作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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北京邮电大学人文学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2012年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、将下列缩略语、习语、术语和专有名词译成汉语，缩略形式还需写出英语全文。（15分）
l. CIA【答案】美国中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）
2．LOHAS【答案】乐活族（Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability）
3．AIDS【答案】艾滋病（Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）
4．ISSN【答案】国际标准连续出版物编号（International Standard Serial Number）
5．Like father, 1ike son.【答案】有其父必有其子。
6．A word spoken is past recalling.【答案】一言既出，驷马难追。
7．antilock braking system【答案】汽车防抱制动系统
8．a license-plate lottery system【答案】车牌摇号
9．Asynchronous Transfer Mode【答案】异步传输模式
10．botnets【答案】僵尸网络
11．consultation program on students’ academic performance【答案】学业会商制度
12．credit bank【答案】信贷银行
13．family/domestic violence【答案】家庭暴力
14．government-funded public institution【答案】事业单位
15．trade surplus【答案】贸易顺差
二、将下列汉语译成英语，译成缩略语的需要写出缩略语英语全文。（15分）
1．国内生产总值【答案】GDP(Gross Domestic Product)
2．石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
3．金砖国家【答案】BRICS(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)
4．自动取款机【答案】ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)
5．有钱能使鬼推磨。【答案】Money makes the mare go.
6．趁热打铁【答案】Strike while the iron is hot.
7．积极的财政政策【答案】positive financial policy
8．黄金和外汇储备【答案】gold and foreign exchange reserves
9．安居工程【答案】Housing Project for low-income families; Comfortable Housing Project
10．个税起征点【答案】the minimum threshold for personal income tax/ individual income tax threshold
11．压力传感器【答案】pressure sensor
12．无线局域网【答案】WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)
13．宿主【答案】host
14．来电显示【答案】CID(Caller Identification)
15．纳米管【答案】Nanotube
三、英译汉（60分）：非常见地名和人名可保留不译。
Passage One (40 points)
Ghosts are a very real part of Mexican culture, and as we are here in November, just after the Day of the Dead celebrations, their presence lingers. Decorative skeletons and skulls are on display at many houses and hotels, nowhere more so than at a fantastic little hotel we discover at mother must-stop on the silver town trail, the state capital Guanajuato, a picture-perfect colonial gem, full of partying students, craft markets and mariachi bands.
The Casa de Espirilus Alegres (house of happy spirits) in Marfil, a village just outside, was a silver-processing hacienda in the 1700s, and is now a bizarre and magical hotel so full of folk art it's practically a museum. Since the 1950s it has been cared for by artists, including, since 1979, present owner Carol Summers, from California.
As soon as we open the Secret Garden-like door into the overgrown courtyard I feel like I’ve entered a fairground ghost house. Every inch is covered in grinning wooden skeletons, intricately painted tiles, patterned rugs and giant animal figures.
Even the breakfast table, where we eat freshly baked chocolate-chip bread off crazily painted ceramics, is covered in skeleton fabric. There’s an artist’s workshop in the basement, a help-yourself bar in a Rajasthani tent in a garden full of sculptures, and monstrous carved ceremonial masks on every wall. All pre-Hispanic communities had a mask-maker, whose pieces were worn for ritual “evil dances”. Mask-makers sprinkled a tree with blood or mezcal before cutting wood for the mask, and some used hallucinogenic herbs and mushrooms before carving.【参考译文】
幽灵是墨西哥文化中真实存在的一部分，在亡灵节庆祝刚结束那几天，庆典的气氛久久不能消散，这时正是我们的十一月份。装饰好的头骨和骷髅会放在房屋前进行展示，而且再也没有比小旅馆门前更多的地方了，每每沿着银色的城镇小路走到这里，妈妈们都会做一番停留。首府瓜纳华托犹如一颗镶嵌在图画中完美的宝石，到处都是开party的学生们，工艺品市场和墨西哥流浪乐队。
在城市外面的小村庄Marfil里有一个欢乐之家，这是一个布满银色的大庄园，现在则成为了一家充满着民间艺术气息的古怪魔法旅馆，实际上就像一个博物馆。自从20世纪50年代这家旅馆被画家们眷顾之后，就有了现在的店主——加利福尼亚的Carol Summers。
我们一打开秘密花园的门，就像进入了杂草丛生地庭院，仿佛自己置身于幽灵之家。每一个角落都有咧着嘴笑的木质骷髅，错综复杂的彩色瓷砖，满是图案的地毯和巨大的动物图像。
甚至是我们吃新鲜出炉的巧克力面包的彩色瓷砖的早餐桌上都摆满了骷髅骨架。花园里的地下室中有一间是艺术家工作室，还有一个围着拉贾斯坦帐篷的自助酒吧，这个花园到处都是雕刻的印记，墙上还刻着很多仪式性的面具。前西班牙所有团体中有一个面具制造商，他的面具都被磨损后供仪式性“邪恶的舞蹈”使用。面具制造商们在砍树做面具之前都会在树上洒上血或者是龙舌兰酒，有的则在雕刻面具之前使用迷幻剂和蘑菇（在墨西哥的古代玛雅文明中有致幻蘑菇的记载）。
Passage Two (20 points)
When she came to that part of the letter, in which her family were mentioned, in terms mortifying, yet merited reproach, her sense of shame was severe. The justice of the charge struck her forcibly for denial, and the circumstances to which he particularly alluded, as having passed at the Nether field ball, and as confirming all his first disapprobation, could not have made a stronger impression on his mind than on hers. The compliment to herself and her sister, was not unfelt. It soothed, but it could not console her for the contempt which had been thus self-attracted by the rest of her family; — and as she considered that her sister’ s disappointment had in fact been the work of her nearest relations, and reflected how materially the credit of both must be hurt by such impropriety of conduct, she felt depressed beyond anything she had ever known before.【参考译文】
当她读到他提起她家里人的那一段时，其中措辞固然伤人感情，然而那一番责难却也入情入理，于是她越发觉得惭愧。那真是一针见血的指责，使她否认不得；他特别指出，尼日斐花园建交舞会上的种种情形，是第一次造成他反对这门婚姻的原因──老实说，那种情形固然使他难以忘怀，自己也同样难以忘怀。至于他对她自己和对她姐姐的恭维，她也不是无动于中。她听了很舒服，可是她并没有因此而感到安慰，因为她家里人不争气，招来他的訾议，并不能从恭维中得到补偿。她认为吉英的失望完全是自己的至亲骨肉一手造成的，她又想到，她们两姐妹的优点也一定会因为至亲骨肉的行为失检而受到损害，想到这里，她感到从来没有过的沮丧。
四、汉译英（60分）
Passage One (40 points)
中国周二公布的数据显示，三季度国内生产总值(GDP)同比增长9.1％，而二季度增长率为9.5％。新出炉的数据略低于分析人士预期的9.2％。引发了市场一定程度的担忧。尽管如此，这样的增长率仍受到了经济学家的普遍欢迎，他们将此视为中国在努力遏制通货膨胀、同时有能力在不严重损害增长的情况下引导经济实现软着陆的证据。【参考译文】
Chinese data Tuesday, which showed third-quarter gross domestic product up 9.1% from a year earlier after 9.5% growth in the second quarter, came in slightly below analyst expectations of 9.2% growth and raised some concern in markets. Still, the growth rate was generally welcomed by economists who saw it as evidence that China can guide its economy to a soft landing as it tries to quell inflation without seriously hurting growth.
Passage Two (20points)
故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为。所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。【参考译文】
When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man, it always first frustrates his spirit and will, exhausts his muscles and bones, exposes him to starvation and poverty, harasses him by troubles and setbacks so as to stimulate his spirit, toughen his nature and enhance his abilities.
2013年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、将下列缩略语、习语、术语和专有名词译成汉语，缩略形式还需写出英语全文。（15分）
1．GPS【答案】全球定位系统（Global Positioning System）
2．SOHO【答案】家具办公（Small Office Home Office）
3．APEC【答案】亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
4．IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency）
5．to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst【答案】比上不足，比下有余。
6．Rob Peter to pay Paul.【答案】拆东墙补西墙。
7．Everything comes to him who waits.【答案】坚持就是胜利。
8．Life begins at forty.【答案】四十不惑。
9．Truth will come to light sooner or later.【答案】纸包不住火。
10．Bit Error Rate【答案】误码率
11．VPN【答案】虚拟专用网络（Virtual Private Network）
12．RFID【答案】射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification)
13．CCPIT【答案】中国国际贸易促进委员会（China Council for the Promotion of International Trade）
14．ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)
15．Arbitration clause【答案】仲裁条款
二、将下列汉语译成英语，译成缩略语的需要写出缩略语英语全文。（15分）
1．双边贸易【答案】bilateral trade
2．离岸价【答案】FOB(free on board)
3．国际货币基金组织【答案】International Monetary Fund (IMF)
4．党群关系【答案】the relation between the party and the masses
5．以人为本【答案】people oriented; people foremost
6．独立自主的和平外交政策【答案】independent foreign policy of peace
7．子网掩码【答案】Subnet Mask
8．用户身份识别模块【答案】subscriber identity module (SIM)
9．啦啦队【答案】cheering squad
10．扫黄打非【答案】eliminate pornography and illegal publications
11．豆腐渣工程【答案】jerry-built project
12．鱼米之乡【答案】a land flowing with milk and honey
13．英雄所见略同【答案】Great minds think alike.
14．谋事在人成事在天【答案】Man proposes and God disposes.
15．物以类聚，人以群分【答案】Birds of a feather flock together.
三、英译汉（60分）：非常见地名和人名可保留不译。
Passage One (20 points)
Every day brings news of new developments in mobile payments and mobile-pass technology. So when can we finally get rid of our wallets? Not for a long time, unfortunately - at least a decade.
Even if your current smartphone is technologically capable of handling payments, passes and membership cards, and IDs, the real infrastructure will take up to a decade to get fully sorted out. For payments, especially, smartphones are taking on a lot of the functions of our wallets without fully replacing any of them,
“Before all venues accept payments with a smartphone, consumers cannot ditch their wallets,” Oren Levy, CEO of in-app payment platform ZooZ, said via email. “Otherwise, I will be able to pay at one store but not at the next one. For all merchants to accept payment with a smartphone it will take at least 10 years.”
Forrester Research estimates only one-fourth of U.S. consumers will own an NFC-enabled phone by 2016, with 100 million shipping in 2012. Until a solid majority of consumers own such devices, merchants have little incentive to create an infrastructure as receptive to smartphone payments as it is to cash and credit cards. That is the largest hurdle wallet-abandoning hopeful face.【参考译文】
移动支付和移动通（mobile-pass）技术每天都爆出新闻。那么，什么时候手机会最终淘汰钱包？很遗憾，不会太久，不过至少也要10年。
尽管目前的智能手机在技术上完全可以处理支付、会员卡和通行证、身份证等问题，但基础设施的完全成熟尚需十年。尤其是支付，智能手机具备很多钱包的功能，但并没有完全取代钱包。
内置支付应用平台ZooZ的首席执行官奥伦·利维（Oren Levy）在电子邮件中写道：“除非所有场所都接受智能手机支付，否则消费者还是离不开钱包。要不然，我在这家店铺能用手机支付，另一家却不行。至少还需要10年，所有商家才能接受智能手机支付。”
弗雷斯特研究公司（Forrester Research）估计，到2016年，仅四分之一的美国消费者会拥有NFC功能的手机，而2012年的生产商发货量为1亿台。只有大批消费者拥有了这样的设备，商家才有动力建设基础设施，像接受现金和信用卡一样接受智能手机支付。这是希望淘汰钱包的人面临的最大障碍。
Passage Two (40points)
In a working economy, one should gain a sense of meaning from one’s work when one makes a lasting, visible difference; and when one makes a difference, one should be rewarded for (and in proportion with) it. Now，in the name of dynamism and accomplishment, one probably shouldn’t be guaranteed a fortune doing what one loves; I don’t suggest that every wannabe Hemingway and Picasso should be raking in the bucks like a mega-banker. But the fact that it seems nearly impossible to build a stable，secure, happy life in the segment formerly known as the middle class by doing worthwhile work that makes a real human difference is the exception that proves the rule，illuminating just how deeply, and perhaps fatally broken our economy is.
You and I face the difficult choice of trading meaning for money; we weigh the searing moments of real human accomplishment against the soul-sucking work of earning the next car payment by polishing up another meaningless PowerPoint deck packed with tactics to win games whose net result is the creation of little of real value for much of anyone who s not a sociopath. This is the deepest kind of theft; not merely prosperity having been looted from societies，but significance having been stolen from human lives.【参考译文】
在劳动经济里，一个人会从自己的劳动中感受到意义，他给世界带来了永久的、明显的改变；当一个人带来改变，他就应当受到（相应的）奖励。如今，借着物力论和成就的名义，从事所热爱工作的人很可能没有获得财富的保证；我并不是说每一个人都应该效仿海明威
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]