浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院712英美文学与语言学(英语语言文学专业)历年考研真题及详解(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


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浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院712英美文学与语言学(英语语言文学专业)历年考研真题及详解

浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院712英美文学与语言学(英语语言文学专业)历年考研真题及详解试读:

2013年浙江大学712英美文学与语言学考研真题(回忆版)

第一题

作品作家 都是很常见的 有唐璜,到灯塔去,夜色温柔,兔子快跑(这个我真心记不全作者的名字),

古舟子咏,一个女人的肖像,玉石雕像,还有记不大清楚了

第二题

选段评论考的是傲慢与偏见和论自助

诗歌评论是惠特曼的我歌唱自我

文学最后三个作者选一个是Toni morrison , virginia woolf , Chaucer

语言学部分最后两题一个是萨皮尔假说 一个是跟language change有关

2010年浙江大学712英语语言与文学考研真题

I. Name authors of the following world.(10 items.1 point for each, l0 in all)

1. The Adventures of Augie March    6. Wuthering Heights

2. Death of a Salesman   7. The French Lieutenant’s Woman

3. The Waves 8. Samson Agonistes

4. The Red Wheelbarrow     9.The Mill on the Floss

5. Molt Flanders  10. point Shirley

Ⅱ. Make comments on the following passages. (15 points for each, 30 points in all)

1. It was late and every one had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the daytime the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he fell the difference. The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so, they kept watch on him。“Last week he tried to commit suicide.” one waiter said“Why?”“He was in despair”“What about?”“Nothing”“How do you know it was nothing?”“He has plenty of money.”

2. I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthies conduct to them was greater than every consideration, No wisdom on earth could have given me the comfort that I should have derived from their simplicity and fidelity; but I could never, never, never, undo what I had done。

Ⅲ.Analyze the following Poem. (15 points )

The Second Coming

W.B. Yeats

Turning and turning in the widening gyre

The falcon cannot hear the falconer;

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,

The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

The best lack all conviction, while the worst

Are full of passionate intensity

Surely some revelation is at hand;

Surely the Second Coming is at hard.

The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out

When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi

Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert

A shape with lion body and the head of a man,

A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,

Is moving its slow thighs while all about it

Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds

The darkness drops again; but now I know

That twenty centuries of stony sleep

Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,

And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,

Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

IV. Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works. (20 points)

Virginia Woolf, Joseph Conrad. William Shakespeare, John Milton

V. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Use (T) for true statements and (F) for false ones, (15 points)

1. The human brain is lateralized, that is, it has specialized functions in each of the two hemispheres

2. Phonology is essentially the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.

3. The [t] sound is one of a set of sounds called “fricatives”.

4. The process whereby the noun donation first came into use and then the verb donate was created from it is an example of backformation

5. A derivational morpheme never changes the grammatical category of a word

6. Gradable antonyms can be used in comparative constructions.

7. The term used to describe the process whereby a child uses one word like ball to refer to an apple, an egg, a grape and a ball is overextension.

8. The strong version of ‘linguistic determinism” is that your 1anguage determines the way you think.

9. Sociolinguistics is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers as these thee constantly interact and change within a speech community

10. The use of the terms principle and maxim means that the Cooperative Principle and its maxims will be followed by everyone all the time.

Ⅵ. Give short answers to the following questions. (40 points)

1. What is one obvious presupposition of a speaker who says:

1) Why did you arrive late?

2) We regret telling him

2. What kind of inference is involved in interpreting these utterances:

1) Professor Bring your Chomsky to class next week.

2) Waiter A asks waiter B: Where is the fresh salad sitting?

3. Which conversational maxim does this speaker seem to be particularly careful about:

I won’t bore you with all the details.

4. Which of the following two sentences is structurally more complex? Which do you think is more difficult for young learners to learn?

Sentence A: John sings well

Sentence B: John is singing

5. What is your understanding of interlanguage?

6. In what sense is the analysis of a sentence in terms of theme and theme functional?

7. What are the sources of the following three examples?

1) digicom 

2) infotainment 

3) Chunnel 

4) cremains

8 What are the anaphoric expressions in the following three examples?

1) I’ll put you through into the looking-glass house. How could you like that?

2) John has moved to a new house. He had it built last year.

3) In my young days we took these things more seriously. We had different ideas then.

9. The following two sentences were produced by children of different ages. Which would you expect from the older child?

1) I not hurt him

2) Not the sun shining.

10.What is Standard English?

VII. Choose TWO of the following and make some comments on them. (20 points)

1. Characteristics of conversational implicature

2.B. Malinowski

3.Cohesive devices

2008年浙江大学712英语语言与文学考研真题及详解

I. Name authors and literary forms of the following works. (10 items, 1 point for each, 10 in all)

1. Tender is the Night   6. The House of the Seven Gables

2. The Rites of Passage     7. The Tempest

3. The Rainbow    8. The Negro on the Narcissus

4. My Last Duchess    9. Light in August

5. Frederick Douglass   10. Mourning Becomes Electra【答案与解析】

1. Scott Fitzgerald, novel (《夜色温柔》是美国“迷惘的一代”的代表作家菲茨杰拉德的长篇小说。)

2. William Golding,novel (《通过仪式》是诺贝尔奖获得者、十九世纪英国小说家威廉·戈尔丁的一篇日记体小说。)

3.David Herbert Lawrence, novel (《彩虹》是英国作家劳伦斯的一部小说。)

4.Robert Browning, poem (《我已故的公爵夫人》是英国诗人罗伯特·布朗宁的一首采用戏剧独白形式的诗歌。)

5.Frederick Douglass, autobiography (《道格拉斯自述》是美国黑人文学的先驱弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的一部自传。)

6.Nathaniel Hawthorne,novel (《七个尖角的阁楼》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的小说。)

7.William Shakespeare, comedy (《暴风雨》是英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚的最后一部戏剧。)

8.Joseph Conrad, novel (《水仙号上的黑家伙》是英国小说家康拉德的一部小说。)

9.William Faulkner, novel (《八月之光》是诺贝尔文学奖获得者、美国作家威廉·福克纳的一部小说。)

10.Eugene O'Neill, trilogy (尤金·奥尼尔被誉为“美国戏剧之父”,《哀悼》是一部三部曲,将奥尼尔的戏剧创作推到了高峰。)

II. Make comments on TWO of the following passages. (15 points for each, 30 points in all)

1. What a lark! What a Plunge! For so it had always seemed to her, when, with little squeak of the hinges, which she could hear now, she had burst open the French windows and plunged at Bourton into the open air. How fresh, how calm, stiller than this of course, the air was in the early morning; like the flap of a wave; the kiss of a wave; chill and sharp and yet (for a girl of eighteen as she then was) solemn, feeling as she did, standing there at the open window, that something awful was about to happen; looking at the flowers; at the trees with the smoke winding off them and the rooks rising, falling; standing and looking until Peter Wash said, “Musing among the vegetables?”—was that it—“I prefer men to cauliflowers”—was that it?

答案:

This passage is taken from Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway. This novel described a giant web of thoughts of several groups of people during the course of a single day. In this paragraph, the stream of consciousness technique is prominent. There is little action or plot, but much movement in time from present to past and back again through the character’s memories. The song of a lark and the strike of the clock indicate the real time and bring her back to the present real world. Then she falls into the memory of the morning she spent with Peter. The last sentence shows she came back to the real world again. In this paragraph, the happy memory of Mrs. Dalloway with her first lover Peter is impressing, indicating her yearning for her free life with Peter, which is not lost in the hollow high-class life filled with parties. Woolf’s hate towards secular life is revealed.

2. Could it be true? She clutched the child so fiercely to her breast, that it sent forth a cry; she turned her eyes downward at the scarlet letter, and even touched it with her finger, to assure herself that the infant and the shame were real. Yes!—these were her realities,—all else had vanished!

答案:

This passage is taken from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter. In this paragraph, Hester Prynne stood on the scaffold of the pillory, beginning to think back of her hometown and her husband. But her daughter and the scarlet letter reminded her of the cruel realities and great pain in her own heart, as if she fell from heaven down to earth. This paragraph focuses on describing Hester’s pain from different perspectives. Sound (her daughter’s cry), sight (the scarlet letter and feeling) and touching it with her finger, told her the reality. Symbols are applied, as the infant and the scarlet letter symbolizing her shame. Character’s psychological activities and instinct feeling are put in the first place in description, directly and clearly.

3. And yet the voices in the house, behind the sprays of mimosa and almond blossom, and from under the piles of iridescent cushions, simply trilled and screamed in a sort of ecstasy: “There must be more money! Oh-h-h; there must be more money. Oh, now, now-w! Now-w-w—there must be more money!—More than ever! More than ever!”

答案:

This passage is taken from David Herbert Lawrence’s The Rocking-Horse Winner. A boy named Paul begins to gamble on horse to win his mother’s love. At first, he always wins and gets lots of money for his mother. But his mother is so greed and never satisfied. After once running the rocking-horse, he falls down on the ground and dies. This paragraph describes after Paul wins a large amount of money, the voices in the house are more and more, which indicates the greedy heart of people for more money to satisfy their need for luxury life. The voices are so dense that they linger in every corner in the house, symbolizing the human nature twisted by industrial civilization and money.

Ⅲ.Analyze the following poem. (15 points)

Dover Beach

Matthew Arnold

The sea is calm tonight.

The tide is full, the moon lies fair

Upon the straits;—on the French coast the light

Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,

Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.

Come to the window, sweet is the night-air!

Only, from the long line of spray

Where the sea meets the moon-blanched land,

Listen! you hear the grating roar

Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,

At their return, up the high strand,

Begin, and cease, and then again begin,

With tremulous cadence slow, and bring

The eternal note of sadness in.

Sophocles long ago

Heard it on the Aegean, and it brought

Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow

Of human misery; we

Find also in the sound a thought,

Hearing it by this distant northern sea.

The Sea of Faith

Was once, too, at the full, and round earth’s shore

Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled.

But now I only hear

Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,

Retreating, to the breath

Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear

And naked shingles of the world.

Ah, love, let us be true

To one another! for the world, which seems

To lie before us like a land of dreams,

So various, so beautiful, so new,

Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,

Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;

And we are here as on a darkling plain

Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,

Where ignorant armies clash by night.

答案:

In Arnold’s poem, the speaker looks over the shore at Dover and reflects on the scene before him.

The first stanza opens with the description of a nightly scene at the seaside. The lyrical self calls his addressee to the window, to share the visual beauty of the scene. Then he calls her attention to the aural experience, which is somehow less beautiful. The lyrical self projects his own feelings of melancholy on to the sound which causes an emotion of “sadness” in him.

The second stanza introduces the Greek author Sophocles’ idea of “the turbid ebb and flow of human misery.” A contrast is formed to the scenery of the previous stanza. Sophocles apparently heard the similar sound at the “Aegean” sea and thus developed his ideas. Arnold then reconnects this idea to the present. Although there is a distance in time and space, the general feeling prevails.

In the third stanza, the sea is turned into the “Sea of Faith,” which is a metaphor for a time when religion could still be experienced without the doubt that the Victorian age brought about through Darwinism, the Industrial revolution, Imperialism, a crisis in religion, etc. Arnold illustrates this by using an image of clothes. When religion was still intact, the world was dressed “like the folds of a bright girdle furled.” Now that this faith is gone, the world lies there stripped naked and bleak.

The final stanza begins with a dramatic pledge by the lyrical self. He asks his love to be “true” to him. For the beautiful scenery that presents itself to them is really not what it seems to be. On the contrary, as he accentuates with a series of denials, this world does not contain any basic human values. These have disappeared, along with the light and religion and left humanity in darkness. “We” could just refer to the lyrical self and his love, but it could also be interpreted as the lyrical self addressing humanity. The pleasant scenery turns into a “darkling plain,” where only hostile, frightening sounds of fighting armies can be heard.

Lamenting the transition from an age of certainty into an era of erosion of traditions is the backbone of all four stanzas of the poem, brought together in our imagination by the nostalgic image of the sea. “Misery”, “sadness” and “melancholy” reign most of the poem, yet the author chooses to conclude it with an emotional appeal for honesty as it is the only true certainty left as the world around collapses under “struggle” and “fight”.

(参考译文:今夜,大海宁静一片,/月明星稀,水涨潮满,/清辉下的海峡,/遥望法兰西的彼岸,/隐隐绰绰,忽明忽暗;/英格兰崖壁陡峭,/高高耸立静谧的海湾,/一望无际,微光闪闪。/请到窗前来吧,/夜晚的空气多么新鲜!/月色中苍白的大地与海相接,/孤寂的长岸浪花飞溅。/听啊,听那聒噪吼叫,/巨浪把卵石翻卷,/一次次拉回海底,/一次次又抛向高滩。/反复循环,相继不断,/那节奏舒缓,那旋律震颤,/这永恒的曲调饱含悲切哀怨。//古代的诗人索弗克斯,/爱琴海上也曾聆听过这涛声的咏叹,/由这混杂的潮汐,/想到人世的苦难。/如今,在这遥远的北海倾听,/我们的心感到同样震撼。//信仰之海啊,/曾几何时,大潮涨满,/遍布整个世界,/飞舞彩带,闪耀光环。/可是现在,还能听到什么?/只剩下悲伤悠长的呼喊,/潮声退落成晚风的呜咽,/直到世界沙石裸露,广漠的边际一片昏暗。//爱人啊,/让我们赤诚相见,/看这眼前的世界,/处处如梦似幻,/似乎美好、新奇、灿烂,/可是既无欢乐、光明、爱恋,/又无诚信、和平、慈善;/我们身处漆黑的莽原,/争斗、逃亡、惶恐、纷乱,/黑夜里愚蠢的军队厮杀纠缠。(吕志鲁译))

IV. Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works. (20 points)

Joseph Conrad, 

D.H. Lawrence

Mark Twain,  

Toni Morrison

答案:Comment on Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness

Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow who is the narrator, Mr. Kurtz, an ivory trader, black Natives and white Pilgrims. Themes of this novel are powerful literary indictment of imperialism, spiritual journey of self-discovery for Marlow, retracing of the stages of human evolution to the prehistoric beginning, a descent into the underworld—Hades.

The main character is Kurtz, an idealist when young, who worked for civilization and progress. He was shocked by the harsh reality. Driven by desires for power, wealth and fame, he degenerated into a demon-like creature. With the basest means of cheating, fooling, and playing tricks on the natives, Kurtz established himself on a semi-god status among certain native tribes. He is “a first class agent” who “sends in as much ivory as all the others put together.” Kurtz is a symbol for the faithlessness and inner emptiness of the modern world, the climactic example of all the monstrous colonizers.

The structure of Heart of Darkness is like that of Russian dolls, which means that you open each doll up, and there is another doll inside. Much of the meaning in Heart of Darkness is found not in the center of the book, the heart of Africa, but on the periphery of the book.

Patterns of Three is employed in this novel—you will find three chapters, three times Marlow breaks the story, three stations, three women(Aunt, Mistress, Intended), three central characters (Kurtz, Marlow, Narrator) and three views of Africa (adventure, religious, economic).

Contrast in Heart of Darkness is obvious. Much of the imagery is arranged in patterns of opposition and contrast, for example light/dark, black/white, civilized/savaged, outer/inner.

Black/dark symbolizes death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized, which is a symbol existing in European society for centuries. According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light. Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, then became the Dark Ages. According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.

White/light symbolizes life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion. Yet, in Conrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth, while whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind. The truth within, therefore is dark and obscure. White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty. Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt.

Civilization and savagery is another contrast. The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies. Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once “one of the darker places of the earth” before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons. But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background. This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.

Marlow and Kurtz are two opposite examples of human conditions. Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment. Marlow represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle. When Marlow arrives at the station he is disgusted by the sight of wasted human life and ruined supplies. The manager's senseless cruelty overwhelms him with anger and disgust. He longs to see Kurtz—a fabulously successful ivory agent and hated by the company manager. More and more, Marlow turns away from the white people and towards the dark jungle (a symbol of reality and truth.) He begins to identify with Kurtz—long before he sees or talks to him. The affinity between the two men becomes a symbolic unity. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of a single person. Marlow is what Kurtz might have been, and Kurtz is what Marlow might have become.

V. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Use (T) for tree statements and (F) for false ones. (15 points)

1. The “bow-wow theory” of language, origin proposes an extremely specific connection between physical and oral gesture.

2. The term used to describe the ability of human language-users to discuss topics which are remote in space and time is displacement.

3. Auditory phonetics deals with the perception, via the ear, of speech sounds.

4. The initial sounds in the words pat, bat and mat are all bilabials.

5. A change in the function of a word as, for example, when a

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