对口升学考试总复习精要·英语(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2021-02-15 04:10:29

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作者:对口升学考试备考丛书编写委员会

出版社:电子工业出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

对口升学考试总复习精要·英语

对口升学考试总复习精要·英语试读:

前言

普通高校招收中等职业学校毕业生考试已经进行十余年,但是参加这类考试的考生所需的复习资料相对较少,选择面比较窄。为了帮助参加普通高校对口招收中等职业学校毕业生考试的广大考生全面、系统、快速、高效地复习备考,我们邀请了一批资深教研员,国家级重点职业学校的具有丰富对口高考复习教学工作经验的一线教师,参加过对口高考命题、改卷或新考纲制订的骨干教师及长期进行职业教育研究的科研人员,在学习、研究考纲和集体认真研讨的基础上,严格按照《普通高校对口招收中等职业学校毕业生考试纲要》要求,精心编写了对口升学考试总复习精要系列教材,包含语文、数学、英语3册,供参加普通高校招收中等职业学校毕业生考试的考生复习备考之用。

本丛书具有如下特点:

编委阵容强大:作者均系资深教研人员和国家级中职改革发展示范校建设学校及国家级重点中等职业学校的一线骨干教师,具有丰富的对口高考复习教学经验,并常年研究对口高考命题方向。

编写体系成熟:严格按照最新对口高考大纲进行编写,分析了近几年的对口高考试卷,并且根据新的考试动向进行对口高考试题预测。为提高本套丛书质量,特聘请资深专家严格把关。

编写内容齐全:内容涵盖了最新普通高校招收中等职业学校毕业生考试大纲中要求掌握的全部内容,且题目新颖,具有很强的导向性。

本书根据对口考试要点设计了三大部分内容,分别是词法、句法和同步模拟练习。编者在词法和句法部分按章节详细分析考试要点,阐述相关知识要点,结合例题分析,并提供大量的同步练习。在同步模拟练习部分按照新考纲结构要求,并结合基础模块、拓展模块和职业模块三大模块的知识要点,根据对口升学考试题型进行模拟练习。

本书由张健、邓雪红担任主编,陈云光担任副主编,参与编写的还有贾文秀、刘红梅、侯娟娟、高智慧、陈晓茹。

由于编写时间短促、水平有限,在编写过程中,难免有不妥之处,恳请同行专家不吝指正,并欢迎工作在教育第一线的广大教师和参加复习迎考的学生在使用本套丛书过程中,提出宝贵意见,并将此综合信息反馈到电子工业出版社(guanyl@phei.com.cn),以便再版时及时修正。

编 者

2014年1月对口升学考试备考丛书编写委员会

主任委员:章 春

副主任委员:朱西楼 李松柏 高智慧 朱守祥 李良剑

查正和 陈水根 王廷鸿 苗 伟 许富松

朱爱笙 刘芳红 陈正兵 赵贤超 闵芳友

宁永忠 冯志强 王 雷第一部分 词法第一章 名词考试要点

掌握:名词的词义、单复数及在句中相关的主谓一致。知识要点一、名词的定义

表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。二、名词的分类

1.专有名词(1)人名及头衔

如:Winston Churchill,Doctor Mathews(2)著作名称

如:War and Peace 战争与和平,Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见(3)四季、月份、星期、节日

如:

12个月份:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.

一周七天:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.(4)地理:洲、国、区、市

如:American,Africa,England,China,Rome,Florence,Beijing等。(5)地理:江、河、湖、海

如:the Atlantic,the Dead Sea,The Thames等。(6)地理:山脉、沙漠等

如:the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉,the Alps 阿尔比斯山脉,the Sahara撒哈拉沙漠等。

2.普通名词

普通名词(common noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。

如:soldier 士兵 water 水

pupil 学生 health 健康

machine 机器 pleasure 快乐(1)个体名词(class noun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。

如:tractor 拖拉机 panda 熊猫

factory 工厂 teacher 教员(2)集体名词(collective noun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。

如:class 阶级,班 herd 兽群

crowd 人群 army 军队(3)物质名词(material noun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。

如:steel 钢 grain 粮食

fire 火 cotton 棉花(4)抽象名词(abstract noun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。

如:happiness 幸福 life 生活

work 工作 whiteness 白色

[注]名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。可数名词有单、复数之分,不可数名词一般不分单数和复数。类名词和集体名词一般是可数的;抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。有少数名词既可用作不可数名词,又可用作可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:三、名词的数

名词复数分规则复数形式(regular plural)和不规则复数形式(irregular plural)。

1.可数名词复数规则变化

规则复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es。兹将构成方法和读音规则列表如下。

2.可数名词复数的不规则变化(1)不规则变化。

如:child—children foot—feet tooth—teeth

mouse—mice man—men woman—women

注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。

如:an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。(2)单复同形

如:

deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese

除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:

a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters(3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

如:The Chinese are hardworking and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。(4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词。

如:

Maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

news 是不可数名词。

the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。

以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

“The Arabian Nights”is a very interesting story-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

3.复合名词的复数变化(1)第一个组成词是各该复合词的主体名词。

如:

comrade-in-arms comrades-in-arms

daughter-in-law daughters-in-law

listener-in listeners-in

looker-on lookers-on

man-of-war men-of-war

runner-up runners-up

passer-by passers-by(2)第一个和第二个组成词都变为复数。

如:

gentleman boarder gentlemen boarders

manservant menservants

woman comrade women comrades(3)最后一个组成词是各该复合名词的主体名词。

如:

lady driver——lady drivers

boy friend——boy friends

toothpick——toothpicks

four-per-cent——four-per-cents(4)但也有没有主体名词的情况。

如:

close-up——close-ups

sit-in——sit-ins

good-for-nothing——good-for-nothings

stand-by——stand-bys

grown-up——grown-ups

stowaway——stowaways四、名词的所有格

在英语中有些名词可以加“'s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。

名词的所有格有两种形式:

其一是由名词后加's构成,多用来表示有生命的人或物。

其二是由介系词of加名词构成,多用来表示无生命的东西(包括植物)。

1.单数名词词尾加“'s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如:the boy's bag男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。

2.若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“'”,如:the workers'struggle 工人的斗争。

3.凡不能加“'s”的名词,都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。

4.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's理发店。

5.如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”;只有一个's,则表示共有。如:John's and Mary's room(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)

6.复合名词或短语,'s加在最后一个词的词尾,如:a month or two's absence例题解析【例1】We need to come up with a/an______and make a decision at once.

A.information B.advice C.idea D.news

答案:C

解析:本题考查的是可数名词和不可数名词的区别。根据题意“我们需要想出一个主意并立即做出决定”。选项的四个单词只有C项中idea是可数名词。【例2】All the______teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.

A.man B.men C.woman D.women

答案:D

解析:本题考查的是名词做定语的用法。当man,woman做定语时,如表示复数概念,man,woman和其修饰的名词都要变成复数,因题意里提到三月八日是妇女节,所以是所有的女教师庆祝她们的节日,故选择D。【例3】—______that new bike over there?

—I think it's______

A.Who's;Sam B.Who's;Sam's

C.Whose is;Sam D.Whose is;Sam's

答案:D

解析:本题考查的是名词所有格。根据句意“那边的那辆新自行车是谁的?”判断应用whose(谁的)来提问,回答就要用名词所有格Sam's,故选择D。【例4】In the coming summer holidays,my family______going to take a one-week trip to Qingdao.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

答案:B

解析:本题主要考查family指全体家庭成员时,即指“家里的人”,后面的动词为复数形式。由题意得知,只能用一般将来时态,故选择B。同步练习()1.There are only twelve______in the hospital.

A.woman doctors B.women doctors

C.women doctor D.woman doctor()2.Mr.Smith has two_______,both of whom are teachers in a school.

A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws

C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law()3.—How many______does a cow have?

—Four.

A.stomaches B.stomach

C.stomachs D.stomachies()4.Some______visited our school last Wednesday.

A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens()5.The_______of the building are covered with lots of______.

A.roofs;leaves B.rooves;leafs

C.roof;leaf D.roofs;leafs()6.When the farmer returned home he found three_______missing.

A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies()7.That was a fifty_______engine.

A.horse power B.horses power

C.horse powers D.horses powers()8.My father often gives me______.

A.many advice B.much advice

C.a lot of advices D.a few advice()9.Mary broke a______while she was washing up.

A.tea cup B.a cup of tea

C.tea's cup D.cup teas()10.Can you give us some______about the writer?

A.informations B.information

C.piece of informations D.pieces information()11.I had a cup of______and two pieces of______this morning.

A.teas;bread B.teas;breads

C.tea;breads D.tea;bread()12.As is known to us all,______travels much faster than______.

A.lights;sounds B.light;sound

C.sound;light D.sounds;lights()13.She told him of all her______and_______.

A.hope;fear B.hopes;fear

C.hopes;fears D.hope;fears()14.The rising_______have(has)a lot of______to the crops.

A.water;harm B.water;harms

C.waters;harm D.waters;harms()15.—How far away is it from here to your school?

—About______.

A.half an hour's drive B.half hours drives

C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive()16.It won't make much______whether you agree or not.

A.difficulty B.trouble C.difference D.matter()17.No one has yet succeeded in explaining the______of how life began.

A.cause B.problem C.reason D.puzzle()18.You must get there within an hour.There should be no______in sending this information to him.

A.question B.problem C.quarrel D.delay()19.I can't give you the card without Smith's_______.

A.agreement B.allowing C.permission D.performance()20.What impressed me most was that they never lost_______.

A.hearts B.heart C.their heart D.their hearts()21.Though I spoke to him many times,he never took any_______of what I said.

A.remark B.observation C.attention D.notice()22.I went to buy a_______of China Daily.

A.piece B.sheet C.lot D.copy()23.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_______.

A.intention B.purpose C.attempt D.desire()24.There are usually at least two_______of looking at every question.

A.means B.directions C.views D.ways()25.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into_______.

A.fact B.reality C.practice D.deed()26.She is young for the job,but on the other_______,she is well trained.

A.way B.situation C.chance D.hand()27.The most important_______of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.

A.point B.sense C.spot D.view()28.—I'd like______information about the management of your hotel,please.

—Well,you could have______word with the manager.He might be helpful.

A.some;a B.an;some C.some;some D.an;a()29.He told me he had been offered a very well-paid______.

A.business B.service C.work D.position()30.Each player must obey________,who is the leader of the team.

A.captain B.a captain C.the captain D.captains第二章 代词考试要点

掌握:代词定义和特征,特别是不定代词、物主代词、关系代词的不同用法。知识要点一、代词的定义和特征

1.代词的定义

代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。英语中代词使用得很广泛。如:

Zhang Dong visits Mr.Baker every time he is in the United States.

张东每次去美国都要看望贝克先生。代词he代替名词Zhang Dong

Last night,the students watched a film.They all like it.

昨晚学生们看了一部影片。他们都喜欢这部片子。代词they代替students,it代替名词film。

2.代词的特征(1)代词较名词而言,有更多的人称、数、格与词性的复杂变化。(2)代词本身的词义很弱,必须根据上下文来确定。(3)即可单独取代名词的位置,也可起到修饰语的作用。二、代词的分类

代词可分为八类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、不定代词、疑问代词、和关系代词。三、代词的用法

1.人称代词的用法

英语的人称代词有三种形式:第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。三种人称又各有单、复数形式;第三人称单数还有阳性、阴性、中性的区别。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,如下表所示。(1)人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格。

如:

She teaches us English.

她教我们英语。She作主语,用主格;us作宾语,用宾格

If you run out of them,you can buy more at most banks.

如果你的支票用完了,你可以在大多数银行买到。you作主语,用主格,them作宾语,用宾格。(2)人称代词作表语时,通常用宾格,尤其是在口语中。

如:

—Who is it?—It's me

—谁?—我。(3)“we”和“you”可泛指一般人,“they”可泛指某些人,“she”可用来代表“国家、船只、大地、月亮”等。

如:

You should obey the law.

人人都要守法。

China will always do what she has promised to do.

中国一向信守诺言。she在此代表中国。(4)多个人称代词作并列主语时,其排列顺序通常如下:

单数时:你→他(她)→我 you,he/she and I

复数时:我们→你们→他们 we,you and they

2.物主代词的用法

表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。(1)形容词性物主代词,如下表:

形容词性物主代词在句中只作定语。

如:

The colored picture and the interesting name brought him down from his bike.

色彩鲜艳的图片和有趣的名称使他停了下来。his作定语,修饰名词bike(2)名词性物主代词,如下表:

名词性物主代词在句中可作主语,表语和宾语。

如:

This raincoat is not mine.

这不是我的雨披。mine=my raincoat在句中作表语

Mary allows me to use her bike while mine is being repaired.

我的自行车修理期间,玛丽允许我用她的车。mine=my bike 在句中作主语

3.反身代词的用法

反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。(1)在句中作宾语。

如:

She has hurt herself.

她把自己弄伤了。herself作动词hurt的宾语。(2)在句中作表语。

如:

Bob is not quite himself today.

鲍勃今天感到不适。(3)在句中作主语或宾语的同位语。

如:

She will write to your father himself.

她要给你父亲本人写信。himself作宾语your father的同位语。(4)某些习惯用法。

如:

by oneself 独自,单独

make oneself understood 让别人听懂……

enjoy oneself 过得很愉快

talk to oneself 自言自语

say to oneself 心里想

help oneself to sth.请随便吃

make oneself at home 别客气

4.指示代词的用法

指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。

其他还有:such 这样的,same同样的。(1)在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。

如:

This is the reason why an aero plane canˈt fly in space.

这就是飞机不能在宇宙太空飞行的原因。This作主语

What I want to say is this:English is very important to us.

我想要说的是:英语对我们来说很重要。this指下文将要讲的事情,不可用that替换(2)such和same既可作代词,也可作形容词。

the same/the same+名词

such+形容词+名词复数

such+形容词+不可数名词单数

such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数。

如:

I hate such weather!

我讨厌这样的天气。such作定语。

Such is my opinion.

这就是我的观点。Such作主语。

We are in the same class.

我们在同一班级。same 作定语。

The answers are the same.

这些答案是同样的。same作表语。

5.相互代词的用法

相互代词只有each other 和 one another两个,意为“互相”。可以通用,在句中作宾语。

如:

The twins often help each other.

这对双胞胎经常互相帮助。each other 作动词help的宾语。

They have worked in the same building for years,but they don't know one another's name.

他们在一幢楼里工作多年,但却不知对方的姓名。其所有格作定语。

6.不定代词的用法

不明确指代某个特定句、词的代词,称为不定代词。

英语中常见的不定代词有:some,any,both,either,neither,all,none,one,other,another,others,the others,every,few,little等,另外还有由some,any,every和no构成的合成代词。(1)some、any的用法。

some、any可与单、复数名词连用,some一般用于肯定句及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。any与单数名词连用意为“某一个”。

any多用于否定句和疑问句或条件句,表示“一些”。用于肯定句只有跟单数名词连用,意为“任何”。

如:

Could you give me some information about your service?

就你的服务方面你能给我提供一些信息吗?

Some student wants to talk to you.

有学生想和你谈谈。

If you have any difficulty,don't hesitate to contact me.

如有困难,请随时与我联络。(2)many,much的用法。

many 修饰或代替可数名词复数,much修饰或代替不可数名词复数。

如:

Many students were here just now.

刚才这儿有很多学生。Many修饰students

Much has been said about this.

就此事,已说了太多。(3)a few,few和a little,little的用法,如下表所示。

如:I want to say a few words at the meeting.

我想在会上说几句话。

Hurry up!We've little time left.

快点,我们没时间了。(4)both,either,neither的用法:这三个词都指两个人或事,在句中作主语、宾语、定语。

both→两者都,复数概念。

either→两个中任何一个,单数概念。

neither→两个中任何一个都不,单数概念,否定含义。

如:

Both books are out of print.

两本书都已售完。作定语

Neither is ripe.

两个都不熟。作主语

Here are two current magazines.You can borrow either of them.

这儿有两本最近的杂志,你可任借一本。作宾语(5)all,none,no one的用法:all→全部的,都。三个或三个以上,复数概念。

none→任何一个也不,三个或三个以上,单数概念。可指人也可指物,后常连of短语。

no one→没有一个,三个或三个以上,单数概念。仅指人,不能连接of短语。

如:

No one told us about that.

关于那件事没人告诉我们。

All were present at the meeting.

全都到会了。

None of us said anything.

我们谁也没说什么。(6)other,another的用法,如下表所示。

如:

I donˈt like this one.Show me another.

我不喜欢这个,让我看看另一个。

Eighteen students in our class are interested in arts,and the other ones are interested in Maths.

我们班18名学生对艺术感兴趣,其他学生对数学感兴趣。(7)every,each的用法:意为“每一个”单数概念。every→形容词

each比every更强调个性,

如:

Each(student)has a dictionary.

每个学生都有一本词典。

Every one of them worked hard at their lessons.

他们每个人都很努力学习功课。(8)复合不定代词:

注:它们都是单数概念,只能作名词的作用,其定语放在复合不定代词后面。

如:

There is something I must tell you.

有些事,我必须要告诉你。作表语。

I'm afraid I can't help you.You'd better ask someone else.

恐怕我帮不了你。你最好去问问别人。

7.疑问代词的用法

疑问代词包括:who,whom,whose,what,which用来构成特殊疑问句,一般放在句首,除作主语外,其结构应倒装。

如:

What is your father?你父亲是干什么的?

Who didn't attend yesterday's meeting?谁没参加昨天的会议?

From whom did you get this book?=Who did you get this book from?

8.关系代词的用法

关系代词“who,whom,whose,which,that”用来引导定语从句。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中由定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。

如:

The girl who answered the phone was polite enough.

接电话的那个姑娘很有礼貌。who在从句中作主语。

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.

你是唯一可能使他听从劝告的人。whose在句中作定语。(1)whom,which,that在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。

This is the key(that)I want.

这就是我想要的钥匙。(2)当先行词是不定代词或有不定代词、形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,一般用that。

如:

He is the most intelligent boy that I have ever seen.

他是我见过的最聪明的孩子。

This is the third school that I was sent to that year.

这是那年我上的第三个学校。

9.It的用法(1)作人称代词:可代替婴儿、前文所提之事物或前边说过的句子或短语。

如:

The baby is sleeping.Don't wake it up.

婴儿在睡觉。别吵醒他。

You push a shopping cart and put your food in it.

推一辆购物车并把食品放进去。it代替前面所提到的cart(2)非人称代词:指时间、季节、天气、距离、环境等。

如:

It was a very,very bad day for Fred.

这天对于弗莱德来说糟糕透了。

I live at Number 25.It is about ten minutes'walk.

我住在25号。大约走10分钟的路。(3)作引词:作形式主语、形式宾语,构成强调句型。

如:

It is not easy to speak English well.

要说好英语不容易。

I think it impossible for me to speak English well.

我认为我要说好英语是不可能的。

It was your father that I met in the street last Friday.

上周五我在街上碰到的是你父亲。例题解析【例1】—What's his father?

—______.

A.He worked at the desk.

B.He is in charge of the public relations office of the company.

C.A carpentry

D.A cooker

答案:B

解析:疑问代词what+be+somebody?是问某人的职业。因而只有答案B(他是这家公司公关部负责人。)符合此问。【例2】Mr.Baker has the same car______.

A.as Kate does B.that I have C.as beautiful D.which I do

答案:A

解析:本题中的指示代词same有一固定词组搭配:the same as,所以选A。【例3】—We thanked her for giving us so______help.

—What you did was right.

A.many B.much C.most D.more

答案:B

解析:根据本题题意应为:我们感谢她给我们许多帮助。该句无比较含义,因而排除C和D,help为不可数名词需用不定代词much修饰,所以选B。【例4】He usually tells a lie,________we don't like at all.

A.since B.that C.as D.which

答案:D

解析:该句的结构为非限定性定语从句,此处需用一关系代词,而that不能用于此句型。关系代词which可引导非限定性定语从句,并在此句中用来代替前面的句子,所以选D。同步练习()1.There's_______in this envelope.It's empty.

A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything()2.They_______going to see my mother this Sunday.

A.both B.both are C.are both of D.are both()3.Dr.Brown has four sons:_______is in London and_______in New York.

A.one,the other B.one,the others

C.one,another D.another,ones()4.It would be perfect if supply and demand would always balance_______.

A.another one B.each other

C.one another D.other one()5._______have known each other for ten years.

A.I,you and he B.I,he and you

C.He,you and I D.You,he and I()6.Everybody must have______own choice.

A.their B.your C.one's D.our()7.They were all very tired,but______of them would stop to take a rest.

A.any B.some C.none D.neither()8.The Olympic Games are held_______four years.

A.every B.each C.both D.all()9.As they were asleep,_______of them heard the sound.

A.all B.both C.any D.none()10.He is ill._______is why he didn't attend the meeting.

A.This B.It C.There D.That()11.Don't hurry.We still have_______time left.

A.little B.few C.a little D.a few()12.“Shall I buy______milk?”“Yes,I still have_______.”

A.some;some B.some;a few

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