有时间独处，所以和一群人打成一片挺不错的。gregarious爱交际的，合群的。ambiguous模糊不清的；引起歧义的。sporadic间断发生的。rudimentary基本的，初步的。故选B。
17. When the teacher checked the students’ dormitories, they were shocked to find they were in a ____, with shoes and clothes covering every possible surface of the floor.
A. litter
B. mess
C. disorder
D. rubbish【答案】B【解析】句意：老师们检查学生宿舍时，惊讶地发现宿舍很乱，衣服和鞋子铺满了一地。in a mess固定搭配，表示凌乱。litter废弃物，垃圾。disorder混乱。in disorder也表示混乱，凌乱。rubbish垃圾。
18. All of them were attracted by huge advertisements showing beautiful worldly girls and confident men, both ____ away.
A. drugging
B. dragging
C. drowning
D. drawing【答案】D【解析】句意：他们都被铺天盖地的广告里引人注目的美女俊男吸引了。draw有吸引的意思，指广告中的俊男靓女把他们都吸引了。故选D。
19. She feels a deep hurt, a feeling of ____ as she remembers how carefully she ate when pregnant, how patiently she taught her daughter to cross a street safely.
A. uselessness
B. usefulness
C. unusualnes
D. selfishness【答案】A【解析】句意：当她想起自己怀孕时那么注意饮食，后来那么耐心地教女儿安全过马路，她感觉深深地被伤害了，感觉自己很没用。只有useless符合句意。
20. The research team decided to use an underwater ____ saw to cut the ship into sections before lifting it up.
A. electric
B. electrical
C. electrified
D. electrifying【答案】A【解析】句意：调查小组决定先用水下电锯把船身割开，再把船吊起来。这里要区分electric与electrical。electric指任何电动的或发电的装置，如electric iron电熨斗，electric wire电线。electrical电的，与电有关的，电气科学的，指与电有关的事物，被修饰的词本身并不能带电。如electrical book电学方面的书。本题指电锯，属于电动装置，故应用electric。
Section B: There are more than twelve errors in the given passage. You are expected to find out ten of them end write down the correct answer as well as the detected errors on the Answer Sheet.【答案与解析】
21. which→in which/where（which phoenixes and unicorns are quite as important as horses and dogs这个从句是修饰先行词world的，且world在从句中作地点状语，故应用in which或将which改为where。）
22. talks→talk（该句主语为some of the horses，为复数，故谓语动词应为单数形式。）
23. called→calling（句意：随便举一个例子就是，莎士比亚被叫做“艾冯河的诗人”。句子主语是example，如果用called则表示“例子被称为……”，这里应该是call Shakespeare…，“把莎士比亚叫做…”存在主动逻辑关系，故用calling。）
24. their→its（句意：斯特拉特福德镇的河里一直饲养着天鹅，有一部分原因是保留文学典故。河指的是这个镇的河，故用its。）
25. are→were（本句讲的是莎士比亚那个时代的诗人，应该用一般过去时。）
26. produced→producing（前一句说那些诗人不愿意承认他们是在写作，该句说他们坚持说是在创作音乐。所以produce的形式应与前一句were writing保持一致，用过去进行时。）
27. depended→depending（depend作为本句中的非谓语动词，与主语every other kind of poetic effort是主动关系，故用ing形式。）
28. they→it（本句指的是天鹅不会唱歌，指代的是前一句中的the swan。the＋可数名词单数可表示一类事物，此处指的就是天鹅这一种动物，代词用it即可。）
29. their→its（前面用的是it sang，所以本处要用its与之对应。）
30. kinds→kind（主语为it，所以后面kind应为单数形式。）
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40 points: 2 x 20)
Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You are expected to make the best choice.
Questions 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:
Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding. During our two years together we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. But through it all we had honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each other’s characters.
Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so involved with the racial issue, and I was surprised that she seemed to forget the subtler forms of racial hatred in American society.
Gail and I had no illusions about what the future held for us as a married, mixed couple in America. The continual source of our strength was our mutual trust and respect.
We wanted to avoid the mistake made by many couples of marrying for the wrong reasons, and only finding out ten, twenty, or thirty years later that they were incompatible, that they hardly took the time to know each other, that they overlooked serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an right. That point was automatic way to make everything work out emphasized by the fact that Gail’s parents, after thirty-five years of marriage, were going through a bitter and painful divorce, which had destroyed Gail and for a time had a negative effect on our budding relationship.
31. In the first paragraph, the phrase “ups and downs” means ____.
A. happy and lucky experiences
B. a mix of good experiences and bad experiences
C. the changing from good luck to bad luck
D. the changing from bad luck to good luck
32. Gail and the author learnt a lot from their racial and cultural differences except ____.
A. tolerance
B. compromise
C. confidence
D. honesty
33. According to the author, what was the continual source of their strength? ____.
A. their mutual trust and respect
B. their personality conflicts
C. their racial and cultural differences
D. their racial and cultural similarities
34. The marriage of Gail’s parents lasted for____.
A. ten years
B. thirty-five years
C. twenty years
D. thirty years【答案与解析】
31. B ups and downs表示盛衰、起伏。此处指每对情侣在交往过程中经历的快乐与不快乐的事情。故选B。
32. C 由题干中的racial and cultural differences定位到第二段首句Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other，由此可知，他们从种族和文化差异中学会了忍耐、妥协与坦诚相对。C项“自信”并未提到。
33. A 由第三段末句The continual source of our strength was our mutual trust and respect，可直接得出答案。
34. B 由最后一段末句Gail’s parents, after thirty-five years of marriage, were going through a bitter and painful divorce，可知Gail父母的婚姻维持了35年。
Questions 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:
The first stage of culture shock is called “the honeymoon.” In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending.
Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is the “hostility stage,” You begin to notice that not everything is as good as had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.
Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression.” This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression.” This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called “isolation.” You would rather be home alone, and you don’t want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that’s what you think. The last type of defense mechanism is called “rejection.” With this coping mechanism, you think you don’t need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don’t try to ask for help.
35. In the “honeymoon” stage, ____.
A. you mainly experience the positive elements of life in a new culture
B. you are often invited by the local people to visit their homes
C. you feel that daytime becomes longer
D. you never meet any trouble in any case
36. When you are in the hostility stage, you try to feel better by ____.
A. becoming tired of many things about the new culture
B. adjusting to the new culture
C. communicating with local people
D. devising some defense mechanisms
37. Which of the following does NOT fall into defense mechanisms? ____.
A. Repression
B. Imagination
C. Isolation
D. Regression
38. One must be cautious even when occasionally using one of the defense mechanisms ____.
A. because they prevent one from making necessary adjustments to the new culture
B. because they prevent one from being easily affected by cultural differences
C. because they prevent one from protecting himself against the effects of culture shock
D. because they prevent one from finding out the advantages of other countries【答案与解析】
35. A 综合第一段内容可知，在“蜜月”阶段，你会对异域文化感到兴奋，喜欢那里的一切，感觉每个人都很友好，生活十分快乐。所以A项符合文意。
36. D 根据第三段首句Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock，可知到第二阶段，你会想出一些保护自己免受文化冲击影响的防守办法。故选D。
37. B 文章最后一段指出了四种防守办法repression、regression、isolation、rejection，故A、C、D三项正确，B项错误。
38. A 作者在讲到第三种方法“isolation”时，说到Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you，可以看出作者认为将自己与外界隔绝开不是个好办法，因为会阻碍你得到帮助。所以要谨慎地运用这些防守办法。A项“因为可能会阻碍你调整自我适应新文化”符合文意。
Questions 39 to 42 are based on the following passage:
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest university of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious discussion about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.
Should Harvard—or any other university—be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimenting with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution?
This issue was defined several years ago by Walter Lippmann, a famous Harvard graduate: “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent they must be disinterested…they are places to which men can turn for judgments which are and fair. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in political affairs and leading positions in government, their value as independent as disinterested sources of judgment are weakened…”.
This is part of the discussion that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the discussion of the militant and even many conservative students that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but active in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together.
Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and study purposes than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should discuss and resolve their problem, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is sure to influence American university and political life.
39. According to Walter Lippmann, a university must ____.
A. depend on the government
B. remain independent of our society
C. take active part in political affairs and social issues
D. fall under the control of special and private interests
40. Those who disagree with Walter Lippmann argue that a university should ____.
A. be unfair towards social and political affairs
B. not be interested in social affairs or private interests
C. serve the government
D. actively take part in solving society’s problems
41. The word “paradoxes” in the first sentence of this passage means ____.
A. a difficult problem
B. an out-of-the-ordinary condition
C. a self-contradiction
D. an unusual situation
42. According to the writer, the discussion going on at Harvard ____.
A. will soon be over
B. will have no result
C. will last for some time
D. will cause little influence on other universities【答案与解析】
39. B 根据第三段第一句This issue was defined several years ago by Walter Lippmann…they must be independent they must be disinterested，可知Lippmann认为大学应独立于社会。故选B。
40. D 第四段讲的是和Lippmann观点相反的另一方的观点：大学承载着我们的理想和道德追求，不该置身事外。而且Lippmann在第三段中谈到大学应独立于社会，不应受到政治和私人利益的控制，可推断出另一方认为大学应该积极参与到社会问题的解决当中。故选D。
41. C 由第一段首句One of the most interesting paradoxes...a university should be, and whether it is measuring up可知，paradox指的是哈佛大学作为美国最古老的高等院校，如今竟在讨论大学的功能及哈佛是否符合理想大学的标准。也就是说作者认为哈佛作为一所历史悠久的名校本应清楚地明白大学的功能，但如今却对此展开了严肃的讨论。所以推断出paradox的意思是“自相矛盾之处，悖论”。
42. C 由最后一段内容可知，如今的哈佛人对他们的政治目标、学习目标等感到不确定与困惑，内心很挣扎。哈佛人对于大学应独立于社会还是积极参与政治和社会变革的讨论的结果将会影响美国的大学和政治生活。这说明讨论还没有最终定论。故选C。
Questions 43 to 46 are based on the following passage:
You and I agree to meet at four-thirty. I show up at 4:33. I don’t say anything, because that’s close enough to satisfy our social contract. Only after five minutes do you expect me to say, “Sorry I’m late.”
At ten minutes I owe you an explanation: “the freeway exit was closed. I had to go four miles out of my way.” After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology. After forty minutes I’d better not show up at all.
That sort of thing—so formally observed and never explicitly stated—drives people from other cultures crazy. Anthropologists list the toughest things to cope with in a foreign land. Second only to language is the way we deal with time.
Now psychologists look at our view of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how long people take to answer questions.
Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesian are at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians don’t give a fig about setting their bank clocks.
Among American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. California’s “laid-back” reputation is deserved. The slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles.
Finally, we look at heart disease. That’s tricky, because other factors are involved. Our heart’s greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it.
43. In America you have to apologize sincerely if you are ____.
A. 5 minutes late
B. 20 minutes late
C. 40 minutes late
D. 10 minutes late
44. The toughest things to cope with in a foreign land are ____.
A. language and time
B. language and eating habits
C. time and work pressure
D. language and work pressure
45. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ____
A. Indonesians are too lazy to measure the accuracy of bank clocks
B. Italian people are friendlier because they give long answers to your questions
C. The pace of life in America is the fastest
D. People in California may keep a slower pace of life than in other states of America
46. What the author wants to tell us is that ____.
A. people with heart trouble should not smoke
B. time is dangerous in that sometimes it will hurt us
C. our lives should not be completely ruled by the clock
D. living by the clock in our modern life could be fatal【答案与解析】
43. B 根据第二段中After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology可知如果会面时迟到20分钟的话就必须做出严肃、完整的道歉。故选B。
44. A 根据第三段第二、三句Anthropologists list the toughest things to cope with in a foreign land. Second only to language is the way we deal with time，在国外生活第一大障碍是语言，第二大障碍是时间观念的差异。故选A。
45. D 根据文章倒数第二段Among American cities…slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles可知，在美国所有城市当中，洛杉矶市的生活节奏最慢，加利福尼亚州的居民喜欢把事情推延又是众所周知的。再加上洛杉矶是加利福尼亚州下辖城市，所以D项“加州人生活节奏可能比美国其他州慢”是正确的。
46. C 文章最后一段说到吸烟是导致心脏病的最主要原因，但其实患心脏病也与生活节奏有关。所以可以推断作者认为生活节奏快对身体健康是不利的，我们的生活不应该完全受时间掌控。C项符合文意。
Questions 47 to 50 are based on the following passage:
In 1923 the innovative Russian Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a “fresh perception of the world.” Vertov’s description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject on art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publications on art flourish, but these books and articles do not necessarily succeed in teaching us to see more deeply or more clearly. Much writing in art history advances the discourse in the field but is unlikely to inform the eye of one unfamiliar with its polemics. Films, however, with their capacity to present material visually and to reach a broader audience, have the potential to enhance visual literacy (the ability to identify the details that characterize a particular style) more effectively than publications can. Unfortunately, few of the hundred or so films on art made each year in the United States are broadcast nationally on prime-time television.
The fact that films on art are rarely seen on prime-time television may be due not only to limitations on distribution but also to the shortcomings of many such films. Some of these shortcomings can be attributed to the failure of art historians and filmmakers to collaborate closely enough when making films on art. These professionals are able, within their respective disciplines, to increase our awareness of visual forms. For close collaboration to occur, professionals in each discipline need to recognize that films on art can be both educational and entertaining, but this will require compromise on both sides.
A filmmaker who is creating a film about the work of an artist should not follow the standards set by rock videos and advertising. Filmmakers need to resist the impulse to move the camera quickly from details for fear of boring the viewers, to frame the image for the sake of drama alone, to add music for fear of silence. Filmmakers are aware that an art object demands concentration and, at the same time, are concerned that it may not be compelling enough-and so they hope to provide relief by interposing “real” scenes that bear only a tangential relationship to the subject. But a work of art needs to be explored on its own terms. On the other hand, art historians need to trust that one can indicate and analyze, not solely with words, but also by directing
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