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兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)
Multiple choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1．The Chief Cabinet Secretary ordered all cabinet members yesterday to search campaign fund records for any contributions from an industry, ________ for tax evasion and links with organized crime.
A. accountable
B. notorious
C. inexorable
D. pregnant【答案】B【解析】句意：昨日内阁官房长官下令所有内阁成员搜索贡献自任何一个行业的活动基金记录，他们因逃税和与组织犯罪有联系而臭名昭著。notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的。accountable，有责任的。inexorable无情的；不屈不挠的。pregnant怀孕的。
2．She has been gesturing with one hand, to _______ what she said.
A. rotate
B. facilitate
C. emphasize
D. substitute【答案】C【解析】句意：她一直用一只手打手势来强调她说的话。emphasize强调，着重。rotate使旋转。facilitate促进；帮助。substitute代替。
3．Other countries’ currencies are either fixed in value or _______ against the dollar in the world’s foreign exchange markets.
A. regulate
B. fluctuate
C. devastate
D. emulate【答案】B【解析】句意：其他国家的货币要么在价值上固定要么在全球汇率市场上和美元反向波动。fluctuate波动。regulate调节，规定。devastate毁灭；毁坏。emulate仿真；模仿。
4．I disapprove of diets so strongly because I think it’s wrong suddenly to _______ your body ________ certain foods.
A. switch...off
B. deprive... of
C. immerse...in
D. rid ... of【答案】B【解析】句意：我强烈反对节食因为我认为突然剥夺身体吸收某些食物是错误的。deprive... of剥夺…的…；使丧失。switch off（用开关）关掉；切断（电源）。immerse in全神贯注于，专心于；把…浸入水中。rid of 除去，摆脱。
5．He is planning to go to Tehran to ________ peace moves through the Islamic Conference Organization.
A. publish
B. survey
C. initiate
D. hoist【答案】C【解析】句意：他计划去德黑兰通过伊斯兰会议组织来发起和平行动。initiate开始，创始hoist（用绳索，起重机等）使升起。publish出版；发表。survey调查；勘测。
6．Too often we act on assumptions that bear little or no _______ to fact or evidence.
A. illustration
B. association
C. resemblance
D. reference【答案】C【解析】句意：我们太常依照有很少或者根本没有事实依据的假设而采取行动。resemblance相似。illustration说明；插图。association协会，联盟。reference参考；涉及。
7．Both prosecution and defense lawyers gave _______ closing remarks.
A. eloquent
B. efficient
C. realistic
D. objective【答案】A【解析】句意：控方律师和辩护律师都做了具有说服力的总结发言。eloquent有说服力的。efficient有效率的。realistic现实的。objective客观的；目标的。
8．That is the rate of monetary growth which is _______ avoiding inflation.
A. symbolic of
B. unintentional for
C. subsequent to
D. compatible with【答案】D【解析】句意：货币增长是与避免通货膨胀相配的。compatible with与…和谐相处；与…相配的。symbolic of…的象征。unintentional for无意的。subsequent to继…之后。
9．In the war many families have lost everything they _______ and hold dear.
A. cherish
B. haunt
C. breach
D. nourish【答案】A【解析】句意：在战争中很多家庭失去了他们珍爱、看重的所有东西。cherish珍爱。haunt常出没于…。breach违反，破坏。nourish滋养；怀有。
10．I am on the _______ of retirement and I believe Paul would be happy to take my place.
A. verge
B. border
C. edge
D. basis【答案】A【解析】句意：我接近退休了，玩相信保罗很开心接受我的职位。on the verge of濒临于；接近于。on the border of在…的边界上。on the edge of几乎；濒于。on the basis of根据；基于…。
11．The authorities were not sympathetic to the students’ demands, _______ any disruption.
A. and would they not tolerate
B. not would they tolerate
C. or they would not tolerate
D. nor would they tolerate【答案】D【解析】句意：当局既不赞同学生们的要求，也不会容忍任何混乱发生。本题考查部分倒装，否定词nor提前时，句子结构为：neither/nor/no more+助动词+主语（表示也不），本题中语序为nor would they tolerate。
12．Our attempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our language and _______.
A. having them obeying
B. having them to obey
C. having them obeyed
D. having them being obeyed【答案】C【解析】句意：我们为与其它生物交流所做的尝试主要是用我们的语言发出命令并让它们服从。have sth. done使得。
13．Alex Hart is an unusual person. I have never met _______ individual.
A. a more extraordinary
B. a most extraordinary
C. the more extraordinary
D. the most extraordinary【答案】A【解析】句意：艾利克斯哈特是一个不寻常的人。我从没遇见任何一个更特别的人。根据语境，主语“我”想表达的是Alex非常特别，因此用“从没遇见任何一个更特别的人（a more extraordinary）”来加强语气。
14．In the scientific station _______ designed to record moonquakes and meteorite impacts.
A. instruments were
B. were instruments
C. do instruments stand
D. instruments stand【答案】B【解析】句意：在科学站，工具被设计用于记录月震和陨石撞击。此处were提前至主语前，倒装表示强调工具被设计用于记录月震和陨石撞击。
15．Each penny, dime, and quarter _______ carefully by the bank teller.
A. are counting
B. is counting
C. are counted
D. is counted【答案】D【解析】句意：每一分、一角、两角五分都被银行行员仔细地计数。由于货币只能被数，因此采用被动形式；由于each表示“每一个”，be动词遵循主谓一致的原则采用单数形式is。
16．I couldn’t mention other examples of your bad work, but ________ to say that your performance has been unsatisfactory.
A. it suffices
B. suffices it
C. it suffice
D. suffice it【答案】D【解析】句意：我不能提及你工作糟糕的其他例子，但已经足够说明你的表现令人失望了。suffice it to say只要说…就够了。
17．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _______ round the earth.
A. circles
B. is circling
C. be circling
D. were circling【答案】D【解析】句意：太阳从东边升起从西边落下，所以看起来太阳是围绕地球转动的。as if后一般用虚拟语气，当所说内容与现在事实相反时用过去式（be动词用were），由于我们知道太阳并不是围绕地球转的，此处就是这情况，采用were circling。
18．“Did you have to go to the court?” “No, I didn’t. But I would ________ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”
A. had
B. have
C. be
D. do【答案】B【解析】句意：你必须出庭吗？不，我没出庭。但是如果我的律师没这么出色的话我可能就要出庭了。根据didn’t判断这段对话是针对过去发生的事情的。if引导的虚拟条件句是对过去事情的虚拟，用过去完成时hadn’t been，那么“我会出庭”就建立在一个虚假的过去的条件之上，用would have done的形式，完整的句子应该是would have gone to court,但因为前文提到了，所以可以省略。
19．________ his words with care, the speaker suggested that the Government was mistaken in its attitude.
A. Having chosen
B. Being choosing
C. When chosen
D. While choosing【答案】D【解析】句意：字句斟酌，发言人示意政府在态度上搞错了。根据语境，修饰部分和主句部分并没有先后关系，排除A项由于是发言人主动发出斟酌字句的动作，因此采用主动语态，排除Ｃ项；表示主动发出动作时，可以省略being，排除B项，故D项为正确答案。
20．They offered him the job on the strength of his letter. He _________ an interview.
A. mustn’t even have to have
B. shouldn’t even have to have
C. didn’t even have to have
D. mightn’t even have to have【答案】C【解析】句意：他们根据他求职信的优势给他提供了职位。他甚至都不用参加面试。本题中国实义动词为第二个have，意为“有”；情态动词为have to，意为“必须”，表是“非必须；不用”选择didn’t have to。
II. Reading comprehension (40’)
Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
Silence: A Story of Courage and Healing
Some say that silence is a great healer. If you’d said that to me two years ago, I would have agreed. “Silence,” I would have argued, “is anything but healing. There is nothing therapeutic about keeping your feelings inside, never talking about what’s going on in your life.” I now believe that silence is the reward you get from great healing in addition to being the healer itself. But 1 didn’t know that then.
I had never understood the value of silence. I didn’t have to. My family was loud and happy. And why not? Nothing serious ever went wrong--not that we knew about. Sure, my siblings and I always fought noisily until our mom yelled at us to stop. Then we’d shout and complain about injustice, but always, eventually, hug and make-up. Within the parameters of my innocent world, I knew silence as a lack of something: a lack of noise, a lack of discussion, a lack of feeling, a lack of love. Maybe I was even a little afraid of the emptiness it created--the aural darkness where forgiveness never happened; I thought I knew ... I was very wrong.
Jaime entered my life without much fanfare about two years ago. I’ll never forget the day I met him. My university required a community service stint to graduate, and I wanted to get it out of the way. I’d heard that the local YMCA was a good resource, and I liked working with little kids. I thought maybe they’d let me teach swimming. So on a cool October day in the fall of my sophomore year, I made my way to the YMCA looking for easy credits.
I didn’t have a car at school until my junior year of college, so if I needed to go anywhere, I would generally catch a ride with a friend or walk. On that particular day, no friend was available and the ten-mile walk was far beyond my dedication to public service. Consequently, I was at the mercy of public transportation. Thankfully, I’d heard the local bus system was pretty reliable. With the help of the CITA bus line map, I climbed onto Bus Route 3, paid my fifty cents, and scanned for a seat. Buses often have their own unique demographic: each crowd is unlike any other. On this bus, most everyone was either asleep or totally oblivious. Except for one kid. He wasn’t all that big-maybe thirteen years old-and he seated by himself, farther apart from the other riders than seemed possible in such a crowed space. Unlike the others, his eyes were alert. And they were glued on me.
Normally, I ignore people with such awkward habits. But for some reason, I couldn’t stop starting back. Older still, instead of avoiding him, I found myself passing an empty seat to sit on the bench beside him. Once I did, he turned to look out the window. That’s when the strangeness of it all hit me, and I started to feel a little awkward. I wanted to get back control of the situation. Trying to be subtle, I looked him over. I noticed some scarring on his hands, and a small gash on his cheek. Suddenly, He turned and looked me in the eye. Expecting him to say something, I just waited, watching. He said nothing. After about fifteen seconds, I couldn’t take the silence anymore.
“Hi,” I said, trying not to appear as nervous as I felt. No response. He just kept staring. “I’m Katie.” I added a smile. Again, I received no response. I gave it one more try.
“I’ve never used the bus system before. It seems pretty reliable. Do you use it a lot?” Silence. My cheery voice sounded out of place. Other people were starting to stare at me. This time I gave UP and tamed my head toward the front of the bus, trying to ignore the thirteen-year-old staring me down... again, I opened my cell phone to check the time and saw that only two minutes had passed. This was going to be the longest bus ride ever. Then a thin voice cut through the silence. “I’m Jaime.”
My heart skipped a beat. Could it be that my silence was the catalyst for this small victory? By allowing Jaime the room that silence allows to make his own decision about talking to me, I had made a connection. Suddenly, I knew that my long heed opinion of silence was forever changed.
1．Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?
A. A dialogue between two people in which both relate their reasons for travel in an almost equal amount of detail
B. An account of the narrator’s perspective of meeting a life-changing new person for the first time.
C. A character sketch of two people as related by a narrator who knows both of them and their thoughts.
D. A detailed narration the narrator’s community service projects accompanied by a description one of the people she helped.
2．Based on the passage, which of the following statements best describes the overall attitude of the narrator towards the boy?
A. The boy’s quiet, composed behavior challenges the narrator and makes her initially uncomfortable.
B. The boy’s aggressive behavior frightens the narrator and makes her angry.
C. The boy’s friendly demeanor relaxes the narrator and makes her more thoughtful.
D. The boy’s apathy provokes the narrator and makes her wistful, longing for the quiet days of her youth.
3．It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that the narrator had been raised with which of the following attitudes towards silence?
A. It is pleasant and calming.
B. It is positive and reaffirming.
C. It is dangerous and threatening.
D. It is empty and ominous
4．According to the narrator, silence is usually characterized by_____.
A. forgiveness
B. absence
C. injustice
D. innocence
5．In relation to the first paragraph’s earlier description of silence, the narrator’s comments in lines 6-8 primarily serve to_____
A. reveal how silence heals a person.
B. Explain how silence can actually be a positive force.
C. clarify why the narrator distrusts silence.
D. suggest that silence is quite overrated.
6．Which of the following statements about the people on the bus is best supported by the passage?
A. The bus is filled with fascinating people, most of whom you see on every bus ride.
B. People who ride the bus are always quiet.
C. You might never see the same people on any given bus ride.
D. People who take the bus are dull and uninteresting.
7．According to the passage, the main reason the narrator decided to go to the YMCA was that_____
A. her university required community service credits.
B. she liked to swim.
C. she was looking for a new job working with children.
D. she was exploring her new town.
8．Based on the narrator’s account, the boy, Jaime, is best described as_____
A. sleepy, yet hostile.
B. bored and antagonistic.
C. outgoing and friendly.
D. aware, yet shy.
9．As it is used in line 15, the word parameters most nearly means_____
A. requirements.
B. variables.
C. limitations.
D. attributes.
10．In the passage, the narrator describes her cheery voice as sounding out of place most likely because_____
A. the bus was silent; most of the other passengers were asleep or lost in their own thoughts.
B. the bus was noisy; most of the other passengers were loudly talking to their neighbors.
C. the bus was noisy; most of the other passengers were arguing with their neighbors.
D. the bus was silent; most of the ether passengers were watching a scene on the street.【答案与解析】
1．B 文章大意题。作者在第二段结尾提到她曾经不理解silence的意义，直到他遇见了Jaime，并在下文仔细讲述了和Jaime相遇的情形，原文最后一段话，作者说“Suddenly, I knew that my long heed opinion of silence was forever changed.”可以总结出本文是关于作者碰到一个人后改变了她一直以来的看法的故事，故B项为正确答案。
2．A 推断题。Jaime先是盯着作者，在第五段中部作者写到“That’s when the strangeness of it all hit me, and I started to feel a little awkward.”说明Jaime一开始让她感到不舒服，并且作者几次尝试互动均未得到回应，非常尴尬，可以推断出Jaime沉着冷静的行为对作者发起了挑战、让她一开始感到不舒服，故A项为正确答案。
3．D 推断题。原文第二段“I knew silence as a lack of something”作者曾认为安静是缺失的表现，以及“Maybe I was even a little afraid of the emptiness it created--the aural darkness where forgiveness never happened”表明她惧怕安静带来的空虚感，就像黑暗，可以推断出作者认为安静是空虚和不详的，故D项为正确答案。
4．B 细节题。原文第二段倒数第三句话“Within the parameters of my innocent world, I knew silence as a lack of something: a lack of noise, a lack of discussion, a lack of feeling, a lack of love.”提到作者认为安静是缺失的表现：缺少声音、探讨、感受和爱，absence（没有；缺乏）最符合作者看法，故B项为正确答案。
5．C 作者意图题。原文第二段开头讲作者小时候不理解也不需要理解安静的价值，并讲述了她热闹的童年家庭生活，并坦言这样的生活使她认为安静是空虚的，从而引出下文Jaime改变了她对安静的看法，可以看出作者这样写的目的是解释她为何不信任安静，故C项为正确答案。
6．C 细节题。原文第四段“Buses often have their own unique demographic:”说公交车都有他们特殊的人口组成，即人们可能不能在其他公交车上再遇到一样的一群人，故C项为正确答案。
7．A 细节题。原文第三段第三句话“My university required a community service stint to graduate, and I wanted to get it out of the way.”作者写到她的大学让他们完成社区服务，本段最后一句话“So on a cool October day in the fall of my sophomore year, I made my way to the YMCA looking for easy credits.”写到她去YMCA是为了很简单地得到学分，即她这样做的原因是大学有学分要求，故A项为正确答案。
8．D 推断题。原文第四段倒数第二句话提到“Unlike the others, his eyes were alert.”，并且作者希望与Jaime互动均未果，直到后来Jaime才开口说话，可以看出他是警觉并且害羞的，故D项为正确答案。
9．C 猜词题。原文第二段中部“Within the parameters of my innocent world...”以及结尾“I thought I knew ... I was very wrong.”可以看出作者认为自己当时是年轻单纯的，之后意识到了自己错误的想法，limitations（局限）最为符合逻辑，故C项为正确答案。
10．A 细节题。原文第四段提到“On this bus, most everyone was either asleep or totally oblivious.”车上的人们都是睡着或者心不在焉的，因此作者的话在这样的环境中显得格外突出，故A项为正确答案。
Passage B
A cold wind soothed the faces of the sweaty men huddled on the muddy field. The team stared at the goat line and focus on game-ending, season-defining play in front of them. Dusty air fitted their lungs with each deep heave they mustered.
For almost two hours the men had battled their opponents on the barren football field. Joe, the center, could see the coach describing the play to a younger player. He was one of the grunts, a lineman, big and tall and eager to push open gaps for the backs. The underclassman’s labored jog back to the huddle mirrored every man’s fatigue.
The quarterback confirmed the play and articulated it to his team. Joe saw his mouth move but could not hear the words; nonetheless, he knew his blocking assignment. The hiss of the crowd muffled all sound on the field. Suddenly, Joe picked a voice out of the din, and turned his attention to his good friend Mark. “This is it guys,” Mark was yelling. “We’ve been practicing for four months this season and for three more years before that. It’s time we score and take home a win. Let’s get it done!” They all clasped hands to break the huddle and returned to their individual concentration.
Time seemed to drag as the team marched back to the line of scrimmage. Joe glared at his opponents, pleased by the heavy clouds of vapor billowing from their mouths. Exhaustion was written on their faces and in their twitchy movements on the line. He turned his head toward the place in which he wanted to force a gap, then to the defensive end who stood fast which his hands on his knees, gaze fixed on the ground. Joe smiled inwardly: he knew his team had beaten the other with physical play and superior endurance. Time froze as he prepared to snap the ball.
Joe leaned over carefully and clutched the moist leather ball. His teammates cautiously took their places right and left, lining up as in countless practice drills, in perfect order. Like clockwork, too, was each man’s thorough examination of the opposing force, scanning back and forth for a gap or a weak player, feeling the opponents’ stares in return. Joe felt the quarterback crouch behind him. The passer’s booming voice still did not register with Joe, but instinct told him what he needed to know. Three staccato hikes later, he snapped 45 the ball with speed and hurled himself towards the first defender.
Joe felt the crunch of pads and brought his forearm under the other man’s shoulder pads. Lifting with his arms and legs, he threw the lesser player onto his back. The meager lineman lay stunned for a moment, which greatly amused Joe, assuming the two yards he had sent his man back was more than enough to free the rusher to enter the end zone. This lucid moment lasted but a split second before Joe again lunged toward an upright opponent.
Joe turned abruptly at the sound of a whistle and strained to find the scoring rusher. Something was wrong. Joe’s teammates stood stunned, staring at the pile of defensive players who had fallen on their 60 running back. Referees began pulling men off the heap. With only a few men left on the ground, Joe could see the ball still in the backfield, and in the arms of an opponent. He heard his coach from the sideline: “Fumble? Are you kidding me? I can’t believe you guys!”
His men had turned over possession of the hall, and time ran out on the game. “We had them beat, you know,” Mark hissed to Joe as they walked slowly off the field. “They were dead tired. We should have 70 won the game.” Their one chance was gone and now they had to endure the other team’s celebration on the field. Joe’s team never liked losing, but having come so close to a victory that day meant their last-minute defeat would, be especially disappointing.
11．Joe would most likely agree with which of the following statements about the relationship between the players on his team?
A. The players take the game very seriously and spend little time interacting with one another.
B. Most of the players are excellent friends and maintain a lively atmosphere on the field.
C. The players work very hard at a common goal and provide support for one another to achieve it.
D. The players react poorly to their coach’s hostile yelling and find strength in their shared objection.
12．Joe can most accurately be characterized as_____
A. self-assured and presumptuous.
B. confident but dismayed.
C. amiable but reserved.
D. engrossed and dedicated.
13．Which of the following statements does NOT describe one of Joe’s reactions to the events of the final play of the game?
A. He glanced around, shocked.
B. He lunged at his opponents in a blind rage.
C. He commiserated with Mark.
D. He trudged off the field with his teammates.
14．The main point of the first paragraph is that:
A. football is a game whose players can get very dirty.
B. the players have all worked hard to arrive at a crucial point in the game.
C. the long sports season can include some cold-weather days.
D. cool grass fields are ideal surfaces for football games.
15．The main point of the last paragraph is that Joe feels_____
A. sad as usual about the loss.
B. frustrated by his teammates’ lackluster performance during the final play.
C. guilty that he and his teammates let down the coach
D. dejected by the loss of this important game.
16．According to the passage, when Joe observes the opposing defensive line, Joe feels_____
A. Surprise at their resilience so late in the game.
B. quietly pleased by their signs of weakness.
C. apprehensive about their alignment.
D. pensive over the strategy of the defense.
17．Which of the following statements most accurately expresses Mark’s feelings after the loss?
A. Mark was disappointed by the loss, but saw the circumstances that led to it.
B. Mark rejected the loss and held to the belief that they had won.
C. Mark denied the loss at first, but was convinced by Joe that it was legitimate.
D. Mark is angered by his team’s failure to defeat an inferior team.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]