作者：董晓航
出版社：暨南大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
服装行业英语（21世纪应用型本科教育行业英语系列教材）试读：
前言
2002年教育部启动新世纪大学英语教学改革，并于2007年颁布了《大学英语课程教学要求》。在该教学文件的指导下，大学英语课程教学改革与建设蓬勃发展，取得了令人瞩目的成绩：创建出以现代信息技术，特别是网络技术为支撑的教学模式，确立了学生在教学过程中的主体地位，开设了资源共享的大学英语学习网站和自主学习视听说学习中心，使英语学习朝着个性化和自主式学习的方向发展；课程内容体系也开始向综合英语类、语言技能类、语言应用类、语言文化类和专业英语类的必修课程和选修课程相结合的方向扩展。
在过去的10年中，许多地方应用型本科院校的大学英语课程建设经历了从专科教育向本科教育的过渡，在师资队伍建设、教学文件建设、教学内容体系和教学方法的改革等方面都取得了比较显著的成效。但是，目前大多数院校把教学内容定位在基础英语上，把教学目标定位在大学英语四级考试合格率上。显然，这样的教学目标与地方院校应用型人才的培养目标和社会需求是不完全吻合的。地方高校大学英语教学深化改革面临的重大研究课题应该是：根据应用型人才的培养目标和社会需求扩展课程内容体系，做到辅助专业，注重实用，面向社会，服务行业。开发应用型本科教育行业英语教材正是基于上述的分析和改革的需要，目的是培养学生在涉外职场环境下使用英语进行交际的能力，为提升就业竞争力及未来的可持续发展打下必要的基础。
本系列教材的开发是通过与专业课教师的积极合作，针对应用型本科院校大学英语开设拓展课程的教学需要进行设计的，其突出特色是：（1）突出相关行业职场交际所需要的英语知识与技能的训练，注重交际语言和技能的实用性、通用性、时效性、典型性和可模拟性。（2）选用的材料反映该行业的发展史及其在技术应用方面的最新或重大成果。听说材料与职场情景密切相关，简短精练；阅读文章的题材以涉外职场交际需求为主线，体裁多样化，包括行业人物访谈、行业发展趋势与动向、企业或公司简介、新产品/技术引进与开发介绍等，既体现行业涉外交际的需要，又生动有趣；选用的应用文体现职业需求，简短典型，易读易模拟。（3）练习的设计体现以完成职场任务为导向和引导学生主体参与的教学理念，充分利用group work, pair work, discussion, presentation, project, survey report等学习方式，使练习体现职业性、实践性、交际性和协作性，不仅能为学生创造参与课堂活动的机会，还能指导他们在相关企业的学习和实践，以完成group project，survey report等学习任务。
本系列教材的每册书包括八个单元，每个单元由五部分组成，即单元目标（Unit Objectives）、听与说（Let's Listen and Talk）、读与写（Let's Read and Write）、职场项目（Workplace Project）、职场沙龙（Career Salon）。本书单元后还附有学习伴侣部分，详细说明了该单元的背景知识、语法知识和词汇。书后还附有练习答案、参考译文、听力会话和短文的文字材料及光盘。
本书以服装行业为背景，涉及的题材有服装的起源与功能、流行与时尚、服装设计师、服装文化、服装零售与服装品牌、服装进出口、服装CAD。
本系列教材的总主编是韶关学院外语学院的安晓灿教授和中原工学院外国语学院的郭万群教授；服装行业英语是由中原工学院外国语学院与服装学院合作完成，主编是中原工学院外国语学院的董晓航和服装学院的刘娟，副主编是外国语学院的蒋丽霞；编者有张玲（第一、七单元）、蒋丽霞（第二、四单元）、董晓航（第三单元）、王哲（第五、六单元）、刘娟（第八单元）。
本系列教材的开发是一次大胆的尝试，目的是推进应用型本科教育大学英语课程的改革与建设，其中难免存在不当和疏漏之处，敬请使用者批评指正。编者2015年3月Unit 1Costume Changes【答案链接】Unit Objectives● Learn the concept of clothing and its changes● Learn about the function of clothing and its styles● Learn to write a letter of establishing business relationshipsLet's Listen and TalkListeningSituation 1 Talking about DressingTask 1
Listen to a conversation and tick the questions the man asked.
□ 1. Do university students in Taiwan dress like the students you see here?
□ 2. What styles are popular in your country? And what colour?
□ 3. Why are you still surprised?
□ 4. Do you think I look fashionable in this dress?
□ 5. Why do you think clothing styles were even sloppier twenty years ago?
□ 6. Are clothing styles more conservative now?
□ 7. Did hippies dress in very casual ways?
□ 8. Would you like to come to Taipei for a visit?Task 2
Listen to the conversation again and complete the following sentences.
Jonathan: So, do university students in Taiwan dress like the students you see here?
Sophie: Yes, it's similar. But I'm still surprised.
Jonathan: Why?
Sophie: It's even more 1 here. In Taiwan, clothing styles used to be more formal. But now people are dressing more like Americans, more 2 .
Jonathan: Actually, now people dress a little better than before.
Sophie: Really?
Jonathan: Yes, twenty years ago, for example, clothing styles were even sloppier.
Sophie: Why do you think that was?
Jonathan: Well, you know about the 1960s in America, there was a kind of social 3 . There were many hippies.
Sophie: Yes, I know about the hippies. It was a movement of people who 4 capitalist society.
Jonathan: The hippies dressed in very casual ways. And they 5 all the later generations, so clothes were more casual. If you look at clothing styles in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, you will see they are 6 to the style of the hippies. But now, styles have changed a little.
Sophie: Maybe they are more conservative now.
Jonathan: I don't know if conservative is the right word. They are just different.
Sophie: Well, if you have a 7 , I'd be happy to have you stay at our place in Taipei.
Jonathan: I'd like to go sometime. I'd like to see how women dress there.
Sophie: I think you'd have a good time there.
Jonathan: That's a very 8 offer.Situation 2 Talking about the Importance of ClothesTask 3
Listen to a passage and answer the following questions
1. Why do clothes play a critical part in our life?
2. What can we infer from the clothes people wear?
3. What influences do conservative dresses have on newscasters?
4. How do college students view clothing on important social occasions?
5. Can clothing help people in a stressful situation?Task 4
Listen to the passage with some blanks for you to fill in.
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, 1 , mood and social outlook.
People 2 to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the 3 of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest and 4 when they are dressed 5 . And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their 6 relationships say they are 7 about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate 8 in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain 9 when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job 10 , or a court appearance.SpeakingSituation 3 Choosing a Suitable Outfit
Sample Dialogue 1
Riley: Alright, tell me what you think.
Jackson: Don't you think it's a bit bright?
Riley: Yeah, maybe you're right. How about this outfit?
Jackson: The dress looks lovely on you, but it's not very practical, is it?
Riley: No, I don't have any plans to go to a formal dance any time soon, but I love the way it looks. I just have to try it on! What do you think of this? It's casual, yet sophisticated.
Jackson: I like the jeans, but you need something to go with the top. It's too plain on its own.
Riley: How about this scarf, these earrings, and an anklet?
Jackson: That might be going overboard a bit. How about just that scarf with a bracelet?
Riley: That's a good idea. You have a lot of good fashion sense.
Jackson: Thanks. You'd be OK on your own. There are loads of fashion victims out there, and you are not one of them. Have you tried it on yet?
Riley: Yep. Here it is. What do you think?
Jackson: That looks great. Just one more thing—you need some high heels with those jeans. Do you want a pair with a plain pattern or ones with a leopard print on them?
Riley: The leopard print sounds fabulous. Are they a name brand?
Jackson: No, they're a Prada knock-off for 1/10 of the price of the real thing.
Riley: That's even better than the real thing.
Jackson: If I were you, I'd buy that now while it's on sale. If you spend more than $100, you get a $50 voucher for more clothes.
Riley: It's so bad I did all that shopping yesterday!Task 5
Pair work. Start a conversation with your partner according to the situation:
Mary will attend a cocktail party tonight. She is talking about the clothes for the party with her friend Jimmy.Situation 4 Dressing for Your Job
Sample Dialogue 2
Mary： Even if our company didn't have a dress code, I still think people should wear formal clothing to work.
Tom: I wouldn't be so sure… People want to wear what they feel most comfortable in.
Mary: Maybe that's true for some positions, but I think the marketing and sales staff would definitely not agree. They dress for success! You can't go out on a sales call if you are dressed in jeans. It's just not respectful to your client.
Tom: I think what you wear is so overrated. I would rather have a down-to-earth, honest and solid sales person than a painted, patent leather, designer suite salesman.
Mary: It's not as simple as that. People judge you by your appearance, whether you like it or not. So dressing professionally is being professional. The image that you portray to others is so important in business. It's your image and how others perceive you that makes the difference between landing and losing a sale.
Tom: Maybe you're right, but I'll take my sneakers and jeans every day!Task 6
Pair work. Role-play a talk with your partner according to the situation：
Lisa has a new job. She is talking with Betty about the appropriate way of dressing for work.Let's Read and WriteReadingTask 7
Read Passage 1 and then work in pairs to speak out the common expressions given in brackets.
1. Clothes ____________ （增强安全感）during activity by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment.
2. Outside of their purely functional purpose, clothes often play an important ____________ （社会和文化作用）.
3. Finally, clothing functions as a form of adornment and an expression of ____________ （个人品位和风格）.
4. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses, canes and umbrellas) are normally considered as ____________ （时尚配件） rather than clothing.
5. One of the primary purposes of clothing is to____________ （保暖） or in some cases cool.
6. Clothes also ____________ （降低风险程度） during an activity, such as work or sport.
7. ____________ （服装的面料）deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts.
8. Western fashion has, to some extent, become ____________ （国际时尚）, as western media and styles penetrate all parts of the world.Passage 1 On ClothingA feature of nearly all human societies is the wearing of clothing or clothes, a categoryencompassing[包括] a wide variety of materials that cover the body. The primary purpose of clothing is functional, as a protection from the elements[恶劣天气]. Clothes enhance safety during activity by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothing also acts as a hygienic[卫生的] barrier, keeping toxins[毒素] away from the body and limiting the transmission of bacteria and viruses. Outside of their purely functional purpose, clothes often play an important social and cultural role. Most societies develop norms[规范] about modesty, religious practices, behavioral appropriateness, social status, and even political affiliations[关联] in which clothes play an important role. Finally, clothing functions as a form of adornment and an expression of personal taste or style.Throughout history, clothes have been made of materials ranging from natural grasses and furs to elaborate and exotic[奇异的] synthetic[合成的] compounds. Some recent scientific research estimates that humans have been wearing clothing for as long as 650,000 years.Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses, canes and umbrellas) are normally considered as fashion accessories rather than clothing, but hats and small dress sweaters can be called either clothing or accessories. Jewelry and glasses are usually considered as accessories as well, even though in common speech these particular items are described as being worn rather than carried.Functions of ClothingOne of the primary purposes of clothing is to keep the wearer warm or in some cases cool. In hot climates this function is minimal, while in very cold climates it is more important. Shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing. For example, coats, hats, gloves, shoes, socks, and other superficial layers would normally be removed when entering a warm home, particularly if one is residing or sleeping there. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones.Clothing at times is worn as protection from specific environmental hazards, such as insects, noxious[有害的] chemicals, weapons and abrasive[腐蚀的] substances. Clothing can protect against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes act as protection from the elements, including rain, snow and wind and other weather conditions, even from the sun. Clothes also reduce the level of risk during an activity, such as work or sport. Conversely, clothing may protect the environment from the clothing wearer, for example the wearing of medical scrubs.Origin and History of ClothingAccording to archaeologists[考古学家] and anthropologists[人类学家], the earliest clothing is likely composed of fur, leather, leaves or grass which were draped[悬挂], wrapped or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential[推论的], since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts[手工艺品]. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenski, Russia in 1988.Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated around 107,000 years ago. Body lice is an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse[稀疏的] body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive. Their research suggests the invention of clothing may have coincided with the northward migration of modern Homo sapiens away from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, a second group of researchers using similar genetic methods estimate that clothing originated around 540,000 years ago. For now, the date of the origin of clothing remains unresolved.Contemporary Clothing StylesIn the thousands of years that humans have spent constructing clothing, they have created an astonishing array[一系列] of styles, many of which we can reconstruct from surviving garments[（一件）衣服], photos, paintings, mosaics, etc., as well as from written descriptions. Costume history serves as a source of inspiration to current fashion designers, as well as a topic of professional interest to costumers constructing for plays, films, television and historical reenactment[再次扮演].Western fashion has, to some extent, become international fashion, as western media and styles penetrate all parts of the world. Fast fashion clothing is widespread worldwide. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced western clothing. Used clothing from western countries also reach people in poor countries.People may wear ethnic[民族的] or national dress on special occasions or in certain roles or occupations. For example, most Korean men and women have adopted western-style dress for daily wear, but will still wear traditional hanboks on special occasions, like weddings and cultural holidays.Task 8
Read the passage again and supply the missing words or expressions to complete the following statements in pairs.
1. Clothing acts as a protective screen to keep bacteria and viruses away from the body and limit their ____________.
2. History witnessed the evolvement of clothes materials, ranging from natural grasses and furs to elaborate and exotic ____________.
3. Climate and shelter have great influence on the function of clothing, so do other factors like ____________.
4. Clothing not only protects people from environmental hazards, but also____________ from the clothing wearer on the contrary.
5. Scientists have conducted a genetic analysis of which estimates the approximate date of the origin of clothing.
6. People choose western-style clothing in their daily life, but wear ____________ on special occasions or in certain roles or occupations.Task 9
Work in groups and discuss the following questions.
1. What's the primary purpose of clothing?
2. In what aspects do clothes play an important social and cultural role?
3. What materials have been used for making clothes throughout history?
4. When did people start wearing clothes?
5. When will people wear ethnic or national dresses?Task 10
Read the sentences taken from Passage 1 and work in groups to translate them into Chinese.
1. A feature of nearly all human societies is the wearing of clothing or clothes, a category encompassing a wide variety of materials that cover the body.
____________________________
2. Clothing also acts as a hygienic barrier, keeping toxins away from the body and limiting the transmission of bacteria and viruses.
____________________________
3. Jewelry and glasses are usually considered as accessories as well, even though in common speech these particular items are described as being worn rather than carried.
____________________________
4. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones.
____________________________
5. Western fashion has, to some extent, become international fashion, as western media and styles penetrate all parts of the world.
____________________________Task 11
Work in pairs to complete the statements with the information from Passage 2.
1. Before the Second World War, one of the criteria that people used to judge each other was their ____________ or the quality of their clothing.
2. ____________ should bear certain responsibility for changing the criteria which people used to buy garments.
3. The reason why people prefer five cheap shirts rather than one top quality shirt is that they don't understand ____________.
4. Most of us know first impressions matter and cheap clothing is not as impressive as ____________ to those who are familiar with the difference.
5. The appropriate clothing which stands out for quality can create ____________ like a decent overcoat, a decent suit or a decent shirt.Passage 2 The Importance of Good ClothesOne of the strangest social or cultural phenomena since the Second World War is the change in criteria which people use to buy garments. For thousands of years before then, individuals wanted the best possible clothing that they could afford and one of the criteria that they used to judge each other was their dress sense or the quality of their clothing.This all started to change in the 1970s when it became more important to not be seen wearing the same item too frequently, so it became more desirable to have five cheap shirts that would not last long than to have one top quality shirt that would last for years. How did this shift in principles come to pass?The most obvious section to blame are the fashion designers (or their imitators[模仿者]) and the advertisers. People without much money to spend on clothes do not want to be seen in the same blue shirt on every other occasion, they would rather have several colours, but perhaps these people do not understand the difference in the quality.The quality of one's clothing is vital as most women and about half as many men know. First impressions matter and bright and cheerful (but cheap) is not as impressive to those who are familiar with the difference as quality.To those people who say that the person ought to matter more than the clothing, I would say “Yes, in a perfect world. One day, but it is not the way it works now.” Why do individuals dress up for a date, and particularly the first date? Why do individuals dress up for an interview? Why do individuals dress up to go to court?It is because clothing matters and first impressions matter, and deep down, we all know it even though most of us wish that it did not count so much.First of all, it is important to find a style that suits you. Then you should buy pieces of clothing that are good examples of that style. They will not be cheap, but is a Hell's Angel's leather jacket cheap? Absolutely not. Whatever niche[用户群] you think you fit into or would like to fit into, buy the appropriate clothing to stand out for quality.I am not saying that individuals have to dress appropriate to their age group; I am saying that people should dress appropriate to the upper echelons[阶层] of their niche group. If you would like to be a Hell's Angel, get one of the best leather jackets and if you want to work in an office, get yourself a good suit. Just because if you cannot see the difference between a cheap one and a decent one, it does not mean that your peers cannot as well.You just have so much scope to modify your physical appearance, but you can still create a big impression by wearing quality clothing like a decent overcoat, a decent suit, a good cardigan or a decent shirt. The people who know the difference will notice and it will not damage your prospects.Task 12
Read the passage again and work in pairs to translate the expressions into Chinese or English.________1. cultural phenomena________社会现象________2. buy garments________出售服装________3. dress sense________优雅的感觉________4. age group
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