作者：圣才电子书
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清华大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2008年清华大学考博英语真题及详解
Part I Vocabulary (20%)
Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have ______ supplies of petroleum.
A. sufficient
B. efficient
C. potential
D. proficient【答案】A【解析】句意：欧盟的国家曾担心会缺乏足够的石油供应。sufficient足够的。efficient有效的。potential有潜力的。proficient精通的。
2.We’d like to ______ a table for five for dinner this evening.
A. preserve
B. reserve
C. sustain
D. retain【答案】B【解析】句意：我们想预订晚餐餐桌，五个人的。reserve预订。preserve保护。sustain维持。retain保留。
3. Britain has the highest ______ of road traffic in the world-over 60 cars for every mile of road.
A. popularity
B. prosperity
C. intensity
D. density【答案】D【解析】句意：英国是世界上交通密度最大的国家，每英里的路上有超过60辆的车。density密度。popularity普及。prosperity兴旺，繁荣。intensity强度。
4. I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.
A. sought for
B. accounted for
C. turned up
D. resorted to【答案】D【解析】句意：如果不是因为太绝望无助，我是不会诉诸法律的。resort to诉诸。sought for寻找。account for说明（原因）；（在数量方面）占。turn up朝上翻；出现,来到；发生。
5.The energy ______ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.
A. transferred
B. released
C. conveyed
D. delivered【答案】B【解析】句意：连锁反应所释放的能量被转化为热量。release释放，发布。transfer迁移，调动。deliver递送，引渡。convey传达，搬动。
6. It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protect the ______ silk from damage.
A. sensitive
B. sensible
C. tender
D. delicate【答案】D【解析】句意：按要求应该非常小心地保护精致的丝绸制品不受损害。delicate精致的，细软的；微妙的。sensitive敏感的。sensible可感觉的；明智的。tender温和的，亲切的。
7. To our ______ , Geoffrey’ s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A. relief
B. view
C. anxiety
D. judgment【答案】A【解析】句意：终于松了一口气，Geoffrey的病情并没有我们想象的那么严重。relief减轻；救济。view见解；风景。anxiety担心，焦虑。judgment判断。
8. The government will take some action to ______ the two big quarreling companies.
A. jigsaw
B. jot
C. impulse
D. reconcile【答案】D【解析】句意：政府会采取措施协调这两大公司的矛盾的。reconcile调停，使协调。jigsaw用竖锯锯。jot匆匆记下；一点儿。impulse冲动。
9. As automation became popular in most factories, labor was made ______ .
A. disincentive
B. redundant
C. diverse
D. discontent【答案】B【解析】句意：随着大多数工厂里自动化的普及，劳动力开始过剩。redundant过剩的，多余的。disincentive妨碍活动的，不利诱因的。diverse不同的。discontent不满的。
10.They have ______ her unreasonable request for her annual salary.
A. destined
B. chorded
C. repelled
D. commenced【答案】C【解析】句意：他们已经拒绝了她对年薪提出的不合理的要求。repell击退，推开，防。destine注定，命定。chord使协调。commence开始着手。
11. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite ______ qualified sources of information and examples.
A. unbiased
B. manipulated
C. distorted
D. conveyed【答案】A【解析】句意：当你准备演讲时，一定要注意引用不带偏见的合格的信息和例子。unbiased没有偏见的，公正的。manipulated操纵的。distorted受到曲解的。conveyed传达（信息）的。
12. It is apparent that winning the scholarship is ______ of one’s intelligence in the field of physics.
A. parallelism
B. alliteration
C. testimony
D. rhythm【答案】C【解析】句意：很显然，在物理研究领域，奖学金是智商的铁证。testimony证据。parallelism平行；比喻。alliteration头韵。rhythm节奏，韵律。
13. In court he repeated his ______ that he was not guilty in front of the jury.
A. impressions
B. alliterations
C. clauses
D. assertions【答案】D【解析】句意：在法庭上，他一遍又一遍地对陪审团说他没有罪。assertion主张。impression印象。alliteration头韵。clause条款；从句。
14. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of ______
business.
A. stale
B. slack
C. ferrous
D. abundant【答案】B【解析】句意：购物中心在短期的经济萧条时期会占一些优势。slack松弛的；不景气的。stale不新鲜的，陈腐的。ferrous含铁的。abundant丰富的。从suffer from可以看出空格内应是贬义词，所以不选D项。
15. According to the Geneva ______ no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.
A. Customs
B. Congresses
C. Conventions
D. Routines【答案】C【解析】句意：根据日内瓦公约，不准虐待战犯。convention公约。custom定制；习俗；海关（通常作复数）。congress国会。routine例程。
16. Before the general election many senior citizens signed the ______ against the spreading of nuclear arms.
A. contract
B. petition
C. supplication
D. potential【答案】B【解析】句意：在大选开始之前，很多年长的公民签了请愿书，反对核武器扩散。petition请愿书。contract合约。supplication恳求，哀求。potential潜力。
17. Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to ______ plant life.
A. adapt
B. personalize
C. sustain
D. describe【答案】C【解析】句意：科学家们相信月球的大气层中没有可以维持植被存活的足够的氧气。sustain维持。adapt适应。personalize人性化。describe描述。
18. I can’t remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty ______ .
A. estimating
B. devastating
C. reprocessing
D. preferring【答案】B【解析】句意：我记不得到底是什么引起了那次爆炸，但是那次爆炸破坏性很强。devastating破坏性的，灾难性的。estimating估算的。reprocessing回收的。preferring偏爱的。
19. The industry has pumped ______ amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.
A. potential
B. substantial
C. massive
D. traditional【答案】B【解析】句意：工厂已经在政治活动中投入了大量的钱，但这只使得政治家们越来越不明智地处理这件事情。substantial大量的；实质的。potential潜在的。massive巨大的；块状的。traditional传统的。
20. I was entrusted to ______ to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.
A. contribute
B. detract
C. convert
D. entail【答案】A【解析】句意：我受委托给一家报纸投稿，做新年的预报工作。contribute投稿。detract减去。convert使转变。entail使必需。
21. After 1989,the external ______ vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.
A. disruption
B. menace
C. liability
D. emergence【答案】B【解析】句意：1989年以后，外在的威胁消失了，但是美国文明面临的危险仍然存在。menace威胁。disruption破坏。liability责任。emergency紧急情况。
22. The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the ______ by various means.
A. flight
B. plight
C. delight
D. twilight【答案】B【解析】句意：政府正在尝试通过各种途径帮助这些企业摆脱困境。plight困境。flight飞行。delight高兴。twilight黎明。
23. An archaeologist has to pay much attention to ______ details of an unearthed object.
A. miserable
B. minus
C. minute
D. moist【答案】C【解析】句意：考古学家必须密切关注挖掘出来的物件的各个微小的细节。minute微小的；会议记录。miserable悲惨的，痛苦的。minus减去。moist潮湿的。
24. The girl ______ her tablemate’s arm to see if she was fast asleep at class.
A. pinched
B. punched
C. pitched
D. preached【答案】A【解析】句意：小女孩掐她同桌的手臂，想看看她是否在课堂上熟睡了。pinch掐。punch以拳重击。pitch投掷。preach讲道。
25. Most of the local people involved in the affair have been ______ and dismissed.
A. smuggled
B. prosecuted
C. saluted
D. thrived【答案】B【解析】句意：大多数涉案的当地人都被告发，然后又被遣散。prosecute起诉。smuggle走私。salute敬礼。thrive兴旺，繁荣。
26. I can respect someone who is ______ for their actions, but I cannot respect someone
who is always pointing the finger.
A. millennium
B. dominant
C. accountable
D. commercial【答案】C【解析】句意：我可以尊敬那些对他们自己的行为负责任的人，但是我没法尊敬那些总是用手指指着别人的人。accountable负责任的。millennium千禧年。dominant占优势的。commercial商业的。
27. All the products made in China are sold and distributed in ______ with the U. S Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.
A. compliance
B. prosperity
C. merchandise
D. intersection【答案】A【解析】句意：中国制造的所有产品的销售和分配都遵照美国出口管理规定和当地的法规。compliance遵从。prosperity兴旺。merchandise商品。intersection十字路口。
28. One of the main reasons is that the university’s ______ attracts students and faculty staff all over the world.
A. fraud
B. respondent
C. misconduct
D. prestige【答案】D【解析】句意：主要是因为这个大学的声誉吸引了来自世界各地的师生。prestige威望。fraud欺骗。respondent答辩人。misconduct不良行为。
29. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have ______ no further details about the accident.
A. comprised
B. formulated
C. released
D. incorporated【答案】C【解析】句意：虽然案件调查已经持续了两个月之久，但是警方没有再提供更多的关于这起事故的细节。release释放。comprise包含。formulate公式化。incorporate合并。
30. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering ______ to foreign investors.
A. incentives
B. abundances
C. warriors
D. outnumbers【答案】A【解析】句意：他们想通过针对国外投资者实行鼓励措施来促进地区经济的发展。incentive鼓励措施。abundance丰富。warrior战士。outnumber数量上超过。
31. Why be ______ about that old coat? There’ s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.
A. sensitive
B. sensible
C. sentimental
D. sensational【答案】C【解析】句意：为什么要对那件旧衣服那么感情用事？没有必要因为你第一次见我时穿的它就一直把它保存着。sentimental感伤的，感情用事的。sensitive敏感的。sensible理智的。sensational使人感动的；惊人的。
32．______ and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.
A. Mutilation
B. Innovation
C. Empire
D. Strength【答案】B【解析】句意：创新和勤奋是这个公司的基石。innovation创新。mutilation毁损。empire帝国。strength力量；长处。
33. The protests were part of their ______ against the proposed building development in the area.
A. commission
B. commitment
C. convention
D. campaign【答案】D【解析】句意：这些抗议是他们反对在该地区盖房提议的活动的一部分。campaign运动；竞选活动。commission佣金；委员会。commitment承诺。convention会议；惯例。
34. Some people seem to ______ on the pressure of working under a deadline.
A. render
B. evolve
C. prevail
D. thrive【答案】D【解析】句意：有些人似乎在最后期限的压制下感受到工作的压力后才茁壮成长。thrive on以…而旺盛。render提供。evolve进化。prevail流行。
35.These changes have not been sufficient to ______ the losses.
A. stem
B. stimulate
C. cause
D. compensate【答案】D【解析】句意：这些变化还不足以补偿那些损失。compensate补偿。stem茎，干；起源于。stimulate刺激。cause引起。
36. Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their ______ .
A. conditions
B. combinations
C. peers
D. granaries【答案】C【解析】句意：心理学家相信孩子很容易受到同龄人的影响。peer同龄人。condition条件。combination结合。granary谷仓。
37. Several ______ for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.
A. systems
B. sentences
C. fallacies
D. hypotheses【答案】D【解析】句意：气候研究者已经提出了一些全球变暖的假设。hypothesis假设。system系统。sentence句子。fallacy谬误。
38. These natural resources will be ______ sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.
A. depleted
B. deployed
C. inclined
D. mingled【答案】A【解析】句意：如果现阶段开采的自然资源的比率持续下去的话，这些自然资源不久将会被消耗殆尽。deplete耗尽。deploy部署。incline倾斜；有什么倾向。mingle混合。
39. The military operations ______ yesterday were targeted at the military installations.
A. propelled
B. commenced
C. plagued
D. modulated【答案】B【解析】句意：昨天开始着手的军事操作是专门针对那些军用设备的。commence开始着手。propel推进。plague折磨，使苦恼。modulate调整。
40. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the ______ between the computer and the human brain.
A. profile
B. mighty
C. analogy
D. leakage【答案】C【解析】句意：人工智能有一部分处理的是电脑和人脑之间类比的关系。analogy类比。profile给出轮廓。mighty有势力的人；强有力的。leakage泄露。
Part II Reading Comprehension(40%)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage One
There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.
But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it’s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged from eight to fifteen.”
One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”
They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. ”
Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.
Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?
41. Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?
A. Those that teach how to fly an airplane.
B. Those that teach the features of the earth.
C. Those that help people use computer language.
D. Those that teach computer technology.
42.According to the investigators ______.
A. the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent acts
B. the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other people
C. most computer and online games make the players forget the real life results
D. most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners
43.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer games
B. it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer games
C. there are now more incidents of violence because of computer games
D. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence
44. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that ______.
A. the commercial world are contributing to the increased violence in real life
B. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real life
C. there is little link between computer games and increased violence in real life
D. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life【答案与解析】
41.C 第一段“…another trains pilots.”就是训练飞行员的意思，所以选项A是正确的。“One such game teaches geography…”是说游戏可以教授地理知识，所以选项B是正确的。“Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate...”所以选项D是正确的。computer language在文中没有提到。
42.D 本题可采用排除法。A项“take part in real violent acts（参与真实的暴力行动）”与第四段首句“…even more realistic violent acts（逼真的暴力行为）”不符。“violent acts”也不一定就是杀人，故选项B错误。第四段“What they are not learning are the real-life consequences”是“学不到”而不是本来就知道，选项C认为在玩游戏时“忘记”，故错误。所以，只有选项D为正确答案，答案依据为第三段内容。
43.C 根据第五段“there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.”中“increased”一词可断定选项C中“more”是正确的。第五段“…3,000 different studies…”就是证据，故选项B错误。选项A和选项D文章中没提到。
44.A 根据文章最后一段，有些人认为也许不是游戏导致小孩有暴力倾向，而是某些小孩在玩游戏之前就已有暴力倾向。但下文“…still play a contributing role”解释说即使这样，游戏反过来又加深这些小孩的暴力倾向。文章还说“It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see.”所以“television advertising”是用来证明孩子会受所听所见影响的。故选项B、C、D不正确。【题海拾贝】（1）segment 分割，部分 （2）aggressive 攻击性的（3）squish 压碎（4）splatter 飞溅Passage Two
The collapse of the Earth’ s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.
The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 per cent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’ s lines of magnetic force.
During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity (极). The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.
Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field’ s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I’m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission.”
No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car’s generator, the some principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.
No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.
45. According to the passage, the Earth’s magnetic field has ______.
A. misguided many a man and animals
B. begun to change to it’s opposite direction
C. caused the changes on the polarities
D. been weakening it’s strength for a long time
46. During the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field ______.
A. compass will become useless
B. man and animals will be confused in directions
C. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappear
D. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger
47. The author says “... the public has no reason to panic” because ______.
A. the transition is still thousands of years from now
B. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientists
C. the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish
D. the new transition will come 780,000 years later
48. The cause of the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field comes from ______.
A. the movement deep inside the Earth
B. the periodically reverses of the Earth
C. the force coming from outer space
D. the mechanical movement of the Earth【答案与解析】
45.D 第一段“The collapse of the Earth’s magnetic field appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago”以及第二段“The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far”说明选项D是正确的。虽然文章提到选项B的内容，但是根据第二段 “this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magnetic force”，可以知道reversal并没有被证实已经发生。
46.B 第三段“A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals.”和“…find migration confusing”说明选项B正确。“compass needles that had pointed north would point south.”说明选项A错误。“…the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears”说明选项C和D不全面。
47.C 第五段“Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature.”说明选项C正确。选项A是说这种转换几千年后才开始，而根据第二段“The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far”可知实际情况是这种转变已经开始了，故选项A不正确。选项B文章中没提到。而选项D跟文中事实不相符。
48.A 根据文章最后一段“…the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron…”以及倒数第二段“Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron”可知是地球深层熔化的铁不规则的流动导致的地球磁场变化，故选A项。【题海拾贝】（1）magnetic 有磁性的（2）reversal 反转，改变极性（3）panic 惊慌Passage Three
The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in today’s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.
Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.
Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.
Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.
What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated upon inducing a climate of fear that is incommensurate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself. ”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U. S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening’ s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.
Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group’ s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It’s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,”
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