作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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华东师范大学外语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年华东师范大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解
一、将下列短语译成汉语（15分）
1．GATT【答案】关税及贸易总协定（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
2．CEO【答案】首席执行官
3．ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟
4．EMS (Express Mail Special)【答案】邮政特快专递
5．force majeure【答案】不可抗力
6．baggage liability limitations【答案】行李赔偿责任限额
7．customs clearance house【答案】清关到户
8) zero tariff treatment【答案】零关税协定
9．notary public office【答案】公证处
10．telegraphic transfer【答案】电汇
11)registered capital【答案】注册资本
12．Ethernet【答案】以太网
13．charter【答案】宪章；章节
14．property insurance contract【答案】财产保险合同
15．subcontractor【答案】承包商
二、将下列短语译成英语（15分）
1．董事会【答案】board of directors
2．招商引资【答案】attract/invite investments
3．中国科学院【答案】Chinese Academy of Sciences
4．第三产业【答案】tertiary industry
5．深加工【答案】further processing
6．无公害蔬菜【答案】pollution-free vegetable
7．《财富》全球论坛【答案】the FORTUNE Global Forum
8．知识产权【答案】intellectual property
9．“长三角”二小时经济圈【答案】the two-hour Economic Circle of the Yangtze River Delta
10．社会消费品零售总额【答案】social retail goods
11．上海证券交易所【答案】SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange)
12．市政协【答案】People's Political Consultative Committee of a city
13．国家发改委【答案】NDRC(National Development and Reform Commission)
14．国资委【答案】SASAC(State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission)
15．信用证【答案】letter of credit
三、将下列短文译成汉语（60分）
PASSAGE 1
Digital computers are used in many ways to support engineers in design work. The broad class of technology associated with such use is denoted herein as Computer Aided Design(CAD). While early CAD was primarily directed toward procedures, improved analysis recent development have extended CAD to include such functions as interactive computations, automation of design decisions, tutorial assistance to designers, graphical display of results, and management of information. While these developments have been principally disjointed, efforts are being initiated to integrate such functions into comprehensive CAD system such as the planned NASA IPAD system. The definition and development of integrated CAD systems, together with the continued evolution of computer hardware, has indicated areas for improvement in computer science technology which need to be addressed to maximize the benefit of integrated CAD systems and to facilitate their long-term viability.【参考译文】
数字计算机从多方面帮助工程师进行设计工作，与这种用途有关的是一个广泛的技术领域——此处我们称之为计算机辅助设计(CAD)。虽然早期的CAD主要用于改善分析过程，然而它最近的进展已使的CAD功用扩大到交互运算、设计决策自动化、给设计师指导性辅助、把设计的成果用图象显示出来，以及信息处理等项目了。尽管到目前为止这种功能从总体上尚未连成一气，然而人们正在努力使这些功能结合成CAD综合系统，例如已经拟订的美国国家航空和航天管理局宇宙飞行器设计程序综合系统(NASA IPAD)便是。CAD综合系统的确定和发展，连同计算机硬件的不断改进，已经指明了计算机科学技术的一些方面还要改进，方能使CAD综合系统的效益达到最佳，并促使其具有较长使用寿命。
PASSAGE 2
China has used many different forms of trade mark for many hundreds of years. In fact, bricks on the Great Wall were stamped with the producers’ marks so that emperors can be assured of the quality and accountability. In most countries, any means of intellectual property rights can be sold, licensed or inherited. Unfortunately, almost everywhere, it can also be stolen. Today, intellectual property piracy and counterfeiting are robbing and endangering Chinese artists, innovators, businesses and consumers. Intellectual property protection is not a luxury for the rich. It is what inspires technological advances, protects us form dangerous products and creates cultural and economic wealth around the world for countries at all levels of development. Each year, nearly 7% of world trade is in pirated and counterfeit products. Some of these counterfeit products can injure and even kill people. Fake automobile brakes, airplane parts, infant milk formula and medicine are sold by unscrupulous manufactures and dealers who profit from consumers’ lack of awareness and failure to understand the importance of buying legitimate products. Many of these criminals are not just local street venders, but also organized criminal groups. Some of these products can also destroy an entire industry. For example, Hong Kong’s legendary film studios have taken a beating as pirates continue to steal their movies and sell fake DVDs. The studios are left with little income to invest in new films and actors. The music industry is also affected. Illegal downloading from the Internet and counterfeit CDs are stealing the music and the livelihoods of these talented artists and preventing new artists from emerging.【参考译文】
中国使用过形形色色的商标，已经有几百年的商标历史了。事实上，长城的砖头上面就烙刻了生产者的标志，以便皇帝对产品质量更放心。在大部分国家，任何种类的知识产权都可以出售、注册或者继承。不幸的是，在几乎每个地方，知识产权会遭到盗窃。今天，知识产权的盗版和伪造正在掠夺和危及中国的艺术家、创意者、企业以及消费者。保护知识产权不是富人的奢侈，而是鼓励创新的动力，可以让人免于遭到危险产品的伤害，创造文化和经济财富，使得全球不同发展水平的国家受益。每年，世界上7%的贸易都是盗版和冒牌产品。有一些假冒品会伤及人类，甚至致人于死地。假冒的汽车刹车、飞机零件、婴儿奶粉和药品都有一些毫无良知的制造商和代理商在销售。他们得益于人们的保护意识不强，没能认识到买正品的重要性。这些罪犯中的很多人不仅仅是街上的小贩，而是有组织的犯罪团伙。有些假冒产品甚至会毁掉整个行业。举例来说，香港传奇式的电影工业遭到了盗版的打击，因为盗版DVD不断猖獗。电影公司没有什么收入来投资新的影片和演员。音乐产业也收到了波及，从网上的非法下载以及盗版CD盗窃了音乐人的劳动成果，让他们无以为继，毁掉了才华横溢的艺术家的生活，也制止了新人的出现。
四、将下列短文译成英语（60分）
从1984年我国体育代表团在洛杉矶奥运会上首次实现金牌零的突破，到本届雅典奥运会我国体育代表团跃居金牌榜第二位，我国竞技体育年年都有进步，届届都有提高。到本届奥运会结束为止，我国体育健儿在夏季奥运会上，共夺取112枚金牌，这是一个了不起的成绩。人们高兴地看到，一代又一代的体育健儿，肩负着祖国和人民的希望，胸怀壮志，顽强拼搏，以非凡的勇气和骄人的战绩不断攀登世界体育高峰，充分证明了中华民族具有自立于世界民族之林的能力。各族人民衷心希望中国体育健儿继续发扬胜不骄、败不馁的精神，总结经验，增强斗志，再接再厉，不断提高自身素质和竞技水平，促进我国体育运动的全面均衡发展，为促进奥林匹克事业的发展，为实现中华民族的伟大复兴作出新的更大贡献。【参考译文】
From the Chinese sports delegation got the first gold medal on Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984, to the Athens Olympic Games our Chinese sports delegation ranks to second place on the medal table, competitive sports level of our country has improved every year. To the end of the Olympic Games, Chinese athletes in the summer Olympic Games have achieved a total of 112 gold medals, which is a great achievement. We are pleased to see that generations of athletes shoulder the motherland’s and people’s hopes and climb the sports peak with ambitions, remarkable courage and impressive records, both of which fully proves that the China has the ability to stay alone among the world. The people of all ethnic groups sincerely hope that our athletes can continue to carry on the spirit of “Don't be proud when you win; don't be downhearted when you fail.” They had better sum up experience, enhance morale, make persistent efforts, and constantly improve their qualities and competitive levels to promote the overall balance of Chinese sports development, to promote the Olympic development and to make greater contribution to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
2011年华东师范大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解
I. Phrase Translation
1．OEM【答案】原始设备制造商(Original Equipment Manufacturer)
2．FTP【答案】文件传输协议(file transfer protocol)
3．Shipping Order【答案】装货单；订舱单
4．ETA【答案】预计到达时间(estimated time of arrival)
5．Consignee【答案】收件人；受托人
6 CPI【答案】消费物价指数(Consumer price index)
7．DPI【答案】每英寸点数(dots per inch);分辨率
8．EMF【答案】欧洲货币基金(European Monetary Fund)
9．Exchange Rate Mechanism【答案】汇率机制
10．Financial Year【答案】财政年度
11．ICB【答案】国际竞争性招标(international competitive bidding)
12．OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
13．APEC【答案】亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
14．CAAC【答案】中国民用航空局(Civil Aviation Administration Of China)
15．AID【答案】国际开发总署(Agency for International Development)
16．宏观调控【答案】macro-control
17．信访办【答案】Complaints office
18．做好就业、社保等方面的工作【答案】deliver good results in terms of employment, social security, etc.
19．促进流通业发展【答案】Promoting the Development of the Circulation Industry
20．事业单位【答案】public institution
21．提高出生人口质量【答案】improve the health of newborns; advance the population quality
22．创新型国家【答案】innovation-oriented country
23．优化经济结构【答案】optimize the economic structure
24．建设社会主义新农村【答案】building a new socialist countryside
25．农业政策的稳定性【答案】The stability of agricultural policy
26．全面建设小康社会【答案】build a moderately prosperous society in all aspects
27．基层民主【答案】democracy at the grassroots level; grass-roots democracy
28．粮食安全【答案】food security
29．社会事业【答案】social undertaking
30．农民工【答案】migrant workers
II. English to Chinese translation
This book is, in essence, a user s guide to academic life, conceived for those considering taking up a career in the traditional academic disciplines seniors in college, perhaps, or others thinking about going into graduate school as well as those who have already started out along that path, which is to say, men and women working on a Ph.D and those already with appointments as assistant professors at college or a university. Some of our remarks may also be of interest to others as well: senior professors who are interested in other perspectives on the academic scene, confused and be where parents of junior academics, professional advisors, spouses of graduate students and junior faculty, and laymen interested in learning about the mysteries of academic. Foreign students who are thinking about acquiring an American graduate school education will certainly profit from reading this book.
Our backgrounds are in the humanities and the social sciences, and our views naturally reflect our own experiences, observations, and what we have learned in the course of our careers. We believe there is sufficient overlap among the various academic disciplines to make valid generalizations possible. As teachers, we have often been asked to offer advice over and over again. We’ve written this book in response to what we felt was a real need for information. We chose the format of an extended conversation, much like conversations that we have actually had on many occasions with those who have sought us out to discuss their aspirations, hopes, fears, and problems. The question-and-answer format emphasizes that we are speaking in this book much as we would during our office hours or over coffee in the departmental lounge. Although the questions in boldface are our constructions, for the most part they are questions we’ve often heard or can imagine our readers might want to ask if they could.
——Preface to The Chicago Guide to Your Academic Career【参考译文】
本书是一部学术人生的导航，为那些想在传统学术领域里拥有一席之地的人所作一一比如大学四年级学生，或是考虑进入研究生院深造的人；当然也为帮助 那些在学术之路上已有开端的人们，例如正在攻读的博士生和即将履新的大学助理教授。我们的某些观点或许对其他人也有所帮助：对看待学术界的不同视角感兴趣的资深教授、不太了解学术生涯为何物的青年学者的父母、职业生涯规划导师、研究生和青年教师的配偶，以及意欲探究学术圈奥秘的局外人。当然，对于想获得美国研究生学位的外国学生，本书一定也不会让他们失望。
我们学习的都是人文科学和社会科学，我们的观点很自然地就反应了我们的经历、观察能力还有我们在学业课程中学到的知识。我们相信在繁多的学术原则中会有很多重合之处，使得学术一般化变成可能。作为老师，学生们经常一遍又一遍地向我们咨询。我们写这本书就是为了说明我们的建议（对于学生而言）确实是必要的。我们选择了一种交谈的延伸模式，就像是很多人找我们聊他们的抱负、希望、恐惧和麻烦一样的谈话模式。本书中的问答模式和我们平时在办公室或者休息室中强调的一样多。虽然我们的布局是把问题用粗体字标出来，但这些问题也是我们经常听到或者是读者想问的。
——《芝加哥学术生涯规划》
III. Write a summary of the following story in 150-200 Chinese character. (20 points)
Beijing’s Focus on Food Prices Ignores Broader Inflation Risk
By KEITH BRADSHER
HONG KONG —China took steps Wednesday to control rising prices at the most basic consumer level. But Beijing faces a severe challenge in preventing higher global commodity prices from igniting broader inflation that could threaten China’s streak of powerful economic growth.
With prices rising this autumn for many commodities like sugar and cotton, the country’s cabinet announced on Wednesday evening that it would impose price controls on food, introduce subsidies for the needy and increase the availability of fuel supplies.
So far, the inflation in consumer goods in China has been largely confined to food and energy, and government policy makers want to keep it that way. But avoiding more general inflation could prove difficult.
And in terms of economic diplomacy, the measures announced Wednesday were almost precisely the opposite of the steps the Obama administration and many Western economists have been urging Beijing to take.
China’s broadly measured money supply has surged in the last two years, soaring 54 percent as its central bank has supported the export economy by intervening in currency markets to keep the renminbi artificially low. Considerable cash is also sloshing around the Chinese economy because of two years of extremely heavy lending by state-owned banks to finance a highly successful economic stimulus program that has returned the country to double-digit growth.
But China’s leaders are now clearly worried about the inflationary side effects of those financial policies. The premier, Wen Jiabao, has toured southern China over the last week and was shown on national television late Tuesday night expressing concern about rising food prices and promising that the government would take action.
Zhou Xiaochuan, the governor of the central bank, had said earlier on Tuesday that the amount of money racing through the global economy was putting pressure on emerging economies that want to control inflation. And Yao Jian, a commerce ministry spokesman, said at a press conference on Tuesday that the government would tighten scrutiny of foreign investment so as to prevent too much money from pouring into China as foreign investors seek higher returns than are currently available in the West.
Imposing price controls and other administrative controls on the Chinese economy runs counter to the steps recommended by many Western experts. They have suggested that China should further deregulate its economy, let the renminbi appreciate and otherwise rely on market forces to tame inflation.
The standard policy prescription from Washington has been that China should raise interest rates, as a way to slow investment and prevent the economy from overheating. And American policy makers from President Obama down have argued that if China would let the renminbi rise against the dollar, oil and other commodities would be less expensive in China, helping to tame inflation. But Beijing has resisted, in large part because Washington’s prescribed medicine would reduce the price competitiveness of Chinese exports to the United States and elsewhere.
Still, even as China is zigging when Washington would rather it zag, some corporate economists are cautiously optimistic that China may be able to tame inflation with its approach — for now, at least.
“Given that food prices are spearheading immediate inflationary pressures, supply-side measures should be more effective than rate hikes,” Qu Hongbin, the co-head of Asian economics research at the international bank HSBC, wrote in a research note on Wednesday night. “There’s no need to panic, as Beijing has more than enough effective policy options to combat inflation.”
And yet, while there may be limits to China’s ability to keep a lid on inflation, it is better prepared than many countries to cope with rising world commodity prices. That is because China is self-sufficient in most foods, has an enormous trade surplus and has accumulated copious foreign reserves that reached $2.65 trillion at the end of September.
In contrast, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization warned on Wednesday that food import bills were up 10 percent this year for the world’s poorest countries.
But many economists were surprised by the accelerated inflation in China that the National Bureau of Statistics disclosed in Beijing last week. Overall consumer prices were 4.4 percent higher last month than a year earlier.
Chinese leaders have repeatedly made clear over the years that fighting inflation is a top priority, because it could fuel social unrest. And they have publicly set a target of not allowing the annual increase in consumer prices to reach 5 percent again. It peaked at 8.5 percent in the spring of 2008.
If food and energy prices are removed from the consumer price index, the prices for everything else are up only 1.3 percent from a year earlier, according to the government. But that is not necessarily a reassuring measure, some economists suggest.
Chinese and Western economists worry that the Chinese price index may underestimate inflation separate from food and energy. The Chinese index has longstanding methodological problems — like measuring apartment rents but not the cost of buying and living in an apartment, which has soared in recent years.
While climbing food and energy prices are a global problem, they particularly affect lower-income countries like China, where such necessities claim a far larger share of household incomes than in more affluent nations. China’s consumer price index, which is based mainly on urban spending patterns, assumes that groceries represent a third of a family’s spending.
That is extremely high by Western standards. And it shows how far China must still go to create the kind of broad-based consumer society that American officials recommend and that Chinese leaders say they want to adopt in the long term in place of their current export-led model. In the United States, groceries represent only 8 percent of the Consumer Price Index.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]