GMAT百日百句百题——句子解析与练习(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：刘文勇

出版社：中国人民大学出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

GMAT百日百句百题——句子解析与练习试读：

序言

这个时代变化太快，似乎上一秒钟考生还一丝不苟地在大厚本子上记笔记，下一秒钟他们就纷纷嚷嚷着要求“老人家”注册“微博”、“微信”等账号来答疑。为了赶上时代潮流，我这一把老骨头还真注册了一个微信账号（liuwenyonglasedu），一方面用作“玩票”，另一方面，也顺便给几个特定的考生答疑解惑。再后来，为了敦促这几个“不乖”的考生能经常看点儿英文，我总顺手给他们群发一些难句和需要读的小文章。结果，有好几个考生都给我发微信说，每个星期只有一个句子翻译，不够过瘾，其实我讲起来也不过瘾，并且知识零散，不够系统，我担心对大家的帮助不够大，担心大家只把微信交流当作“玩乐”，而不是一个“课堂”。

于是，我和我的团队（乐闻携尔实验性教学项目组：刘文勇、石金娥、甘庆）咬牙做了两个课堂：一个叫作“百日百句译”，另一个叫作“百日百段写”。

所谓“百日百句译”，就是从GMAT的官方指南中挑选出100个句子，先一天一句慢慢讲解，再要求大家在听完讲解后做一下巩固练习。

具体操作是这样的：

·准备一个本子，每天从微信中把要翻译的英文句子抄下来。

·每天都花5分钟时间看一下要翻译的这个句子（遇到不认识的单词要查，要背，要积累词汇量）。

·花些精力译一译（要多思考，不追求速度，大概花10分钟）。大家一定要动手翻译，而不只是动脑——事情往往想起来容易，做起来难，而思考“如何翻译才更好”的过程其实就是我们理解难句的过程，所以翻译必不可少——这样第二天看解析的时候才会有更真切的感受。

·最后要把题目做一做，看看对句子的理解如何影响解题（大概花5分钟）。

按照这样的步骤练习，每天花20（5+10+5）分钟，只需100天就能使得阅读水平有所提升。什么？觉得100天太长？呵呵，我们在那些所谓的“有效速成理论”中都不知蹉跎了多少个100天了呢！所以还是老老实实、扎扎实实地投入到英语能力的综合训练之中吧。

所谓“百日百段写”，就是每天通过微信发布一道来自GMAT写作题库的题目，每道题目后面提了5个问题。

具体要求很简单：

·每天花上5分钟的时间，把我罗列的5个问题想一下。

·用20分钟的时间，用英文将答案写下来（每天在24：00前将这5个问题的英文答案回复给我的，我均会批改）。

当然这5个问题可能（几乎是一定的）并未全面覆盖所有值得考虑的角度，事实上，值得考虑的角度没有穷尽——我只是想起引导作用，让大家的思路开阔起来，这样大家在准备写作材料、整理写作思路时能够有据可循。思考这些问题本身就是一种练习的过程，事实上标准答案并不重要。

其实我一直觉得“top down”的英语学习方法才是正解：从阅读文章中积累词汇和句型要远比背单词书有效得多——尽管看起来速度不快，但效率极高，因为在语境中记单词是最有效的方法。这有些类似小时候上语文课，老师一天只教一篇课文，抠出五个生字，结合上下文讲解。

这个活动做满100天了，参加的考生也越来越多。我和人大出版社的喻老师商量了一下，决定把微信课堂上的内容整理成册后出版发行，让更多的考生能够参与进来。“百日百句译”即为本书的内容，“百日百段写”收录在另一本书《GMAT百日百句百篇——写作题库全解析》中，随后也将与大家见面。

最后有两句话，一句要送给大家，另一句要送给自己：“哪有什么胜利可言，挺住意味着一切。”——里克尔（微信课堂我们一起坚持，一步一步往前挪。）“一扇门要开，手中有一万把钥匙，一把把试过来，来不及的。良师告诉你，一捅，就开了。”——木心（希望微信课堂能朝着这个方向多挪动一点儿，也希望我自己能够往这个方向多挪动一点儿。）愚兄——文勇2015年夏

Day 1

Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly widespread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 1解析

1.单词“school”在此处属于熟词僻义，作名词时意思是“（鱼、鲸等的）群”，作动词时意思是“成群地游”。“advanced”也属于熟词僻义，在这里是动词“advance”的过去分词，意思是“提出”。词组“protect...from sth.”意为“保护；使……免于”，在句子中用的是“protect”的名词形式。

2.第一个句子中，动词“explain”的宾语为“why”引导的宾语从句“why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species”；第二个句子中“because”引导原因状语从句，“assume”后面为“that”引导的宾语从句。词义辨析参考翻译

生物学家提出了两种理论来解释为什么鱼的成群游动会发生在这么多的鱼类里。因为成群游动在小型鱼类里尤为普遍，所以两种理论都设想，成群游动能为（鱼群）不受捕食者的攻击提供一些保护性优势。实战演练

Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly widespread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.

Proponents of theory A dispute the assumption that a school of thousands of fish is highly visible. Experiments have shown that any fish can be seen, even in very clear water, only within a sphere of 200 meters in diameter. When fish are in a compact group, the sphere of visibility overlap. Thus, the chance of a predator finding the school is only slightly greater than the chance of the predator finding a single fish swimming alone. Schooling is advantageous to the individual fish because a predator's chance of finding any particular fish swimming in the school is much smaller than its chance of finding at least one of the same group of fish if the fish were dispersed throughout an area.

According to the passage, both theory A and theory B have been developed to explain how

(A) fish hide from predators by forming schools.

(B) forming schools functions to protect fish from predators.

(C) schooling among fish differs from other protective behaviors.

(D) small fish are able to make rapid decisions.

(E) small fish are able to survive in an environment densely populated by large predators.

答案：B答案解析

题目问的是两个理论都是被用来解释什么的，由“theory A and theory B”的意思可定位到原文的第一个句子“Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species”，该句子提到这两种理论是用来解释为什么鱼会聚群的。根据后一句中提到的两种理论都设想成群游动会提供一些保护性优势，可得出选项B“解释聚群如何能保护鱼不被捕食”是正确的。选项A“鱼通过聚群来躲避捕食者”比较容易选错，它错在“hide from”，鱼并非通过聚群就可以躲开捕食者（不被发现）。选项C“鱼的聚群和其他保护性行为不同”、选项D“小鱼能够快速做出决定”，以及选项E“小鱼能够在捕食者众多的环境中生存”，都明显不符合文章主旨。

Day 2

The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting.——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 1解析

1.词组“have to do with”意为“与……有关联”，在写作中，我们在陈述理由时也可以使用这个表达，还可以对词组进行改造，比如改造成“have something/nothing to do with”（“与……有/无关联”）。

2.“caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的“sensory confusion”，其中的“moving around the predator”也是现在分词短语作定语，修饰前面的“a large number of prey”。分词作定语时，被修饰的词即为该分词的逻辑主语，分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动（现在分词）或者被动（过去分词）的关系。

3.“even if”可引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使，虽然”。“even though”也可以引导让步状语从句，二者的区别在于“even if”一般引出的是把握不大或假设的事情，而“even though”引出的则是事实。例如：

a. Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.

即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩，我们也不应该自满。（还没有取得成绩）

b. Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.

虽然他迟到了，但他并没有受到老师的批评。（已经迟到了）词义辨析参考翻译

对“困惑效应”的第二种解释与感官上的困惑有关，感官上的困惑是由一大群被捕食者围绕着捕食者游动所造成的。即使捕食者决定攻击某一条鱼，鱼群中其他被捕食者的运动也会分散（捕食者的）注意力。实战演练

Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator's preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost identical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator's difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.

According to the passage, theory B states that which of the following is a factor that enables a schooling fish to escape predators?

(A) The tendency of fish to form compact groups.

(B) The movement of other fish within the school.

(C) The inability of predators to detect schools.

(D) The ability of fish to hide behind one another in a school.

(E) The great speed with which a school can disperse.

答案：B答案解析

题目问的是B理论中的哪一点使得成群游动的鱼可以避开捕食者。解答本题的关键是要看懂文中对于B理论的介绍“The second explanation for the ‘confusion effect’ has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator”，这句话的意思是一大群被掠食者围绕着捕食者游动，从而造成感官上的困惑，使得捕食者分心（the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting），进而保护聚群里的鱼。所以，根据“the movement of other prey”（其他猎物的运动，此处所说的猎物指的就是鱼），可以得出选项B“聚群中其他鱼的游动”是正确的。

其他选项的意思为：

A.鱼形成紧密的小组的倾向。

C.捕食者没有攻击聚群的能力。

D.聚群里的鱼躲藏在彼此背后的能力。

E.聚群分散的最快速度。

Day 3

Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits maybe turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries.——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 2解析

1.“there is no guarantee that”是固定句型，意思是“不能保证……”，“that”从句作“guarantee”的同位语。此处“that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways”是“that”引导的同位语从句，对前面的“guarantee”进

行说明；而“since”引导的原因状语从句中的“that could easily…industries”则是定语从句，修饰前面的“investment capital”。判断“that”引导的从句是定语从句还是同位语从句，关键是看“that”在从句中是否充当成分，如果充当成分，则为定语从句，如果不充当成分，则是同位语从句。“guarantee”后面的“that”从句中，“that”后面为一个完整的句子，所以“that”不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而“investment capital”后面的“that”从句中，“that”指代“investment capital”，在从句中当主语，所以“that”从句是一个定语从句。

2.“since”引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；鉴于……”，“since”表示原因时，语气比“because”稍弱，表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的原因或事实。

3.我们在理解文章时，要尽量从整体着手，对于句子中的个别词语无需太过纠结，比如“come in similarly ecoefficient ways”中的“come”，不用纠结它是不是翻译成“来”，可以根据语境来判断。在这里“come”应该是“发展”的意思，“come in similarly ecoefficient ways”意思就是“以相似的生态有效型方式发展”。事实上，“come”在这里的意思类似于“travel”，比如在“This company has come a long way in the last five years”（最近五年，该公司取得了很大进展）这个句子中，“has come a long way”意思就是“has made a lot of progress”。词义辨析参考翻译

此外，没人能保证生态效率带来的经济增长会以相似的生态有效型方式发展，因为在现今的全球市场中，更高的利润可能会被转化成投资资金，而这些资金轻易地就被再次投入到了老式的非生态有效型工业上。实战演练

Ecoefficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries. Even a vastly more ecoefficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy…

The passage mentions which of the following as a possible consequence of companies’ realization of greater profits through ecoefficiency?

(A) The companies may be able to sell a greater number of products by lowering prices.

(B) The companies may be better able to attract investment capital in the global market.

(C) The profits may be reinvested to increase economic growth through ecoefficiency.

(D) The profits may be used as investment capital for industries that are not ecoefficient.

(E) The profits may encourage companies to make further innovations in reducing production waste.

答案：D答案解析

题目问的是“公司通过生态效率获得更高的利润后可能会有什么结果”，根据“realization of greater profits through ecoefficiency”的意思定位到原文“Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today's global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries”。从“no guarantee”可以得知“increased economic growth”并不一定会以“ecoefficient”的方式发展，而“since”后的句子指出了利润很可能被用于“old-style eco-inefficient industries”（注意“eco-inefficient”中的“in-”是表否定的前缀），由此可排除选项C“利润会被再次投资，以通过生态效率促进经济增长”。正确选项应该为D“利润可能会被用作投资资金，投入到非生态有效型工业上”，“used as investment capital”对应文中的“turned into investment capital”，“not ecoefficient”对应文中的“eco-inefficient”。

其他三个选项原文并未提到，意思分别为：

A. 公司或许能够通过降低价格卖出更多的产品。

B. 公司或许更加能够在全球市场上吸引投资资本。

E. 利润或许能鼓励公司在减少生产废料方面做出进一步的革新。

Day 4

Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth.——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 2解析

1. “suggest”在这里是“暗示；表明”的意思，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气，表示已经存在的真实情况；另外“suggest”作“提议”讲时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，表示从句的内容是建议要做的事情，也就是说从句描述的内容尚未成为事实，此时谓语用“should +动词原形”，“should”可以省略，如“I suggest we (should) have lunch now”（我建议我们现在吃午饭）意味着我们还没吃午饭。

2. 在“suggest”后面的宾语从句中，“adopting ecoefficiency innovations”是动名词结构作主语，而不是现在分词结构作状语，因为该结构后面接的是情态动词加动词原形（宾语从句的谓语），而不是一个句子。

3. 前面有“no”和“not”等否定词出现时，后面再出现否定，可用“nor”表达，表示“也不……”，nor后面的句子需采用倒装语序，例如：

I don't like football. Nor does Tom.

我不喜欢足球。汤姆也是。

The meal didn't cost much, nor was it very delicious.

这顿饭不太贵，也不太好吃。

此处的“nor the waste”就相当于“nor will they alter the number of the waste”。

4.“waste”后面的“generated from their use and discard”为过去分词短语作定语，对“waste”进行修饰。过去分词作定语时，分词与被修饰的词语之间是被动的关系。词义辨析参考翻译

Peter Senge和Goran Carstedt认为这一发展值得称赞，但是暗示只采用生态有效型革新事实上可能会在未来使环境压力进一步增大。这种革新能减少生产废料，但是不能改变生产出来的产品数量，也不能改变产品被使用和被抛弃后产生的废料数量；事实上，很多公司在生态效率改善方面投资是为了提高利润，促进增长。实战演练

Ecoefficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth…

The passage implies that which of the following is a possible consequence of a company's adoption of innovations that increase its ecoefficiency?

(A) Company profits resulting from such innovations may be reinvested in that company with no guarantee that the company will continue to make further improvements in ecoefficiency.

(B) Company growth fostered by cost savings from such innovations may allow that company to manufacture a greater number of products that will be used and discarded, thus worsening environmental stress.

(C) A company that fails to realize significant cost savings from such innovations may have little incentive to continue to minimize the environmental impact of its production processes.

(D) A company that comes to depend on such innovations to increase its profits and growth may be vulnerable in the global market to competition from old-style eco-inefficient industries.

(E) A company that meets its ecoefficiency goals is unlikely to invest its increased profits in the development of new and innovative ecoefficiency measures.

答案：B答案解析

由题目“adoption of innovations”的意思定位到原文“Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future”，该句指出“adoption of innovations”的后果是“worsen environmental stresses”，而随后的一句话给出了会加大环境压力的原因（do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard），由此可以选出选项B“这种由革新带来的成本节约而促进的公司发展可能会允许该公司去生产更多的产品，这些产品会被使用、被丢弃，从而加大环境压力”。

其他几个选项意思分别是：

A.公司通过此种革新获得的利润可能会被再次投入公司，但无法保证公司会继续在生态效率方面做出改善。

C.一个没能通过这些革新来实现成本节约的公司可能会没有动力继续去降低它的生产过程对环境造成的影响。

D.一个依靠这种革新来提升利润，促进发展的公司，在全球市场上面对来自老式的非生态有效型公司的竞争时，可能会很脆弱。

E.达到生态效率目标的公司不可能将增加的利润投入到新的生态效率措施的发展上。

Day 5

The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalog the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered.——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 3解析

1.“that are likely to be discovered in the future”是“that”引导的定语从句，用来修饰名词“artifacts”，“that”在从句中作主语。

2.“as...as”是表示程度相当的结构，意为“和……一样……”，“as if”意思是“犹如；好像”，此处将这两种用法结合了起来，表示在真实的“没有编成目录”的情况下和“比喻/假设的（好像）从来没有被发现过”的情况下，工艺品都同样“难以接近”。

3.“as if they had never been discovered”用的是虚拟语气，这一点可以从过去完成时结构“had been discovered”看出来，“as if/as though”引导的从句用虚拟语气时有以下三种情况：

a. 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。

b. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。

c. 表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/might/could +动词原形”。词义辨析参考翻译

博物馆的地下室实在没有足够空间去储存将来可能被发现的（所有）手工艺品。甚至没有足够的钱将（所有的）发现编成目录；结果是，这些发现无法被再次找到，并且变得难以接近，就好像它们从来没有被发现过一样。实战演练

The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalog the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.

Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?

(A) Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.

(B) Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.

(C) Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.

(D) Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.

(E) Such artifacts often remain uncataloged and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.

答案：E答案解析

根据“storing artifacts in museum basements”的意思可定位到文中的句子“The basements

of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future”，该句子讲的是在博物馆地下室储存手工艺品的一个缺点“not large enough”，另一个缺点在随后的句子中“not enough money even to catalog the finds”，而第二个缺点还有深一层的缺点“they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered”（这些发现无法被再次找到，而且变得难以接近，就好像它们从来没有被发现过一样），理解这句话，重点是要看懂“as…as”结构的意思。那么我们来分析选项：选项A“博物馆官员很少允许学者接触这些手工艺品”错误，博物馆官员不是不允许学者接触，而是因为没有目录，难以找到。选项B“本来能够用于展览的空间被用于存储”和第一个缺点“空间不够大”也是不一致的。选项C“同一批出土的手工艺品常常被分开”和选项D“这些手工艺品经常因为温度和湿度的变化被毁坏”原文均未提及。所以正确答案应该是选项E“这些手工品经常没有被编入目录，因此一旦被存储起来就无法被找到”，对应第二个缺点。

Day 6

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 5解析

1.句子开头的“Hoping to participate in…”是现在分词短语表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句，再如下面这个例子：Not knowing her address (=As we didn't know her address), we couldn't get in touch with her.（因为不知道她的地址，我们联系不到她。）

2.“only +不定式结构”常用来作句子的结果状语，表示随后发生的是一种出乎意料的或者令人失望的结果，翻译为“反而；却”。这里的“only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities”作句子的结果状语，“许多非裔美国人带着热情加入到了军队中”，结果却“受到许多羞辱”。

3.“find+宾语+宾补”意为“发现/觉得某人/某物……”，宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式等来充当，此处的“segregated from”和“subjected to”为过去分词，并列充当宾语“themselves”的补足语，宾语与其补足语之间是被动关系。词义辨析参考翻译（因为）希望参与到美国传统的个人成功的民族精神中去，许多非裔美国人带着热情加入到了军队中，却发现自己与白人部队隔离开来，并受到许多侮辱。实战演练

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture's expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills long standing expectations.

According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

(A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American communities.

(B) They expected to fulfill ideal personal attainment.

(C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States.

(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation.

(E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey's political vision.

答案：B答案解析

根据“many African American people joined the armed forces”的意思可定位到原文“Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities”，句子中“Hoping to…”是现在分词短语表示原因，指出了非裔美国人参军的原因，关键点是“individual success”（个人的

成功），选项中与此对应的只有选项B中的“personal attainment”（个人成就）。选项A“想要逃避非裔美国人社区日渐衰退的经济状况”、选项C“表达他们对美国的忠心”、选项D“希望参军能够促进废除隔离制度的事业”（事实上文中说的是他们参军后还是深陷种族隔离）、选项E“他们将参军看作是实现Marcus Garvey的政治憧憬的机会”都不符合原文。

Day 7

Because the vertical pressure gradients within the blood vessels are counteracted by similar pressure gradients in the surrounding water, the distribution of blood throughout the body of sea snakes remains about the same regardless of their orientation in space, provided they remain in the ocean.——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 6

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