海草房(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2021-01-27 19:57:47

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作者:荒野

出版社:中国摄影出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

海草房

海草房试读:

品影像的味道

文/闻丹青

朋友拿来厚厚一摞百十余张样片,内容是胶东半岛的海草房。全是用5×7技术相机拍摄黑白胶片制作而成,可以看出扫描和打印都有些匆忙,虽然没有完全显示出大底片的味道,但依然可以感觉得到大型技术相机的优势,相信精心制作会有震撼的感觉。我与作者荒野先生未曾谋面,但他画面的内容引起了我的兴趣。

中国各地建筑原本很有特色,靠山的多是用石头垒墙,不用打磨随形就势,不仅结实百年不坏,而且厚实冬暖夏凉,更是好看,大小相间,石质石色不同,无序而有致;最普遍的是使用砖,精致的磨砖对缝整齐威严,粗糙的碎砖间或其间,常靠抹上墙灰泥打理;也有用砖的初级产品—土坯的,这东西虽挡风寒但最怕雨水,难以长久,通常只是权宜之计。

房顶就更有特色了,瓦使用的最多,南方青瓦、北方灰瓦,各地屋瓦不尽相同;山区出片石的地方,就地取材用石板做屋顶,当年是物美价廉,现如今可是一个奢侈的特殊要求。

茅草房几乎是贫穷的同义词。一千多年前的唐朝被后人称作“大唐盛世”,但杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》勾勒出一幅诗人的凄凉晚景,不仅自然无情,“八月秋高风怒号,卷我屋上三重茅”,更有无良少年“公然抱茅入竹去”。但海草房不是茅草房,海草房仅见于胶东沿海一带。虽然海草可以就地取材,但打捞、晾晒、捆扎也颇费周章,据说当年也是价格不菲。

20世纪80年代初的一个暑假,我和朋友到他老家—胶东石岛,看望他爷爷,在小渔村里住了一个多星期。我们从北京背去大米和挂面,还有两瓶白酒孝敬老人家,那时这些都是渔村里的稀罕物。村里都是海草房,坚固的石墙上盖着厚厚的海草,坡度陡陡的,房檐垂下软软的海草,远看好像戴了一顶绒绒的帽子,想起来就暖和。

住在海草房的这一周是那么惬意,烈日当头的炎夏进到屋里就有几分凉爽。我们白天游泳、跟渔船出海,晚上在满天星斗的院子里聊天。爷爷讲的故事记不清了,但老人家用来点烟的火绒绳印象深刻。

它像麻绳一样整整齐齐盘在地上,平时看不到绳头的红火,燃烧很慢,冒着的淡淡青烟,可以驱除蚊虫,放上一夜也不会熄灭。这种古代保存火种的办法,现在已经很难看到了。爷爷抽烟时轻轻一吹,绳头泛红,放在铜制的烟袋锅上紧吸几口,点燃一袋旱烟。这些年胶东半岛是全国经济发展最快的地方之一,渔村早已不复当年模样。荒野先生的照片系统地记录下了所剩无几的海草房,这为后人留下一笔重要的资料。

影像的意义有多个方面,纪实的、艺术的、商业的、科技的等等等等不一而足。在诸特性中纪实是它最主要的功能。长时间来“照片=真实”已经成为普遍常识,尽管这其中可能产生偏颇,可能被有意或无意地歪曲,但人们还是愿意相信照片。

当我们面对一幅历史照片常常会感慨万千,就是因为那些影像里面情节内容拨动了人们的心弦,触动了人们内心中某一柔弱之处,引发了共鸣。这样的体验恐怕人人都有,荒野先生的照片所承载的信息具备了这样的功能,相信它们在感动我的同时也会打动更多的人,他所拍摄的影像也为逝去的时间和空间留下了某种佐证。

一幅照片不仅仅只是因它的内容而成立,有时候内容退居其次,形式居于主要之处。在诸多美好之中还有一种技术美,这正是荒野先生所使用的大底片技术相机可以施展的用武之处。当你注视一幅影像的时候,内容是在“说事儿”,你还可以看到“玩意儿”,比如细腻的质感、丰富的层次、清晰的影调、画面的颗粒,你甚至还可以感到技术相机的操控性,只有这个时候你才能体会摄影的乐趣。在一切都虚拟化的今天,能够静下心来体会,静下心来凝视,这也是一种幸福。

清茶一杯,一饮而尽曰喝,目的是解渴;小口慢啜曰饮,目的是细细品。喝与饮,无关高下,无关雅俗,时不同,境不同,功用不同。

摄影亦然。摄影的真谛是信息,同时也是味道。

To Taste the Image

Wen Danqing

A friend brought a thick stack of one hundred and a dozen of ilms, recording sea grass cottages in Jiaodong Peninsula. All in black and white of 5×7 technical camera films, it seems the scanning and printing were done hurriedly. Though they cannot display so much the taste of big negatives, you can still feel the advantages of a large technical camera. I believe they can leave many eyes in shock after elaboration. I have never met the author Wildnis S. Gogh, but the contents of his photos grip my interest.

Buildings around China were originally very unique. If they are near hills or mountains, stones would be often used for walls in raw shapes without polishing. These buildings are warm in winter and cool in summer, thick and strong enough for a life expectancy of about one hundred years. It looks so nice in various sizes, stone colored and so different from the disorder.

The most common wall is to use bricks with neat majesty seams, among which some rough brickbat are often used and seamed by plaster. As primary bricks and temporary choices, adobes are sometimes used to prevent wind and cold, but they are easily worn out because of rain.

The more features of cottages are tiled roofs, g reen in the south and g ray in the north. Different ti les locate in various areas. In the old days, stone slabs from hills or mountains were directly taken as roofs because of the low cost and ine art at that time. However, presently it is really an extravagant special requirement.

Thatched cottages are almost regarded as a synonym of poverty. More than 1,000 years ago, the Tang dynasty became known as " the Prosperous Tang Dynasty"by later generations. However, in a poem Cottage Was Broken in Autumn Wind, Du Fu sketched out a bleak condition in a poet’s old ages. It not only shows the natural ruthless by which "August autumn wind roars and whirls thatches away off my roof", but also some unscrupulous juvenile "openly taking the thatches away into the bamboo groves".

However, the thatched cottages are not the sea grass cottages located only in Jiaodong coastal area. Although sea grass can easily be gotten locally, salvaging,drying and bundling are also dificult tasks. So, sea grasses were also expensive in those days.

One summer in the early 1980s, my friend and I went to his hometown - Jiaodong Rock Isle to visit his grandfather and lived there for more than one week in the small ishing village. To honor the elderly, we broug ht rice, ine dried nood les and two bottles of liquor from Beijing, which are a rarity there. Around the village, all cottages were in sea grass roofs. Solid stone walls covered with thick layers of sea grass, steep slopes of sea grass softly hanging down, looking like wearing the hat of a domesticated hen, and this gives me warmth whenever I think of it.

Living in a sea grass cottage for a week is as pleasant as it can be. Entering the sea grass cottages from the summer scorching sunshine, you can feel the coolness of its entirety. During the daytime, we swam and went out to sea by ishermen’s boats, and during the starry night we chatted in the yard. Grandpa's story I cannot remember completely, but the cigarette lighter-tinder rope left me with a deep impression.

It is neatly coi led on the ground like a hem p rope. Usual ly you can not see any ire and it will not exti ngu is hatall for the whole night. It bu rns slowly and braves faint smoke to get rid of mosquitoes. In ancient times, people kept ire by using the tinder ropes while now it is rarely seen. When Grandpa wanted to smoke, he simply gave a gentle blowing to light the top end of the tinder rope, and then put thei reon the bowl of his copper pi pe with a quick few mouths of suctions so as to light it.

In recent years, Jiaodong Peninsula has been one of the fastest national economic development areas. The ishing village no longer appears as it looked like. The photos of Mr. Wildnis S. Gogh systematically record a few remaining sea grass cottages as important materials for future generations.

The signiicance of the image is depicted in many aspects, e.g. documentary, art, commerce, science, technology, etc. The documentary is the most important function of the various features. In a long time, "The photo is equal to the truth" has become a common sense. Though it may portray bias and may be distorted i ntentionally orun intentional ly. However, people are still willing to bel ieve in.

Glancing at a historical photo, we are often illed with emotion just because the plot strikes a chord of people, touches hearts' weakness and evokes human spirit.I couldn’t agree more that this sort of emotion may be experienced by many people. The information in the photos of Mr. Wildnis S. Gogh really carries this kind of functionality. I believe these photos not only move me but also a lot of others. They record the passing time and space, and unmistakably leaving some kind of evidence.

A photograph comes into being not only because of its content, sometimes the content is relegated to the form. Among various beauties, there is the beauty of technology. Mr. Wildnis S.Gogh sets up his dominant force with his large format technology camera. When you are watching an image attentively, the content tells the "story" and the "tech nology thing" is right there in you r face, such as the del icate textu re, rich layers, clear tones, screen particles and you can even feel the technology of camera controlling. At the moment, you can taste the fun and interest of photography. Nowadays, when everything is virtualization, if you stop to taste and stop to stare, you may feel it's real ly a kind of happiness.

With a cup of green tea, tossing off is to quench one's thi rst and drink sip by sip is to savor its taste. Drinking and tossing off are of the same level, no relationshi p with elegance and commonness, and the different is time, scene and functions.

Photography is of no difference. The essence of photography is information as well as taste.山东海角精细木雕印制图片,发行于纽约William H.Seward编著的《环游世界》1873年 刻图尺寸:41/2″X7″(编者注:荣成成山头海草房)Promontory of Shan-TungFine original wood engraving, issued New York: TRAVELS AROUND THEWORLD by William H.Seward and was printed in 1873.size of engraving:4 1/2″X7″传统的积淀 历史的雕琢

当你踏上胶东大地,当你徜徉在黄海之滨,你会发现,一排排海草房起伏在蓝天白云下,簇拥在绿色环抱中,突现在碧波荡漾的大海上。

海草房是古今中外传统民居的一大奇观,也是世界上最具代表性的生态民居。她与中国的陕北窑洞、云南吊脚楼、福建土楼、草原蒙古包等传统自然民居有着共同的特点,具有原生态、地域性和传统艺术特色,是当地人民的伟大创举,是人类与自然抗争、与自然结合的典范。

先人们自从移居胶东半岛的沿海一带,在这块“东方嵎夷”之地,搭建起第一个遮风挡雨的海草棚。海草渔村就这样,开始诞生、繁衍。一代代海草房人便在这里,耕海、种渔,生生不息。

海草房的起源,可以追溯到久远的新石器时代。以捕鱼为生的先人们,用大海馈赠的海草搭建海草窝棚,以栖其身,进而就地取石,垒墙做壁,建成真正意义上的海草房。从秦汉至宋金,经过长期的历史积淀,具有浓厚地域色彩的“原生态”民居—海草房逐步形成和完善。到了元、明、清时代,随着当地沿海居民不断增多,海草房进入了繁荣与鼎盛时期。

海草房主要分布在我国的山东半岛,特别是在半岛最东端的荣成地区附近,遍布于600多个村落中。灰白色的海草苫成高高隆起的屋顶,天然山石砌成厚厚坚实的墙体,木制的网格窗棂和涂着老漆的木门—古朴厚拙、浑然天成。当你沐浴着夕阳的余晖,迎着微微吹来的海风,伴着草房上淡淡的炊烟,走在渔村宁静的小巷,耳边不时回荡着淳朴而浓重的乡音,仿佛置身于童话的世界,走进了世外的桃源。

留存至今的海草房大多都有几十年、上百年,乃至几百年的历史。荣成的俚岛、港西许多村落的海草房都有200多年的历史,个别的海草房已经存续了400多年。宁津附近还保留着明代海草房一条街。这些雕刻着岁月、沉积着历史的海草房,吸引着越来越多的都市人流连忘返、品味感怀。

潮涨潮落,朝朝夕夕;日升月沉,岁岁年年。携着清风,和着海韵,这些经风历雨的海草房,不仅庇佑着她的子民,也见证着社会与文化的历史变迁……Accumulation of Tradition and Carving of History

Setting your foot on the good land of east Shandong China, and wandering about the seashore of the Yellow sea, you will ind rows of sea grass undulating under white cloud and blue sky, surrounded by the green against bluish waves of the sea.

Sea grass cottage, one of the major ancient and modern wonders of traditional houses, and also the world’s most ecologically representative ones. She and China’s northern Shaanxi cave, Yunnan Diaojiao Mansion, Fujian Tulou, the traditional natural grassland yurt dwellings share common features from the original ecolog ical, reg ional, and fol kart that is a great creation and model of local people’s strugg le and above all, a com bi nation of man kind and nature.

Since the forefathers emigrated along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and built up the irst sea grass shelter, sea grass ishing village was born and started multiplying on the east corner of wild land. From generation to generation, the sea grass men do ish farming where sea grass people live forever.

Sea grass cottage’s origins can be traced back to ancient Neolithic. Fishing forefathers lived in shelters built up with the sea grass presented by the sea and built up wall with local stones that represented the genuine sea grass cottage. From the Qin and Han to the Song and Jin dynasties, after a long history of accumulation,with a strong regional lavor “original ecology” residential area sea grass cottage gradually formed and perfected. To the Yuan, Ming and Qing era, with the growth of local residents, sea grass cottage came into the heyday of prosperity.

Sea grass cottages are mainly distributed in China’s Shandong peninsula, especially in Rongcheng, the most eastern vicinity of the Peninsula. The sea grass cottages spread over more than 600 vil lages. Gray thatch of sea grass into a high up lift of the roof, natu ral rock-piled th ick solid wal ls, wooden wi ndow lattice grid and painted doors of the old paint – ancient, thick, clumsy, and natural itself. Bathed in the sunset twi light, faci ng the sea breeze blowing sl ightly and accompan ied by thatched cottage on a hint of smoke, you walk in the quiet ishing village streets and your ears from time to time begin to resound with simplicity and a thick accent, like arriving in afai ry-tale world and Arcad ia.

Most of the retained sea grass cottages are already in decades, a century, or even hundreds of years’ history. In Lidao and Gangxi area, many sea grass cottages have a history of more than 200 years and the individual ones already survived over 400 years. Not far from Ningjin, a sea–grass–cottage street of the Ming Dynasty still exists. With historic sediment and carved by years, these sea grass cottages attract more and more urbanite to linger on and forget to return due to the taste and lavor of these memories.

With ebbs and lows, mornings and evenings; sunrise and moonset, year after year; carrying breeze in the rhythm of the sea, these experienced sea grass cottages are not on ly blessi ngs of her su bjects, but also witnessing of the historical changes in society and cultu re...巨大的千年银杏古树,为周围的海草房伸展着呵护的臂膀,树下的石凳述说着久远的故事。女主人不时地忙着房前屋后的家务,这是她们世世代代的家园。A huge millennium ginkgo tree stretches fo rward her arms, takingcare of sea grass cottag es arou nd, under which the stone bench isdescribing the long story. From time to time, the hostess gets busyon her cottagework around their cottages. This is their home forgenerations to come.我驾车进入山东半岛一条乡间公路时,一座海草渔村映入眼帘。然而村庄周围却找不到制高点拍摄全景,后来发现一家地处较高的临街平房,女主人在院里收拾花生,同意我扛着相机爬上屋顶。When I was d riving into a country road of Shandong Peninsula, a fishing village with sea grass cottagescaug ht my eye. After entering the village, however, I couldn’t find a commanding height for takingpanorama. After a while, a high bungalow beside the street appeared in front of me, in which a hostesswas packi ng pean uts in the cou rtyard. She kindly al lowed me to climb onto the roof with my camera onshoulder.只有为数不多的渔村中的海草房连成一片,她们此起彼伏,在斜阳的映照下,蔚为壮观。多么惬意的傍晚,多么美丽的渔村。Only a handful of fishing villages had the sea grass cottages linked up into a single stretchcoming and going, which made them look magniicent under the sun rays. What a enjoyableevening, what a beautiful fishing village.我驾车来到这个叫作北花园村的村庄时,夜幕开始降临。这里似乎四面环山, 只有一条道路通往外界。Dusk was begi nning to set in when I drove to the village called Beihuayuan. It is almost surrounded bymountai ns and there is only one path leading into it.在村头,我好不容易找到一个停车的地方,扛着设备顶着六级风架好相机,不料房主不欢迎拍照。我只好将车开到了1公里以外的公路上,用480mm镜头采了一个远景。At the end of the village, I finally found a parking place.Carrying equi pment and braving the winds, I settled upmy camera, but the owner thwarted unexpectedly. So Ihad to drive the truck 1 km away from the road, took avision with the 480mm lens.邻此接彼的海草房胡同已经很难找到了。The alley of sea grass cottages is not easy to see.这个村庄分为两部分,在村庄东南处有十几套海草房独成一区,基本保存完好,一排排海草房排列整齐。房后是个高坡,屋前有条小河,树木和高高的苇草簇拥着它们。The village is divided into two parts. In the southeast, dozens of sea grass cottages came up into a singlearea, well-preserved in rows. With a steep slope behind and a small river in front, the cottages are surroundedby tall trees and reeds.大雾仍然弥漫在海草渔村的上空。傍晚,斜阳露出了笑脸,晚霞依然美丽。第二年春天当我再次光顾的时候,主房上的海草已经换成了红瓦。Fog still filled the sky over the fishing village. In the evening, the sun smiled with a still sunset beauty. In thefollowing spring when I once again arrived, the main cottage sea grass roof had been replaced by red tiles.这座海草房建在地势较高的地方,海草筑就的门楼雄伟挺拔,毛茸茸的海草显得柔中带刚,院墙上爬满了豆蔓。黄昏,女主人在院内洗菜,准备“夜饭”。This sea grass cottage was built on a higher ground. The sea grass on the majestic tall and straight gate toweris hairy and soft with strength. Walls are covered with beans on the vine. At twilight in the yard, the hostesswas washing vegetables to prepare supper.这里四季分明,冬季气候寒冷,正房都是坐北朝南。这组海草房有四户人家,建造在离村子比较远的地方,向东越过一个山丘就是大海。There exist four distinct seasons in this village and of which winter is very cold. The main building faces the south and four familiesoccupy it. The cottages were built a little far away from the village, the sea is just a short walk across the eastern hill.荣成的柳树集村,仍然保留了一片独具特色的海草房原始村落。石墙斑驳,街巷阡陌,小河从村中流过。A uniquepri mitive sea grass cottage retains in Liush ujivillage of Rongcheng town, mottledstone walls, the streets of terraced rice padd ies, a river past through the village.测光表没电了,问了几个村民都说这里买不到电池,村里根本没有商店,买东西要到几里外的地方。然而,人们却生活得十分安逸,他们都不愿直面镜头。The exposure meter ran out of power. We went to several villagers and they said there was no shop at all in thevillage and we had to go miles away to buy the battery. Life here is very comfortable and they are not willing toshow their faces in the camera.海草房的主人年近60,从水塘里挑水浇菜,他趔趔趄趄被我拉上了岸。这是他爹的房子,老人去世后便没人住了。风很大,几只鹅鸭在水上嬉戏。我将三脚架架在了松软的河塘斜堰上,拨开遮挡的高大苇草按下了快门。The sea grass cottage master was nearly 60 years old and was carrying water from the pond to water vegetables. In stagger, I pulledhim up to the shore. It is his father’s cottage and nobody lived in it after his father's death. Wind ing strongly, a few geese and ducks wereplaying in the water. I set up the tripod frame in a soft ramp of the weir and pressed the shutter while sweeping aside the block of tall reeds.这一片海草房的旁边是菜地,海草房人一早一晚来这里除草、浇水、拔菜。Here are well-conserved sea grass cottages. Beside the cottages are their vegetable gardens.People come here to weed, water and gather the vegetables in the morning and in the afternoon.这是一套非常完整的海草房组房,主人收拾和维护得非常完好。These are a very comprehensive sea grass cottages which are maintainedand picked up very well by the master.海草渔村的胡同别有一番情趣,游走其间,不时触动着老人对那旧时的回忆。The sea grass cottage alley has a particular interest. Walking along the alley, theold man will get touched by the memories of the past days now and often.主人门前一棵很高的柿子树,深秋时节,树叶已经脱落,在夕阳的照耀下,只有金橙橙的柿子挂在树上。There is a pretty tall persi mmon tree in front of the cottage. At sunset, only the golden persimmonshang on the tree while the leaves shed on the loor in late autumn.人们盖起新的瓦房,这幢海草房已不再住人了,只是作为菜园。藤萝爬满院墙,海草门楼、屋顶、石墙和木门,处处蕴藏着岁月的变迁。New tile buildings were built up and people no longer lived in this cottage. The cottage was only used as a garden. Vines werecrawling over the walls, sea grass gate, roof, stone walls and wooden doors, everywhere was chang ing as time passed by.百年的海草房,在背阴面的海草上通常会生一些苔藓,房顶长出了杂草,由于长年的雨水冲刷,形成了屋檐特殊的图案。Some mosses usually settle down on the back side of the century’s sea grass roofs. Weeds, growing on, forms a special pattern throughout allthe years' rain.高高的台阶,静静的小院,悠闲的老人。这是海草房人生活的幸福小窝。High stages, quiet small courtyards, lived an old man. This is a happy nest of seagrass cottage people.一个风雪交加的夜晚,多少次迷路,多少次受阻,当午夜降临之际,我们驱车来到一个渔港小村。海草房前的路灯依然通亮,狂风中飞舞的雪花在长时间曝光中形成了美妙的图案。In a snowy night, after lots of lost and blocks, we finally drovenear to a small fishing village at dawn midnight. The lightsin front of sea grass cottages were still illuminated. The longexposure wind-blown snow formed a beautiful pattern.渔家小院,石榴树下小屋的窗棂上挂满了农家劳作的工具镰刀、镢头。石板凳上放置着大大小小的坛坛罐罐,是腌制咸菜、储存咸鱼虾酱的器具。In the small fisherman courtyard and under pomegranate tree, wooden window frames are hung withscythes and pickaxes, tools for farmers crafts. Small and big pots and pans on the stone benches arestorage containers for pickled vegetables, salted ish and shrimp paste.雪下了一夜,清晨, 我们来到海草渔村。温暖的阳光洒满大地,中午,路上的雪已开始消融。It snowed the whole night. Early in the morning we arrived at sea grass ishing village. Thesun shed a warm light and began melting snow on roads at noon.大雪覆盖了群山,铺满了大地,它也拥抱着树木,抚慰着海草房。这对海草渔村来说,预示着来年丰收的希望。Covering mountains and the earth, the heavy snow embraced the tree and placated the seagrass cottages. Heavy snow previews the signals of the coming harvest.又是一个飘雪的日子,野生大天鹅迷恋海草渔村的风采,她们在这觅食、饮水、嬉戏、起舞、欢歌。Here’s another snowing day. Infatuated with sea grass village, swans were eating and playing, dancingand singing.烟墩角是山东0000半岛东端的一个海草渔村 ,村前有一个渔港港湾。这里也是野生大天鹅的故乡,每年初雪季节,大天鹅成群结队地从俄罗斯的西伯利亚和蒙古国飞抵山东半岛的天鹅湖,并在周围的许多港湾栖息越冬。Facing a fishing harbor, Yandunjiao, a sea grass fishing village, is located in the eastern end of Shandong Peninsula.Here is also the homeland of wild whooper swans. At the beginning of every irst snowi ng and from Russia’s Siberiaand Mongolia, a large lock of swans arrive in the Swan Lake of Shandong Peni nsula and the surrou nding harbors ingroups as wintering habitat.大雪覆盖着房后的石块和草垛。雪停了,风住了,树木在灯光照射下,映在了海草房的墙壁和屋顶上,形成美妙的风雪夜光图。Snow-covered rocks and haystacks are beh ind the cottage. It had stopped snowing and winding andwith rad iation from the lights, shadows of trees relect on the sea grass cottage wal ls and roof, forminga beautifu l snow-night luminous figure.

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