中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


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中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解

中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读:

2014年中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院211翻译硕士英语真题及详解

SECTION I  VOCABULARY (20 points)

Directions: In this section, there are twenty sentences with one word or phrase underlined. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

1.As with any situation involving first aid, medical assistance should be called for in a flash.

A. cautiously

B. immediately

C. properly

D. delicately【答案】B【解析】句意:任何需要急救的时刻,我们都应当立刻通知相关医疗救助机构。本题考查的是短语与词义辨析,in a flash瞬间;立刻。immediately立即,立刻。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。cautiously慎重地,谨慎地。properly适当地;正确地。delicately微妙地;精致地。

2.A(n) accord signed by the two sides in January brought a formal end to the war in Bougainville.

A. contract

B. treaty

C. deal

D. memo【答案】B【解析】句意:双方于一月份签署了一份协议,之后布干维尔岛就正式停火了。本题考查的是词义辨析,accord一致;协议。treaty条约,协议。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。contract合同;婚约。deal交易;(美)政策;待遇。memo备忘录。

3.The UN Security Council investigates quarrels between nations and suggests ways of settling them. If any nation endangers the peace, the council may use economic sanctions against it.

A. restrictions

B. oppressions

C. reforms

D. penalties【答案】D【解析】句意:联合国安全理事会负责调查国与国之间的矛盾冲突并提出解决办法。如果有 任何一个国家涉嫌危害世界和平的话,该理事会就会对此国家进行经济制裁。本题考查的是词义辨析,sanction制裁,处罚。penalties处罚,惩罚。二者意思相近,故为正确答案。restriction限制;约束。oppression压抑;镇压。reform改革。

4.Teachers’ associations have a variety of purposes: to improve teaching, to define and protect teacher rights, and to disseminate professional information and news.

A. instruct

B. spread

C. renew

D. advocate【答案】B【解析】句意:设立教师协会有一系列的目的:提高教学水平,制定并保护教师的权益,传播专业信息。本题考查的是词义辨析,disseminate宣传,传播。spread传播,散布。二者词义相近,故为正确答案,instruct指导;通知。renew使更新,续借。advocate提倡,主张。

5.Divided by their internal squabbles. Labor Party lost in the general elections of June 1983.

A. displacement

B. disconnections

C. dissatisfaction

D. disagreements【答案】D【解析】句意:共党因内部矛盾而分裂,因而于1983年6月的大选中落败。本题考查的是词义辨析,squabble 口角;大声争吵。disagreement不一致;争论。二者词义相近,故为正确答案,二者词义相近,故为正确答案。displacement取代,位移。disconnection断开;分离,切断。dissatisfaction不满;令人不满的事物。

6.Africa includes some of the poorest countries in the world. In much of Africa south of the Sahara, harsh environmental conditions exacerbate the conditions of poverty.

A. affect

B. worsen

C. alter

D. ruin【答案】B【解析】句意:一些最贫困的国家位于非洲。撒哈拉沙漠以南地区环境恶劣,加剧了贫困。本题考查的是词义辨析,exacerbate使加剧;使恶化。worsen恶化;变得更坏。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。affect影响;感染。alter改变;修改。ruin毁灭;使破产。

7.Dramatic changes in physical stature and features are associated with the onset of puberty.

A. start

B. delay

C. shift

D. maturity【答案】A【解析】句意:青春期开始的时候,人的身材和容貌都会发生巨大的变化。本题考查的是词义辨析,onset开始,着手。start开始;启动。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。delay延期;耽搁。shift移动;转变。maturity成熟;到期。

8.The grief may turn to depression when conventional forms of social support have ceased and outsiders are no longer offering help and solace.

A. advice

B. tolerance

C. praise

D. comfort【答案】D【解析】句意:如果传统的社会支持停止,而且外来者不在提供帮助与慰藉的话,悲伤的人可能会变的沮丧。本题考查的是词义辨析,solace安慰;慰藉。comfort安慰;舒适。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。advice 建议;忠告。tolerance公差;宽容。praise赞美,歌颂。

9.The traditional definition of murder required the murderer to possess certain intent. No actual spite is required.

A. hatred

B. excuse

C. motive

D. plot【答案】A【解析】句意:谋杀罪的定义是谋杀者带有一定的目的,不一定是谋杀者很憎恨受害者。本题考查的是词义辨析,spite不顾;恶意;怨恨。hatred憎恨;怨恨。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。excuse借口;理由。motive动机,目的。plot密谋;策划。

10.Fax service is indicative of a trend in which the worlds of the telephone, the computer, and television are gradually melding together, possibly into one all-purpose instrument.

A. motivating

B. molding

C. merging

D. modifying【答案】C【解析】句意:传真电话业务的出现表明现在出现一种趋势,那就是电话,电脑以及电视正在逐渐融为一体,很可能合成为一种全能的电器。本题考查的是词义辨析,meld合并;混合。merge合并;融合。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。motivate刺激;使有动机。mold塑造;使发霉。modify修改,修饰。

11.In general it can be said that the postmodernists value individuality, intimacy, complexity, and occasionally even humor.

A. closeness

B. similarity

C. fitness

D. relation【答案】A【解析】句意:大体来讲,后现代主义信徒珍视个人主义,亲密行为,复杂性,有时候甚至 珍视幽默感。本题考查的是词义辨析,intimacy性行为;亲密;亲昵行为。closeness亲密;接近,二者词义相近,故为正确答案。similarity类似;相似点。fitness健康;适当。relation关系;叙述。

12.The rise of German power during World War II triggered the formation of an anti-German coalition, consisting of the Soviet Union, Britain, the United States, and other countries.

A. set off

B. set about

C. set up

D. set down【答案】A【解析】句意:二战期间德国力量的强大使得一些国家形成了反德联盟,其中包括苏联,美国以及其它一些国家。本题考查的是短语辨析,trigger引发,引起。set off出发;引起;动身。该短语有引起的意思与trigger相近,故为正确答案。set about着手;开始做。set up建立,装配,开业。set down记下;看作。

13.African American history is intertwined with that of blacks in Latin America and the Caribbean.

A. related

B. confused

C. included

D. connected【答案】D【解析】句意:非裔美国人的历史与拉丁黑人,加勒比人的历史相互交错。本题考查的是词义辨析,be intertwined with与……纠缠在一起。is connected with...与……有关。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。be related with...与……有关系。include包含,包括。

14.Economic Development Administration, established in 1965, assists county and state officials in implementing strategies to halt or reverse long-term economic deterioration.

A. enable

B. stop

C. reduce

D. solve【答案】B【解析】句意:经济发展局建于1965年,主要是为了帮助州官员施行策略以停止或者逆转长期的经济恶化问题。本题考查的是词义辨析,halt使停止;使立定。stop停止;堵塞。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。enable使能够,使成为可能。reduce减少,降低。solve解决。

15.Humans have lived in Asia since prehistoric times, when they roamed large stretches of the continent in quest of food and shelter.

A. demand

B. supply

C. dream

D. search【答案】D【解析】句意:人类早在史前时期就定居亚洲了,那时他们为了找到食物和定居的地方走了很远。本题考查的是短语辨析,in quest of...探寻,寻求。in search of...寻找;搜寻。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。in demand of...需求,需要。In supply of...供应。dream of梦想,梦见。

16.Lloyd D. Johnson, who has tracked teen drug trends since 1975, sees the country in the same position today as it was in the late 1960s when anti-drug attitudes broke and use skyrocketed.

A. increased

B. discontinued

C. prolonged

D. enforced【答案】A【解析】句意:Lloyd D. Johnson自1975年就开始研究青少年毒品使用问题,见证了今日这个国家的情况20世纪70年代末差不多,当时反毒品情绪日益高涨。本题考查的是词义辨析,skyrocket飞涨,突然高升。increase增加,增大。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。discontinue停止;使中止。prolong延长;拖延。enforce实施,执行。

17.Other special equipment and drug-sniffing dogs are also used to locate clandestine narcotics in suspect vehicles.

A. harmful

B. furtive

C. hidden

D. dangerous【答案】B【解析】句意:其他特殊的设备和缉毒犬都可以用来在可疑车辆上搜寻私藏的麻醉毒品。本题考查的是词义辨析,clandestine私下的;偷偷摸摸的。furtive鬼鬼祟祟的,秘密的。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。harmful有害的;能造成损害的。hidden隐藏的。dangerous危险的。

18.Game is a universal form of recreation generally including any activity engaged in for diversion and often establishing a situation that involves a contest or rivalry.

A. variety

B. amusement

C. deviation

D. alteration【答案】B【解析】句意:游戏是一种喜闻乐见的娱乐方式,通常包括转移注意力的所有活动,而且会创造一种竞争或者敌对的环境。本题考查的是词义辨析,diversion转移;消遣;分散注意力。amusement消遣,娱乐;乐趣。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。variety多样;种类。deviation偏差;误差;背离。alteration修改,改变。

19.He has already garnered the whole fishing works, rod, reel tackle box, net and the come-ons.

A. selected

B. classified

C. assorted

D. collected【答案】D【解析】句意:他已经获得了一整套的钓鱼工具,其中包括钓竿,网以及饵料。本题考查的是词义辨析,garner 获得;储存;把……储入谷仓。collect收集;聚集。二者词义相近,故为正确答案。select挑选;选拔。classify分类;分等。assort协调;交往。

20.When the government opted for the building of the Special Economic Zone on rich farmland, they, at first, met with strong local opposition.

A. justified

B. preferred

C. selected

D. suggested【答案】C【解析】句意:政府在一座富饶的农场上为经济特区选址,但是他们一开始就遇到了阻力。本题考查的是词义辨析,opt选择,select挑选;选拔,二者词义相近,故为正确答案。justify证明……是正当的;替……辩护,prefer更喜欢;宁愿,suggest提议,建议。

SECTION II  READING COMPREHENSION (40 points)

Part A

Directions: There are three passages in (his section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.

Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.

Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules (小球体)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.

In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.

When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst.

The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.

21.The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that _____.

A. it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives

B. it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter

C. it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter

D. it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition

22.According to the researchers, cream sours fast than butter because bacteria _____.

A. are more evenly distributed in cream

B. multiply more easily in cream than in butter

C. live on less fat in cream than in butter

D. produce less waste in cream than in butter

23.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by _____.

A. removing its fat

B. killing the bacteria

C. reducing its water content

D. altering its structure

24.The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to _____.

A. tiny globules

B. watery regions

C. bacteria communities

D. little compartments

25.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack _____.

A. by varying its chemical composition

B. by turning it into a solid lump

C. while keeping its structure unchanged

D. while retaining its liquid form【答案与解析】

21.A  根据第一段第二句话“Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.”这一新发现可以帮助某些加工食品摆脱防腐剂。这就是研究的重要意义,所以答案是A。

22.B  根据第三段最后两句话The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture.“This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,”he says.使食物变坏的细菌喜欢生活在这种混合物水域内,这些细菌在奶油这种混合物中可以自由生长。B项细菌在奶油中繁殖比在黄油中容易,就是正确答案。

23.D  根据最后一段第一句话。“The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food structure.”Alterations to the food‟s structure。选D。而且文章第一段说:奶油比黄油坏得快归因于食物的结构。那么要保鲜,要让它坏得慢当然是要改变结构了。A、B、C都是文中没有提到的内容。

24.C  要从所有格、单复数、位置、意义等方面上找答案,因为该词只会指代前面出现的内容。colonies是复数名词,前面出现的复数名词有the bacteria和compartments,答案在CD里面。再看文中第四段第一二句话“When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients.”如果情况相反,细菌困于间隔中,位于脂肪内部,如果是这样的话,单个的细菌种群就不能展开,并且会很快耗尽养料。所以colonies是bacteria communities。

25.D  根据最后一段最后一句话“The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.”关键是这样做时要使沙拉酱保持液态状态,而不是把它变成固态块状。retaining和keeping是同义转换。

Passage Two

Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.

Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?

Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?

Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.

Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

26.It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _____.

A. still judge a man by his clothes

B. hold the uniform in such high regard

C. enjoy having a professional identity

D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform

27.People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _____.

A. suggests quality work

B. discards his social identity

C. appears to be more practical

D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes

28.The chief function of a uniform is to _____.

A. provide practical benefits to the wearer

B. make the wearer catch the pubic eye

C. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself

D. provide the wearer with a professional identity

29.According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _____.

A. are usually helpful

B. have little or no individual freedom

C. tend to lose their individuality

D. enjoy greater popularity

30.The best title for this passage would be _____.

A. Uniforms and Society

B. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform

C. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform

D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms【答案与解析】

26.B  根据第一段第一句“Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general.”美国人为自己的不同与个性感到自豪,但是他们竟然罕见地尊重穿制服的人,不论是电梯操作员还是五星上校,只要穿着制服,他们都很尊重,故答案为B。

27.A  根据第二段第二句话“People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.”我们可知人们易认为穿制服的人工作质量更高。故答案为A。

28.D  根据第二段最后一句话“What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?”我们可知制服是专业身份的象征。

29.C  根据第四段第一句话“Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.”我们知道制服的缺点就是丧失个性。

30.D  由“practical benefits”“arguments against”“practical problems”可知本文讲的是制服的优缺点。

Passage Three

Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage.

Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did.

I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.

I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn’t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.

Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.

The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.

31.The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he _____.

A. wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality

B. intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist

C. wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college

D. intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals

32.According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can _____.

A. balance engineering and the liberal arts

B. receive guidance in their careers

C. become noble idealists

D. broaden their horizons

33.In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _____.

A. to have an excellent academic record

B. to be wise and mature

C. to be imaginative with a value system to guide him

D. to be a technical genius with a wide vision

34.The author’s experience shows that he was _____.

A. creative

B. ambitious

C. unrealistic

D. irrational

35.The word “they” in “… together they threaten to confuse.”(Line 3, Para. 5) refers to _____.

A. engineering and the liberal arts

B. reality and noble ideals

C. flexibility and a value system

D. practicality and rationality【答案与解析】

31.B  根据第三段最后一句话“ I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.”说明作者既想做工程师又想做人文主义者。

32.D  根据第二段的第四五句话“I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering.”说明作者想扩大自己的眼界,故答案为D。

33.D  根据最后一段第一句话“The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school.”说明作者想成为的成功人士是眼界广阔的天才技师。

34.C  根据倒数第二段第一句话“Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do.”说明作者的高尚的理想与现实相撞,说明作者的想法有些不切实际。

35.A  根据最后一段最后三句话“Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.”说明作者想让工程与人文学科相融合,但是这个过程又特别艰难,工程与人文学科单独可以从不同方面塑造人生,但是放在一起就不大容易了。

Part B

Directions: In Part B there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words.)

For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.

Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance we couldn’t afford,” With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.

Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.

There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.

From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometime the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching

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