百年哈佛经典(26-50)(套装共25册)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

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百年哈佛经典第26卷：欧洲大陆戏剧(英文原版)

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LIFE IS A DREAM

POLYEUCTE

PHÆDRA

TARTUFFE OR THE HYPOCRITE

MINNA VON BARNHELM

WILHELM TELL返回总目录LIFE IS A DREAM

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

  THE present volume aims to represent, as far as the limits of space allow, the chief dramatists of Spain, France, and Germany. To the plays included here should be added the “Faust” and “Egmont” of Goethe, printed in another volume of this series. These eight works, along with the specimens of the Elizabethan and modern English drama given in the Harvard Classics, indicate the high-water mark of dramatic production in modern times, and afford a basis for comparison with the masterpieces of the drama of antiquity as represented in the volume of “Nine Greek Dramas.”

  Pedro Calderon de la Barca was born in Madrid, January 17, 1600, of good family. He was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid and at the University of Salamanca; and a doubtful tradition says that he began to write plays at the age of thirteen. His literary activity was interrupted for ten years, 1625-1635, by military service in Italy and the Low Countries, and again for a year or more in Catalonia. In 1637 he became a Knight of the Order of Santiago, and in 1651 he entered the priesthood, rising to the dignity of Superior of the Brotherhood of San Pedro in Madrid. He held various offices in the court of Philip IV, who rewarded his services with pensions, and had his plays produced with great splendor. He died May 5, 1681.

  At the time when Calderon began to compose for the stage, the Spanish drama was at its height. Lope de Vega, the most prolific and, with Calderon, the greatest, of Spanish dramatists, was still alive; and by his applause gave encouragement to the beginner whose fame was to rival his own. The national type of drama which Lope had established was maintained in its essential characteristics by Calderon, and he produced abundant specimens of all its varieties. Of regular plays he has left a hundred and twenty; of “Autos Sacramentales,” the peculiar Spanish allegorical development of the medieval mystery, we have seventy-three; besides a considerable number of farces.

  The dominant motives in Calderon's dramas are characteristically national: fervid loyalty to Church and King, and a sense of honor heightened almost to the point of the fantastic. Though his plays are laid in a great variety of scenes and ages, the sentiment and the characters remain essentially Spanish; and this intensely local quality has probably lessened the vogue of Calderon in other countries. In the construction and conduct of his plots he showed great skill, yet the ingenuity expended in the management of the story did not restrain the fiery emotion and opulent imagination which mark his finest speeches and give them a lyric quality which some critics regard as his greatest distinction.

  Of all Calderon's works, “Life is a Dream” may be regarded as the most universal in its theme. It seeks to teach a lesson that may be learned from the philosophers and religious thinkers of many ages—that the world of our senses is a mere shadow, and that the only reality is to be found in the invisible and eternal. The story which forms its basis is Oriental in origin, and in the form of the legend of “Barlaam and Josaphat” was familiar in all the literatures of the Middle Ages. Combined with this in the plot is the tale of Abou Hassan from the “Arabian Nights,” the main situations in which are turned to farcical purposes in the Induction to the Shakespearean “Taming of the Shrew.” But with Calderon the theme is lifted altogether out of the atmosphere of comedy, and is worked up with poetic sentiment and a touch of mysticism into a symbolic drama of profound and universal philosophical significance.

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ

BASILIO      ·  ·  King of Poland.

SEGISMUND·  ·  his Son.

ASTOLFO    ·  ·  his Nephew.

ESTRELLA  ·  ·  his Niece.

CLOTALDO·  ·  a General in Basilio's Service.

ROSAURA·  ·  a Muscovite Lady.

FIFE·  ·  her Attendant.

CHAMBERLAIN, LORDS-IN-WAITING, OFFICERS, SOLDIERS,

ETC., IN BASILIO'S SERVICE.

The Scene of the first and third Acts lies on the Polish

frontier: of the second Act, in Warsaw.

ACT I

SCENE I.—A pass of rocks, over which a storm is rolling away, and the sun setting: in the foreground, half-way down, a fortress.

Enter first from the topmost rock ROSAURA, as from注1

horseback, in man's attire; and, after her, FIFE

Rosaura

THERE, four-footed Fury, blast-

  engender'd brute, without the wit

Of brute, or mouth to match the bit

Of man—art satisfied at last?

Who, when thunder roll'd aloof,

Tow'rd the spheres of fire your ears

Pricking, and the granite kicking

Into lightning with your hoof,

Among the tempest-shatter'd crags

Shattering your luckless rider

Back into the tempest pass'd?

There then lie to starve and die,

Or find another Phaeton

Mad-mettled as yourself; for I,

Wearied, worried, and for-done,

Alone will down the mountain try,

That knits his brows against the sun.

  FIFE (as to his mule). There, thou mis-begotten thing,

Long-ear'd lightning, tail'd tornado,

Griffin-hoof-in hurricano,—

(I might swear till I were almost

Hoarse with roaring Asonante)

Who forsooth because our betters

Would begin to kick and fling—

You forthwith your noble mind

Must prove, and kick me off behind,

Tow'rd the very centre whither

Gravity was most inclined.

There where you have made your bed

In it lie; for, wet or dry,

Let what will for me betide you,

Burning, blowing, freezing, hailing;

Famine waste you: devil ride you:

Tempest baste you black and blue:—

  (To Rosaura.) There! I think in downright railing

I can hold my own with you.

  ROS. Ah, my good Fife, whose merry loyal pipe,

Come weal, come woe, is never out of tune—

What, you in the same plight too?

  FIFE.      AY；

And madam—sir—hereby desire,

When you your own adventures sing

Another time in lofty rhyme,

You don't forget the trusty squire

Who went with you Don-quixoting.

  ROS. Well, my good fellow—to leave Pegasus

Who scarce can serve us than our horses worse—

They say no one should rob another of

The single satisfaction he has left

Of singing his own sorrows; one so great,

So says some great philosopher, that trouble

Were worth encount'ring only for the sake

Of weeping over—what perhaps you know

Some poet calls the ‘luxury of woe.’

  FIFE. Had I the poet or philosopher

In the place of her that kick'd me off to ride,

I'd test his theory upon his hide.

But no bones broken, madam—sir, I mean?—

  ROS. A scratch here that a handkerchief will heal—

And you?—

  FIFE.      A scratch in quiddity, or kind:

But not in ‘quo’—my wounds are all behind.

But, as you say, to stop this strain,

Which, somehow, once one's in the vein,

Comes clattering after—there again!—

What are we twain—deuce take't!—we two,

I mean, to do—drench'd through and through—

Oh, I shall choke of rhymes, which I believe

Are all that we shall have to live on here.

  ROS. What, is our victual gone too?—

  FIFE.Ay, that brute

Has carried all we had away with her,

Clothing, and cate, and all.

  ROS.And now the sun,

Our only friend and guide, about to sink

Under the stage of earth.

  FIFE.And enter Night,

With Capa y Espada—and—pray heaven!—

With but her lanthorn also.

  ROS.Ah, I doubt

To-night, if any, with a dark one—or

Almost burnt out after a month's consumption.

Well! well or ill, on horseback or afoot,

This is the gate that lets me into Poland;

And, sorry welcome as she gives a guest

Who writes his own arrival on her rocks

In his own blood—

Yet better on her stony threshold die,

Than live on unrevenged in Muscovy.

  FIFE. Oh, what a soul some women have—I mean

Some men—

  ROS.      Oh, Fife, Fife, as you love me, Fife,

Make yourself perfect in that little part,

Or all will go to ruin!

  FIFE.          Oh, I will,

Please God we find some one to try it on.

But, truly, would not any one believe

Some fairy had exchanged us as we lay

Two tiny foster-children in one cradle?

  ROS. Well, be that as it may, Fife, it reminds me

Of what perhaps I should have thought before,

But better late than never—You know I love you,

As you, I know, love me, and loyally

Have follow'd me thus far in my wild venture.

Well! now then—having seen me safe thus far—

Safe if not wholly sound—over the rocks

Into the country where my business lies—

Why should not you return the way we came,

The storm all clear'd away, and, leaving me

(Who now shall want you, though not thank you, less,

Now that our horses gone) this side the ridge,

Find your way back to dear old home again;

While I—Come, come!—

What, weeping my poor fellow?—

  FIFE.Leave you here

Alone—my Lady—Lord! I mean my Lord—

In a strange country—among savages—

Oh, now I know—you would be rid of me

For fear my stumbling speech—

  ROS.Oh, no, no, no!—

I want you with me for a thousand sakes

To which that is as nothing—I myself

More apt to let the secret out myself

Without your help at all—Come, come, cheer up!

And if you sing again, ‘Come weal, come woe,’

Let it be that; for we will never part

Until you give the signal.

  FIFE.          'Tis a bargain.

  ROS. Now to begin, then. ‘Follow, follow me,‘You fairy elves that be.’

  FIFE.          Ay, and go on—

Something of ‘following darkness like a dream,’

For that we're after.

  ROS.          No, after the sun;

Trying to catch hold of his glittering skirts

That hang upon the mountain as he goes.

  FIFE. Ah, he's himself past catching—as you spoke

He heard what you were saying, and—just so—

Like some scared water-bird,

As we say in my country, dōve below.

  ROS. Well, we must follow him as best we may

Poland is no great country, and, as rich

In men and means, will but few acres spare

To lie beneath her barrier mountains bare.

We cannot, I believe, be very far

From mankind or their dwellings.

  FIFE.                            Send it so!

And well provided for man, woman, and beast.

No, not for beast. Ah, but my heart begins

To yearn for her—

  ROS.        Keep close, and keep your feet

From serving you as hers did.

  FIFE.                    As for beasts,

If in default of other entertainment,

We should provide them with ourselves to eat—

Bears, lions, wolves—

  ROS.Oh, never fear.

  FIFE.Or else

Default of other beasts, beastlier men,

Cannibals, Anthropophagi, bare Poles

Who never knew a tailor but by taste.

  ROS. Look, look! Unless my fancy misconceive

With twilight—down among the rocks there, Fife—

Some human dwelling, surely—

Or think you but a rock torn from the rocks

In some convulsion like to-day's, and perch'd

Quaintly among them in mock-masonry?

  FIFE. Most likely that, I doubt.

  ROS.No, no—for look!

A square of darkness opening in it—

  FIFE.Oh,

I don't half like such openings!—

  ROS.Like the loom

Of night from which she spins her outer gloom—

  FIFE. Lord, Madam, pray forbear this tragic vein

In such a time and place—

  ROS.And now again

Within that square of darkness, look! a light

That feels its way with hesitating pulse,

As we do, through the darkness that it drives

To blacken into deeper night beyond.

  FIFE. In which could we follow that light's example,

As might some English Bardolph with his nose,

We might defy the sunset—Hark, a chain!

  ROS. And now a lamp, a lamp! And now the hand

That carries it.

  FIFE.        Oh, Lord! that dreadful chain!

  ROS. And now the bearer of the lamp; indeed

As strange as any in Arabian tale,

So giant-like, and terrible, and grand,

Spite of the skin he's wrapt in.

  FIFE.Why, 'tis his own:

Oh, 'tis some wild man of the woods; I've heard

They build and carry torches—

  ROS.Never Ape

Bore such a brow before the heavens as that—

Chain'd as you say too!—

  FIFE.Oh, that dreadful chain!

  ROS. And now he sets the lamp down by his side,

And with one hand clench'd in his tangled hair

And with a sigh as if his heart would break—

［During this SEGISMUND has entered from the

fortress, with a torch.

   SEGISMUND. Once more the storm has roar'd itself away,

Splitting the crags of God as it retires;

But sparing still what it should only blast,

This guilty piece of human handiwork,

And all that are within it. Oh, how oft,

How oft, within or here abroad, have I

Waited, and in the whisper of my heart

Pray'd for the slanting hand of heaven to strike

The blow myself I dared not, out of fear

Of that Hereafter, worse, they say, than here,

Plunged headlong in, but, till dismissal waited,

To wipe at last all sorrow from men's eyes,

And make this heavy dispensation clear.

Thus have I borne till now, and still endure,

Crouching in sullen impotence day by day,

Till some such out-burst of the elements

Like this rouses the sleeping fire within;

And standing thus upon the threshold of

Another night about to close the door

Upon one wretched day to open it

On one yet wretcheder because one more;—

Once more, you savage heavens, I ask of you—

I, looking up to those relentless eyes

That, now the greater lamp is gone below,

Begin to muster in the listening skies;

In all the shining circuits you have gone

About this theatre of human woe,

What greater sorrow have you gazed upon

Than down this narrow chink you witness still;

And which, did you yourselves not fore-devise,

You registered for others to fulfil!

  FIFE. This is some Laureate at a birthday ode;

No wonder we went rhyming.

  ROS.Hush! And now

See, starting to his feet, he strides about

Far as his tether'd steps—

  SEG.And if the chain

You help'd to rivet round me did contract

Since guiltless infancy from guilt in act;

Of what in aspiration or in thought

Guilty, but in resentment of the wrong

That wreaks revenge on wrong I never wrought

By excommunication from the free

Inheritance that all created life,

Beside myself, is born to—from the wings

That range your own immeasurable blue,

Down to the poor, mute, scale-imprison'd things,

That yet are free to wander, glide, and pass

About that under-sapphire, whereinto

Yourselves transfusing you yourselves englass!

  ROS. What mystery is this?

  FIFE.Why, the man's mad:

That's all the mystery. That's why he's chain'd—

And why—

  SEG.      Nor Nature's guiltless life alone—

But that which lives on blood and rapine; nay,

Charter'd with larger liberty to slay

Their guiltless kind, the tyrants of the air

Soar zenith-upward with their screaming prey,

Making pure heaven drop blood upon the stage

Of under earth, where lion, wolf, and bear,

And they that on their treacherous velvet wear注2

Figure and constellation like your own,

With their still living slaughter bound away

Over the barriers of the mountain cage,

Against which one, blood-guiltless, and endued

With aspiration and with aptitude

Transcending other creatures, day by day

Beats himself mad with unavailing rage!

  FIFE. Why, that must be the meaning of my mule's

Rebellion—

  ROS.      Hush!

  SEG.            But then if murder be

The law by which not only conscience-blind

Creatures, but man too prospers with his kind;

Who leaving all his guilty fellows free,

Under your fatal auspice and divine

Compulsion, leagued in some mysterious ban

Against one innocent and helpless man,

Abuse their liberty to murder mine:

And sworn to silence, like their masters mute

In heaven, and like them twirling through the mask

Of darkness, answering to all I ask,

Point up to them whose work they execute!

  ROS. Ev'n as I thought, some poor unhappy wretch,

By man wrong'd, wretched, unrevenged, as I!

Nay, so much worse than I, as by those chains

Clipt of the means of self-revenge on those

Who lay on him what they deserve. And I,

Who taunted Heaven a little while ago

With pouring all its wrath upon my head—

Alas! like him who caught the cast-off husk

Of what another bragg'd of feeding on,

Here's one that from the refuse of my sorrows

Could gather all the banquet he desires!

Poor soul, poor soul!

  FIFE.          Speak lower—he will hear you.

  ROS. And if he should, what then? Why, if he would,

He could not harm me—Nay, and if he could,

Methinks I'd venture something of a life

I care so little for—

  SEG. Who's that? Clotaldo? Who are you, I say,

That, venturing in these forbidden rocks,

Have lighted on my miserable life,

And your own death?

  ROS.            You would not hurt me, surely?

  SEG. Not I; but those that, iron as the chain

In which they slay me with a lingering death,

Will slay you with a sudden—Who are you?

  ROS. A stranger from across the mountain there,

Who, having lost his way in this strange land

And coming night, drew hither to what seem'd

A human dwelling hidden in these rocks,

And where the voice of human sorrow soon

Told him it was so.

  SEG.          Ay? But nearer—nearer—

That by this smoky supplement of day

But for a moment I may see who speaks

So pitifully sweet.

  FIFE.        Take care! take care!

  ROS. Alas, poor man, that I, myself so helpless,

Could better help you than by barren pity,

And my poor presence—

  SEG.Oh, might that be all!

But that—a few poor moments—and, alas!

The very bliss of having, and the dread

Of losing, under such a penalty

As every moment's having runs more near,

Stifles the very utterance and resource

They cry for quickest; till from sheer despair

Of holding thee, methinks myself would tear

To pieces—

  FIFE.    There, his word's enough for it.

  SEG. Oh, think, if you who move about at will,

And live in sweet communion with your kind,

After an hour lost in these lonely rocks

Hunger and thirst after some human voice

To drink, and human face to feed upon;

What must one do where all is mute, or harsh,

And ev'n the naked face of cruelty

Were better than the mask it works beneath?—

Across the mountain then! Across the mountain!

What if the next world which they tell one of

Be only next across the mountain then,

Though I must never see it till I die,

And you one of its angels?

  ROS.Alas; alas!

No angel! And the face you think so fair,

'Tis but the dismal frame-work of these rocks

That makes it seem so; and the world I come from—

Alas, alas, too many faces there

Are but fair vizors to black hearts below,

Or only serve to bring the wearer woe!

But to yourself—If haply the redress

That I am here upon may help to yours.

I heard you tax the heavens with ordering,

And men for executing, what, alas!

I now behold. But why, and who they are

Who do, and you who suffer—

  SEG. (pointing upwards).    Ask of them,

Whom, as to-night, I have so often ask'd,

And ask'd in vain.

  ROS.But surely, surely—

  SEG.Hark!

The trumpet of the watch to shut us in.

Oh, should they find you!—Quick! Behind the rocks!

To-morrow—if to-morrow—

  ROS. (flinging her sword toward him). Take my sword!

ROSAURA and FIFE hide in the rocks; Enter CLOTALDO

  CLOTALDO. These stormy days you like to see the last of

Are but ill opiates, Segismund, I think,

For night to follow: and to-night you seem

More than your wont disorder'd. What! A sword!

Within there!

  Enter SOLDIERS with black vizors and torches

  FIFE.      Here's a pleasant masquerade!

  CLO. Whosever watch this was

Will have to pay head-reckoning. Meanwhile,

This weapon had a wearer. Bring him here,

Alive or dead.

  SEG.      Clotaldo! good Clotaldo!—

  CLO. (to Soldiers who enclose Segismund; others searching the rocks).  You know your duty.

  SOLDIERS (bringing in Rosaura and Fife). Here are two of them,

Whoever more to follow—

  CLO.Who are you,

That in defiance of know proclamation

Are found, at night-fall too, about this place?

  FIFE. Oh, my Lord, she—I mean he—

  ROS.Silence, Fife,

And let me speak for both.—Two foreign men,

To whom your country and its proclamations

Are equally unknown; and had we known,

Ourselves not masters of our lawless beasts

That, terrified by the storm among your rocks,

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