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华东师范大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解
Paper OnePart I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
1. Mo Yan is _____ as one of China’s most talented writers.
A. acclaimed
B. claimed
C. blamed
D. studied【答案】B【解析】句意：莫言被称为中国最有才华的作家之一。be claimed as意为“被称为”，符合句意，故选B项。
2. There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more _____ or more controversial than Margaret Mead.
A. imaginative
B. hard-working
C. celebrated
D. strong-minded【答案】C【解析】句意：20世纪的人类学家中没有谁比玛格丽特·米德更著名或者说更有争议。备受争议从侧面说明了她比较出名，celebrated“著名的，有名望的”符合句意。故选C项。
3. Communication satellites transmit information more _____ than do ordinary shortwave radios.
A. conveniently
B. reliably
C. accessibly
D. concisely【答案】B【解析】句意：通讯卫星比普通的短波无线电通讯传送信息更加可靠。reliably可靠地。conveniently便利地，合宜的。accessibly可接近地，可得到地。concisely简洁地。这里强调的是可靠性，故选B项。
4. _____ evidence indicates that acid rain is damaging historic sites in many parts of this developing country.
A. Many
B. Little
C. Tentative
D. Mounting【答案】D【解析】句意：越来越多的证据表明酸雨正在毁坏这个发展中国家很多地区的历史遗迹。mounting意为“逐渐增加的”符合句意。evidence为不可数名词，故不能用many修饰。little不符合句意。tentative实验性的，暂定的。
5. _____ all living things have some way of getting from here to there.
A. Certainly
B. Virtually
C. Deplorably
D. Eventually【答案】B【解析】句意：几乎所有的生物都有一些方法从一个地方到达另一个地方。virtually“几乎，事实上”，符合句意。certainly“无疑地”，表述太过绝对。deplorably悲惨地，可叹地。eventually最后，终于。
6. I _____ him that I would help him if he had any difficulty in carrying out the task.
A. ensured
B. assured
C. guaranteed
D. vowed【答案】B【解析】句意：我向他保证，他要是在执行这项任务的过程中有什么困难，我会帮助他。“assure sb. that + 从句”意为使别人对某事感到放心。ensure指的是确保某事发生，其后可直接跟从句。guarantee是对事物的品质或人的行为提出担保。vow发誓，郑重宣告。
7. It is dangerous to walk through a thick forest _____ a winter afternoon without a guide.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. towards【答案】C【解析】句意：在冬日午后，没有向导的情况下穿过茂密的树林是很危险的。on用来表示具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
8. At the end of the year all department stores _____ prices to encourage sales.
A. promote
B. produce
C. reduce
D. induce【答案】C【解析】句意：年底的时候，所有的商店都降低价格搞促销。因为是促销，所以要降低价格。reduce“减少，降低”符合句意，故选C项。
9. The scholarship is open to all the students _____ race or sex.
A. regardless of
B. with regard to
C. in conformity to
D. according to【答案】A【解析】句意：这项奖学金面向所有的学生，不论种族与性别。regardless of不管，不论。with regard to关于，至于。in conformity to依照，与……一致。according to根据。根据句意，只有A项符合。
10. That company claimed that this new material can _____ water like a sponge.
A. suck
B. absorb
C. squeeze
D. drink【答案】B【解析】句意：该公司宣称这种新材料能像海绵一样吸水。表示海绵吸水使用动词absorb，表示“吸收”。
11. Although a recession is usually characterized by at least two consecutive quarters of _____ GDP, this is not a fixed rule.
A. falling
B. declining
C. fluctuating
D. impending【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管经济衰退的标志通常是至少连续两个季度的GDP下滑，但这并不是固定的规则。declining下滑的，衰退的。falling落下的；下降的。fluctuating波动的。impending迫近的。故选B项。
12. Forest fires frequently threaten human lives and cause great property damage to people _____ in southern California.
A. working
B. sleeping
C. dwelling
D. playing【答案】C【解析】句意：森林火灾经常威胁人的生命，给居住在南加州的人们造成巨大的财产损失。因为火灾危及的是那里的居民，dwell“居住”，符合句意，故选C项。
13. Music and paintings can communicate one’s _____ feelings and emotions when words fail to express them.
A. slightest
B. innermost
C. rarest
D. secret【答案】B【解析】句意：音乐和绘画能传达语言所不能表达的人内心的感受和情感。innermost“内心的，最深处的”符合句意，故选B项。slightest极不重要的，最少的。rarest最珍贵的，最稀罕的。secret秘密的。
14. All living creatures have to constantly _____ various changes in their environment in order to survive.
A. interfere with
B. react to
C. comply with
D. succumb to【答案】B【解析】句意：所有的生物必须不断地针对环境的变化做出改变，以求生存。react to“做出反应”。符合句意。interfere with干扰，妨碍。comply with遵守，依从。succumb to屈服于。
15. Pregnant women are advised to take a _____, balanced, and varied diet that contains plenty of nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fish.
A. wholesome
B. gradual
C. well-cooked
D. delicious【答案】A【解析】句意：建议孕妇的饮食健康均衡而又多样化，应包含大量来自新鲜水果、蔬菜、全麦、豆类和鱼类的营养。wholesome“有益健康的”，符合句意，故选A项。gradual逐渐的。well-cooked精心烹制的。delicious美味的。
16. Our Chinese tradition is quite different _____ we only want to defend our own country, not to invade other countries.
A. because
B. for
C. in that
D. that【答案】C【解析】句意：我们国家的传统非常的与众不同，因为我们只想保卫自己的国家，而不是侵略其它的国家。because、in that和for均可以表示“因为”，其中because强调客观的、事实的因果关系，for一般表示经过推测、推理的因果关系，而in that主要用来表示主观的看法或者理由。另外in that常用来解释差异或说明有何特别之处。因此本题中in that最为贴切。
17. China hosted the Olympic Games in 2008, thus _____ her dream to be recognized as one of the greatest nations in the world.
A. having realized
B. realizing
C. realized
D. to realize【答案】A【解析】句意：中国在2008年举办了奥运会，因此实现了自己的梦想——被认为是世界上最伟大的国家之一。举办奥运会这一动作发生在过去，其影响已经发生且持续到现在，所以realize要用现在完成时，故选A项。
18. Suddenly the donkey gave a loud bray. Thinking that the donkey _____ eat him, the tiger ran away hurriedly.
A. would
B. was going to
C. was about to
D. was to【答案】C【解析】句意：突然驴大叫一声。老虎以为驴就要把它吃了，赶快逃跑了。be going to表示的是事先经过考虑的打算、计划、意图。will表示的是一种意愿，或客观发生。be about to意为马上做某事，在时间上指最近的将来。be to表示按照计划或正式安排将发生的事，主要指客观安排，必然趋势。故只有C项最符合。
19. Ancient Chang’an was seven times _____ the size of today’s Xi’an city.
A. /
B. as much as
C. that of
D. of【答案】A【解析】句意：古代的长安城是现在西安的7倍大。倍数的表达法包括“sth. be+倍数+the+计量名词+of sth.”，所以倍数后面直接跟定冠词the+计量名词，故选A项。
20. The reason why he didn’t take the exam was _____ he had an accident on his way to the school.
A. because
B. because of
C. that
D. due to【答案】C【解析】句意：他没有参加考试的原因是他在上学的路上出了点事故。句中why he didn’t take the exam作定语修饰reason。空格处填入that引导表语从句，故选C项。
21. If it _____ for his help, I wouldn’t be a university student now.
A. hasn’t been
B. hadn’t been
C. wasn’t
D. weren’t【答案】B【解析】句意：要不是他的帮助，我现在不会是一名大学生。该题考查的是错综时间虚拟语气。因为从句是对过去情况的假设，所以要用过去完成时，故选B项。
22. According to the weather forecast, it _____ this afternoon.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. is going to rain
D. is to rain【答案】A【解析】句意：根据天气预报，今天下午将要下雨。will表示的是客观上将来势必发生的事情，而be going to表示根据主观判断将来会发生的事情，故选A项。
23. Neither John nor his roommates _____ in the dormitory yesterday evening.
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. had been【答案】B【解析】句意：John和他的室友昨天晚上都不在宿舍。因为题干是过去的事实，因此用一般过去时。neither…nor…遵循就近原则，roommates为复数形式，所以系动词were符合，故选B项。
24. Malaysian Airlines lost an airplane on March 8 last year, _____ whereabouts still remains a mystery.
A. its
B. whose
C. their
D. the【答案】B【解析】句意：马来西亚航空公司在去年的3月8日丢失了一架飞机，其下落仍是一个谜。该句中whose引导非限制性定语从句，为关系代词，表示“……的”。
25. _____ you need any further information, please do not hesitate to let me know.
A. would
B. should
C. will
D. shall【答案】B【解析】句意：如果你需要任何信息，请直言相告。这里使用的是虚拟语气，表示的是对现在情况的假设，所以用should+动词原形。而虚拟语气的倒装是指省略if，将助动词should提到句首，故选B项。
26. Since you have already come, you _____ stay here for a couple of days.
A. might well
B. might as well
C. might have to
D. might【答案】B【解析】句意：既然你已经来了，倒不如在这呆几天。might as well“倒不如，不妨”，符合句意，故选B项。
27. She told her parents that she had decided to marry him, _____ a prince or a pauper.
A. if he was
B. were he
C. was he
D. be he【答案】D【解析】句意：她告诉父母自己已经决定要嫁给他了，不管他是王子还是穷人。D项中be he等同于no matter he is，符合句意，故选D项。
28. _____ you work hard enough _____ you be able to get a PhD degree in three years.
A. Only if, will
B. If only, would
C. Should, will
D. Unless, would【答案】A【解析】句意：只有当你足够努力，你才能在三年内获得博士学位。only if位于句首，后面的主句需要部分倒装，所以后面的will要提到主语you前。故选A项。
29. Hardly _____ the train _____ when the waiting crowd ran towards it.
A. did, arrive
B. has, arrived
C. had, arrived
D. was, arriving【答案】C【解析】句意：火车一抵达，等待的人群就向它跑去。hardly…when…表示“一……就……”，一般使用过去完成时，故选C项。
30. The conference _____ next year will be an important event in the history of the country.
A. having been held
B. being held
C. to be held
D. held【答案】C【解析】句意：在明年举行的会议将是这个国家历史上的一件大事。因为会议将在明年召开，所以应使用被动语态的将来时to be done，故选C项。
Part II Cloze (20%)
Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C, and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the bracket on Answer Sheet I.
To say that the child learns (31) imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every (32) he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to (33) is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn (34) a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”.
Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a (35) response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain (36) . If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason (37) what to do, he observes a (38) who seems able to get the right (39) . The child looks for a/an (40) or expert who can show what to do.
There is a second element at (41) in this situation. The child may be able to (42) his immediate goal only to (43) that his method brings criticism (44) people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is (45) emphatically that this action is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to (46) any objective situation is overlaid (47) the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and (48) when his parents like his response. Then other adults (49) some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must (50) responses his social group approves.
31. A. through B. from C. by D. with
32. A. action B. thing C. situation D. adult
33. A. learn B. set C. imitate D. follow
34. A. from B. to C. for D. into
35. A. ready B. immediate C. good D. reasonable
36. A. ends B. purpose C. intention D. goal
37. A. up B. for C. through D. out
38. A. student B. example C. model D. child
39. A. effect B. reward C. result D. outcome
40. A. professional B. authority C. specialist D. teacher
41. A. working B. work C. the work D. his
42. A. attain B. find C. acquire D. grasp
43. A. tell B. get C. find D. realize
44. A. to B. into C. from D. out of
45. A. informed B. asked C. notified D. told
46. A. solve B. face C. encounter D. avoid
47. A. by B. with C. in D. for
48. A. like B. love C. consent D. approval
49. A. grant B. appraise C. reward D. award
50. A. do B. take C. adopt D. employ【答案与解析】
31.C 这句话表示的是孩子通过模仿学习，by表示“通过”，符合句意，故应选C项。
32.A 孩子模仿的是动作，而不是人或某个东西，故应选A项。
33.D follow the example意为“模仿，效仿”。
34.B turn to转向，求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。
35.A 因为孩子面对的是新的情形，所以他无法做出快速的反应。同时根据下文中的a ready response，可知这里应填入ready。a ready response快速的反应。
36.A 这里指的是孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的。gain one’s ends达到目的，成功。
37.D 这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力，就不知道该怎么做。reason out“推理出，推断出”，符合句意，故选D项。
38.C 当孩子不知道该怎么做时，他会找一个榜样，观察这个榜样是怎么做的。model榜样，模范。
39.C 这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样，榜样是能够获得好的结果的，故result“结果”，符合句意。
40.B 空格后有or expert，故空格处的词与expert功能相近，都能教孩子做什么。authority“权威”，符合句意。
41.B at work（因素）在起作用，活动着。这句话的意思是“在这种情形下，还有第二种因素在起作用”。
42.A attain one’s goal意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现，故应选择A项。
43.C 孩子可能能够实现自己的目标，但是发现自己的方法招来批评。find“发现”，符合句意。
44.C 这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人，所以强调的是来源，故应填入介词from。
45.D 传递消息通过大声喊叫，别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”，较口语化，符合句意。inform和notify过于正式。ask与句意不符，故选D项。
46.A 这里指的是处理面对的这种情形，且根据该句末尾的动词solve可知，该处也应填入solve，故选A项。
47.B be overlaid with为固定搭配，意为“被……掩盖”。
48.D 句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时，他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义，故排除。
49.C reward指的是“回报”，award意为“授予，颁发”。这里表示的是对孩子行为的认可和回报，故选C项。
50.C 想要获得别人的支持和自尊，他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。adopt“采纳，采用”符合句意，故选C项。
Part III Reading Comprehension (25%)
Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single bar line through the center.(1)
One of the most important periods in Greek history was the Hellenistic Age which began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., and lasted almost 200 years. It was during this time in history that Greek ideas and Greek culture spread to Egypt and throughout the Near East. A Greek state even existed as far west as India.
During the Hellenistic Age, there were great advances in such areas as philosophy, science, religion, art and social justice. Important discoveries were made in the sciences. Eratosthenes, for instance, made an accurate calculation of the diameter of the earth, while Aristarchus declared that the earth was round. Social reformers attempted to abolish debt and institute a program of land redistribution among the poor but met with little success. Women achieved a better social standing and among the middle class education became widespread.
Peace of mind was the great concern of the philosophers of the Hellenistic Age. The Stoics insisted that happiness could be achieved when man learned to accept the events which were beyond his control and, at the same time, did his duty. The Epicureans espoused the idea that moderation in pleasure and the avoidance of pain produced the desired result. The Cynics turned away from all desires and pleasures, and advocated a pursuit of virtue. In religion, many Greeks turned to the worship of such Egyptian gods as Serapis and Isis.
During the Hellenistic Age, the area of Greek influence included such political powers as the Ptolemies of Egypt, the Seleucids of Syria, the Antigonids of Macedon and the Attalids of Pergamum, and it was their fighting against each other and among themselves that paved the way for the aggressive Romans to conquer Greece and most of the Hellenistic world in the 100’s B.C. The Romans brought the Hellenistic Age to a close when they conquered the last major power, Egypt, in 30 B.C.
51. What part did Alexander the Great play in the flowering of Greek culture during the Hellenistic Age?
A. It was his wisdom and power which aided its growth.
B. He helped especially in the area of science.
C. It was in social reforms that he contributed most.
D. He had no direct involvement whatsoever.
52. Which statement about the Hellenistic Age is not correct?
A. Land redistribution was less than successful.
B. The social standing of women improved.
C. Education spread from the middle to the lower classes.
D. Attempts to abolish debt did not find great success.
53. According to the passage, which statement is most likely?
A. A Cynic would seek a life of comfort and ease.
B. A Stoic would try to do what was expected of him.
C. An Epicurean would enjoy a hard fight.
D. A Stoic would attempt to triumph over nature.
54. The Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world was helped greatly by the _____.
A. divisions existing among its political factions
B. inability of its philosophers to work together
C. conflict between its several religious groups
D. lack of agreement on its necessary social reforms
55. The word “espouse” in the third paragraph of this passage probably means _____.
A. propose
B. marry
C. support
D. reject【答案与解析】
51.D 原文第一段第一句中提到“the Hellenistic Age which began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C.”，所以在Alexander the Great去世后，希腊化时代才开始，所以在该时代中希腊文化的传播与Alexander the Great没有直接的关系，故答案为D项。
52.C 原文第二段中最后一句提到“among the middle class education became widespread”，由此可知，在希腊化时代，教育在中层阶级中开始普及，但并没有提到教育从中层阶级传播到下层阶级，故C项错误。
53.B 原文第三段第二句提到“The Stoics insisted that happiness could be achieved when man learned to accept the events which were beyond his control and, at the same time, did his duty.”，由此可知斯多噶派认为要接受自己所不能控制的，同时要履行自己的职责。B选项与之意思相近，故为正确答案。
54.A 根据原文第四段第一句“During the Hellenistic Age, the area of Greek influence included such political powers as…it was their fighting against each other and among themselves that paved the way for the aggressive Romans to conquer Greece”可知，政治力量的分裂以及他们之间的内部斗争促进了罗马征服希腊，故选A项。
55.C 伊壁鸠鲁派信奉适度的欢乐和逃避痛苦，这是他们支持的观点，故espouse的意思为“支持，信奉”，故选C项。(2)
Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents.
If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half of “Boy, I can’t wait to get back to work.” While all work and no play is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.
The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once you’ve been at a company for five years and have a spouse, mortgage and child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things aren’t turning out as you’d planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of all. People resent having to do something because they have no other choice.
If you find yourself resenting your job because you can’t afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a “cyanide capsule”. He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent has such a capsule hidden somewhere on his body. If he’s captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change.
Rather than cyanide, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. Your might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. You’re not giving up your current job. Rather, you could jump ship. Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are there only because you want to be.
At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. More people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren’t. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.
56. What do we most likely want during a long vacation, according to the author?
A. To extend their vacation as long as possible.
B. To gain a balance between work and play.
C. To get back to work as soon as possible.
D. To relax completely, free from worry.
57. It is indicated in the passage that most people dislike their jobs because _____.
A. going to work is wasting their time
B. they can’t feel fulfilled in their jobs
C. they are confined to the jobs tightly
D. pay seldom corresponds with work
58. When one considers changing job, the biggest difficulty is _____.
A. leaving a company and a good boss
B. reducing the family burden
C. giving up a stable income
D. drawing up a better plan for the future
59. The author suggests that, by having a “cyanide capsule” at work, one will _____.
A. find a satisfactory job soon
B. be as brave as the hero in spy movies
C. be more tolerant with the present job
D. have the courage to give up the unbearable job
60. You will change your attitude towards your job when _____.
A. you are provided with the chance to choose
B. you are responsible for your present job
C. you get ready your up-to-date resume
D. you get what you need from your job【答案与解析】
56.B 文章第二段后半部分提到不能一直工作，也不能一直玩，由此可知，我们需要平衡工作和娱乐，故B项符合题意。
57.C 根据第三段第一句“The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped.”可知，大部分人不喜欢他们工作的原因是觉得自己深陷其中。C项与之意思相同，故为正确答案。
58.C 原文第三段倒数第二句提到“A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of all.”，由此可知，换工作最大的困难是放弃稳定的收入，故选C项。
59.C 原文第四段第一句话提到“cyanide capsule”，接着对其进行解释，其中第四句提到“And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change.”，其中的“hold on a little longer”与C选项意思相似，故选C项。
60.A 倒数第二段倒数第二句中提到“Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude.”而“Being in this position”指的是上一段提到的“having an option”，也就是说在你有机会做选择的时候，你会改变对工作的态度，故选A项。(3)
Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concept of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three-dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature, having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon days, no matter what vicissitudes it may suffer later on. The main
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