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桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2015年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解
Ⅰ. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point for each)
1. OTC【答案】非处方药
2. IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会
3. GPS【答案】全球定位系统
4. CAD【答案】计算机辅助设计
5. IPO【答案】首次公开募股
6. intralingual translation【答案】语内翻译
7. irrevocable L/C【答案】不可撤销信用证
8. force majeure【答案】不可抗力
9. For Whom the Bell Tolls【答案】《丧钟为谁而鸣》
10. minutes of a meeting【答案】会议记录
11. high-end consumer product【答案】高端消费品
12. boomerang children【答案】啃老族
13. penalty kick【答案】罚点球
14. lunar rover【答案】探月车
15. Ebola phobia【答案】埃博拉恐慌
Ⅱ. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point for each)
1. 沪港通【答案】Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect
2. 亚太自贸区【答案】FTAAP（Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific）
3. 信息产业部【答案】MII (Ministry of Information Industry)
4. 芦笛岩【答案】Reed Flute Cave
5. 冬至【答案】winter solstice
6. 落地签证【答案】visa on arrival
7. 传销窝点【答案】pyramid selling den
8. 舌尖上的中国【答案】A Bite of China
9. 留守儿童【答案】left behind children
10. 农家乐【答案】agritainment
11. 上海书展【答案】Shanghai Book Fair
12. 雾霾天气【答案】hazy weather
13. 学术造假【答案】academic cheating
14. 抗震救灾【答案】earthquake relief
15. 商标侵权【答案】trademark infringement
Ⅲ. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)
No one can deny that in recent years the need to “save the planet” from global warming has become one of the most pervasive issues of our time. As Tony Blair’s chief scientific adviser, Sir David King, claimed in 2004, it poses “a far greater threat to the world than international terrorism”, warning that by the end of this century the only habitable continent left will be Antarctica.
Inevitably, many people have been bemused by this somewhat one-sided debate, imagining that if so many experts are agreed, then there must be something in it. But if we set the story of how this fear was promoted in the context of other scares before it, the parallels which emerge might leave any honest believer in global warming feeling uncomfortable.
The story of how the panic over climate change was pushed to the top of the international agenda falls into five main stages. Stage one came in the 1970s when many scientists expressed alarm over what they saw as a disastrous change in the earth’s climate. Their fear was not of warming but global cooling, of “a new Ice Age”.
For three decades, after a sharp rise in the interwar years up to 1940, global temperatures had been falling. The one thing certain about climate is that it is always changing. Since we began to emerge from the last Ice Age 20,000 years ago, temperatures have been through significant swings several times. The hottest period occurred around 8,000 years ago and was followed by a long cooling. Then came what is known as the “Roman Warming”, coinciding with the Roman empire. Three centuries of cooling in the Dark Ages were followed by the “Mediaeval Warming”, when the evidence agrees the world was hotter than today.
In the past three years, we have seen the EU announcing every kind of measure geared to fighting climate change, from building ever more highly-subsidised wind turbines, to a commitment that by 2050 it will have reduced carbon emissions by 60 per cent. This is a pledge that could only be met by such a massive reduction in living standards.【参考译文】
无人否认，“拯救地球”、遏制全球变暖趋势的必要性近年来已成为我们这个时代最具普遍性的问题之一。正如托尼·布莱尔的首席科学顾问戴维金爵士2004年所说的那样，这个问题“对全世界的构成的威胁远比国际恐怖主义大得多”，并警告说，到本世纪末，唯一剩下的可居住的大陆将是南极洲。
对这种多少有些片面的论调，许多人难免感到困惑，设想如果如此多的专家在这一点上意见一致，那么肯定会有某些道理。但是如果我们联系之前所产生过的其他恐惧来看待这种担心所生发的过程，他们之间的相似之处则可能会令那些真心相信全球变暖的人感到不安。
对气候变化的恐慌被推至全球议事日程之首，这经历了五个主要阶段。第一阶段开始于上世纪70年代，当时许多科学家认为地球的气候正经历灾难性的变化，并为此发出了警告。他们担心的不是全球变暖，而是“一个新的冰河时代”所带来的全球降温。
在截至1940年前的两次世界大战之间，全球气温急剧上升，之后的30年中，气温则持续下降。关于气候有一点是可以肯定的，那就是它始终在变化之中。自两万年前我们开始走出最后一个冰河时代以来，全球气温经历了几次重大的变化。最热的时期出现在8000年前，紧接着一个漫长的凉爽期。随后是众所周知的“罗马温暖期”，时值罗马帝国时期。黑暗时代三百年的凉爽期过后是“中世纪温暖期”，有迹象表明当时的世界比现在还热。
在过去的三年里，欧盟宣布采取各种旨在遏制气候变化的措施，如政府以从未有过的高额补贴修建风力发电机组，并承诺到2050年将二氧化碳排放量减少60%。如果不大幅度降低人们的生活水平，这样的保证恐怕无法实现。
IV. Translate the following passage into English. (60 points)
老舍茶馆并非老舍先生或者其后人开的茶馆，也非老舍先生笔下《茶馆》的原型。以“老舍茶馆”命名，一来可以让人立刻联想到老舍先生的名作《茶馆》中描写老北京市井风情的画面，二来是因为茶与传统戏剧一样，都是中国传统文化的一部分，而且将戏曲曲艺与茶馆相结合的形式，在老北京早已有之。另外，老舍先生作为老一辈“人民艺术家”，创作了多部反映北京城市市民生活的作品，是北京文化的杰出代表。
四合茶院融合了“北方庄重、南方素雅”的特点，材质上选用了大量的玻璃和木材，在保留老北京四合院正房原貌的同时，还将厢房变得错落有致、变化多端，弥补了场地的不足，也体现了传统与现代的完美结合。而院落中那萋萋草坪、轻盈低啭的小鸟、个性化的装潢则增添了小院的几分灵动。【参考译文】
Lao She Teahouse is neither opened by Lao She or his descendants nor the prototype of the play Teahouse written by Lao She. The fact that it is named as Lao She Teahouse on the one hand can instantly remind people of local customs of the old Beijing described in Lao She’s famous work Teahouse. On the other hand, it is because that tea, which is like traditional drama, is a part of traditional Chinese culture. Besides, the combination between Chinese opera and teahouse has long been created in the old Beijing. In addition, as one of the people’s artists of the old generation, Lao She wrote several literary works reflecting people’s life in Beijing, which are the excellent representatives of Beijing culture.
Tea courtyard, made of a large quantity of glass and wood, incorporates solemnness of the North with elegance of the South. It not only preserves the original appearance of the principal room in courtyard but also has wing-rooms been well-proportioned and variable, solving the problem of insufficiency of the place as well as embodying the perfect combination of the traditional culture and modern style. Furthermore, verdant lawn in the yard, chirping birds and personalized decoration add vitality to the yard.
2015年桂林电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（B卷）及详解
Ⅰ. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point for each)
1. NBA【答案】全美篮球协会
2. ISO【答案】国际标准化组织
3. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织
4. CAM【答案】计算机辅助制造
5. ASEAN【答案】东盟
6. documentary L/C【答案】跟单信用证
7. board resolution【答案】董事会决议案
8. A Farewell to Arms【答案】《永别了，武器》
9. interlingual translation【答案】语际翻译
10. sense of good usage【答案】良好使用意识
11. admission office【答案】招生办
12. the State Council【答案】国务院
13. time deposit【答案】定期存款
14. by hook and by crook【答案】不择手段
15. chief arbitrator【答案】首席仲裁员
Ⅱ. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point for each)
1. 司法部【答案】Justice Ministry
2. 拼车【答案】carpool
3. 回扣【答案】rebate
4. 量子计算机【答案】quantum computer
5. 穷游【答案】travel on a budget
6. 儒学家【答案】Confucian
7. 《水浒传》【答案】Water Margin
8. 叠彩山【答案】Piled Silk Hill
9. 立冬【答案】Beginning of Winter
10. 和平共处五项原则【答案】the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
11. 扶贫【答案】poverty relief
12. 学术委员会【答案】academic board
13. 经济特区【答案】special economic zone(SEZ)
14. 违约金【答案】liquidated damage
15. 入境签证【答案】entry visa
Ⅲ. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)
The United Nations has released population data confirming the continuation of long-term global demographic trends and a larger global population than previously projected. Nations cannot afford to ignore trends including reduced fertility among most nations and limited family planning for others, and growing ranks of the elderly and accelerated urbanization pose new challenges.
The world population is larger. Global population achieved a milestone in 2011, hitting the 7 billion mark. Currently at 7.2 billion, the world is projected to increase by almost another billion people, climbing to 8.1 billion by 2025.
The population is older. Countries continue to age substantially, with those aged 60 or older the fastest growing segment. In developed countries, almost one in four is an older person, with more older people than children. Fertility is lower and family size smaller. The decline in population growth at the world level is the consequence of near universal reduction of fertility. Women are marrying later or not at all, postponing childbearing and having fewer or no children, and fertility has fallen to 2.5 children per woman. People are also living longer. Life expectancy is higher in most countries due to systematic progress against mortality. One can expect to live to age 77 in developed countries and to age 67 in developing countries.
The world is more urbanized. More than half of the world’s population consists of urban dwellers, and this is expected to climb to two-thirds by mid-century. International migration is increasing in both volume and impact. Although the increase in the number of migrants has faltered in the aftermath of the global economic recession, more people than ever reside in a country other than where they were born. There are 232 million international migrants, 3 percent of world population.
Most of the planet’s people will live in cities. Virtually all expected population growth will be concentrated in the urban areas of poor countries increasing the threat of pollution and epidemic. By 2050, the number of people living in cities will almost be equal to today’s world population. In 1950, only two cities in the world had at least 10 million inhabitants. Today, 23 megacities have more than 10 million inhabitants; by 2025, the number of megacities is projected to reach 37.【参考译文】
联合国公布的人口数据证实，全球人口的长期趋势仍呈持续增长态势，全球人口数量要大于此前的预测值。各国已承担不起无视发展趋势造成的后果。这些趋势包括：大多数国家生育率下降，而另一些国家在推行计划生育政策方面的力度有限，老龄人口的持续增加和城市化进程的加速构成新的挑战。
世界人口在增加。全球人口2011年达到70亿的标志值，具有里程碑意义。全球人口目前已达72亿。到2025年，世界人口预计还将增加10亿，达到81亿。
人口在老龄化。各国老龄化幅度仍很高，60岁及以上者是增长速度最快的群体。在发达国家，差不多每4个人中就有1个老年人，老年人数量已超过儿童数量。生育率更低。家庭规模在缩小。从世界范围看，导致人口增量下滑的原因是，生育率几乎普遍在下降。女性晚婚，或者根本不结婚，晚育，少育，或不生育。生育率已降至每名女性生育2.5个孩子。人们也更长寿。大多数国家的预期寿命更高，因为在应对死亡率方面取得了系统性的进展。发达国家和发展中国家的预期寿命分别可达77岁和67岁。
当今世界的城市化程度更高了。城市居民占世界人口一半以上。预计到本世纪中叶，城市居民所占世界人口比例将增加2/3。国际移民的数量和影响都在持续增加。虽然全球经济衰退导致移民数量下降，但在非出生地定居的人数超过了以往任何时候。国际移民数量目前为2.32亿，占世界人口的3%。
地球上的大多数人都将生活在城市里。几乎所有预测新增人口都
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