作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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北京第二外国语学院261英语（二外）历年考研真题及详解试读：
2002年北京第二外国语学院211英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Cloze (10%)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the One answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Americans like to do business without leaving their cars. You’ll (1) _____ drive-in banks, drive-in restaurants, drive-in churches and drive-in movies.
When (2) _____ in the U.S., it’s a good idea to have an international driver’s (3) _____ if you don’t have a state license. Each of the fifty states (4) _____ its own traffic laws. For example, in some states drivers can pump their own gas as self-service islands (5) _____ in others this is not allowed. Drivers (6) _____ and understand the laws (7) _____ they don’t live in the state. Get information when you cross the (8) _____ into a state at a tourist information center.
There is a national speed limit of 55 miles per hour, (9) _____ about 80 kilometers per hour. Americans usually start and stop slowly and are generally polite about letting cars enter busy streets. They usually stop for people who are walking to let them (10) _____ the street. In many states you may turn right after stopping at a corner, even if there is a (11) _____ light. On some roads there may be minimum speed.
If you rent a car, ask the company (12) _____ in case your car (13) _____. Some companies will ask you to call a special number. (14) _____ will want you to have the car (15) _____. They will deduct the cost of the repair from your bill.“Mileage” can mean two things. It may mean the total number of miles a car (16) _____. We say, “This car has 10,000 miles on it; it has low mileage.” (17) _____, “gas mileage” is the number of miles a car can travel on one U.S. gallon of gas. For example, a big car that (18) _____ 25 miles to the gallon gets very good mileage. A small economy car should get (19) _____ 35 miles to the gallon when it’s new.
If you want to rent a vehicle you can (20) _____, you should ask about RV’s recreational vehicles. You don’t need a car to pull an RV—you can drive it! Yet it’s as big as a house trailer. You can also rent a camping trailer.
1. A. look into
B. catch a glimpse
C. take a glance
D. see
2. A. driving
B. to drive
C. being driven
D. to be driven
3. A. ID card
B. lease
C. passport
D. license
4. A. have
B. share
C. has
D. shared
5. A. when
B. if
C. as
D. while
6. A. are expected to know
B. are expected knowing
C. expected to know
D. expected knowing
7. A. until
B. even if
C. in case
D. when
8. A. territory
B. border
C. suburbs
D. line
9. A. and
B. or so
C. or else
D. or
10. A. to across
B. across
C. to cross
D. cross
11. A. yellow
B. green
C. red
D. brown
12. A. to do what
B. what to do
C. what do
D. what should do
13. A. breaks out
B. breaks down
C. breaks off
D. breaks up
14. A. Others
B. The other
C. Another
D. The others
15. A. repair
B. repaired
C. repairing
D. to be repaired
16. A. has been driving
B. has driven
C. is driven
D. has been driven
17. A. On another hand
B. On one hand
C. On the other hand
D. On the other hands
18. A. got
B. gets
C. getting
D. has got
19. A. at least
B. at less
C. at last
D. at lest
20. A. sleep at
B. sleep over
C. sleep on
D. sleep in【答案与解析】
1. D 上文提到“美国人喜欢不离开他们的车完成一切业务”，空格所在处则举例说明。see看到；普通用词。look into调查；观察。catch a glimpse瞥见。take a glance看一眼。句意：你会看到免下车的银行，免下车餐馆，免下车的教堂和免下车电影院。
2. A 本文主要讲的是关于开车的问题，并根据后文提到的“如果没有州驾驶证，带上国际驾驶证也是不错的”可知是在美国开车，所以用现在分词表示主动语态。
3. D 根据后文出现的state license可知此处应该指的是international license（国际驾驶证），与后文形成对应。
4. C 主语为each of+复数名词时，为单数概念，故谓语动词也应该是单数形式。这里表达的意思是“50个州各自有不同的法律”，是在描述客观事实，故用一般现在时。
5. D 空格前文提到“在一些州司机可以自己给汽车加油”，下文则说“在有些州这是不被允许的”，由此可知句子间存在对比转折关系，所以应该选while，意为“然而；但是”。
6. A be expected to do sth.被期望做某事；固定搭配。这里指的是“司机被期望要知道和理解这些法律”。
7. B even if即使；引导让步状语从句。句意：司机应该知道和理解这些法律即使他们不住在这个州。
8. B cross the border越过边境；固定搭配。句中指的是越过州界。
9. D or或者；连接两个数字，表示选择。句意：全国的车速限制是每小时55英里或80英里。
10. D let sb. do sth.让某人做某事；用动词原形。cross the street过马路；固定搭配。
11. C even if即使；引导让步状语从句。句意是“在许多州即使是红灯，你也可以在路口右转”。
12. B ask sb. what to do意为“询问某人怎么办”。疑问词+动词不定式表示一种省略，完整结构应该是ask the company what you should do。
13. B break down（机器等）发生故障，失灵；抛锚。句意：如果你想租车，你应该问问租车公司该怎样做以防车子出故障。
14. A some...others...意为“一些……另一些”，没有具体的范围，单纯表示列举。
15. B have sth. done表示“让事情发生；使某人做某事”。这里指的是“另一些公司会想让你找人把车修好”。
16. D 里程可以指汽车已经行驶过的总英里数。car和动词drive之间存在动宾关系，所以应该用被动语态；用现在完成时表示到现在为止的总里程数，并且数字还会持续变化下去。
17. C 上文提到“里程包括两种含义，一种是汽车已经行驶了多少英里”。空格后又列举了另外一种含义，所以应该选on the other hand，意为“另一方面”。
18. B 通过分析句子结构可知空格处为定语从句的谓语动词。主句为一般现在时，且先行词为单数概念，故从句谓语动词也应该保持一致，答案选B。
19. A 小型经济型汽车一加仑汽油所行驶的里程会更长，所以选at least，意为“至少”。句意：一辆小型经济型轿车在新开的时候，至少每加仑汽油要跑35英里。
20. D sleep in the car睡在车里；固定搭配。句意：如果你想租一辆能在里面睡觉的车，你应该询问一下房车的休闲车类。
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (50%)
Section A (40%)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arc choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singe line through the center.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Bond had walked for only a few minutes when it suddenly occurred to him that he was being followed. There was no evidence for it except a slight tingling of the scalp and an extra awareness of the people near him, but he had faith in his sixth sense and he at once topped in from of the shop window he was passing and looked thcasually back along 46 Street. Nothing but a lot of miscellaneous people moving slowly on the sidewalks, mostly on the same side as himself, the side that was sheltered from the sun. There was no sudden movement into a doorway, nobody casually wiping his face with a handkerchief to avoid recognition, nobody bending down to tie a shoelace.
Bond examined the Swiss watches in his shop window and then turned and sauntered on. After a few yards he stopped again. Still nothing. He went on and turned right into the Avenue of the Americas, stopping in the first doorway, the entrance to a women’s underwear store where a man in a tan suit with his back to him was examining the black lace pants on a particularly realistic dummy. Bond turned and leant against a pillar and gazed lazily but watchfully out into the street.
And then something gripped his pistol arm and a voice snarled: “All right, Limey. Take it easy unless you want lead for lunch,” and he felt something press into his back just above the kidneys.
What was there familiar about that voice? The Law? The Gang? Bond glanced down to see what was holding his right arm. It was a steel hook. We, if the man had only one arm! Like lightning he swiveled, bending sideways and bringing his left fist round in a flailing blow, low down.
There was a smack as his fist was caught in the other man’s left hand, and at the same time as the contact telegraphed to Bond’s mind that there could have been no gun. there came the well-remembered laugh and the lazy voice saying: “No good, James. The angels have got you.”
Bond straightened himself slowly and for a moment he could only gaze into the grinning hawk-life face of Felix Leiter with blank disbelief, his built-up tension slowly relaxing.“So you were doing a front tail, you bastard,” he finally said.
1. “Sixth sense” means _____.
A) instinct
B) common sense
C) sense of humor
D) memory
2. Why did Bond stop in the doorway to the underwear shop?
A) to look at the man in the fim suit
B) to look at the underwear
C) to get out of the heat
D) to see who was following him
3. What is a “dummy”?
A) a model used for displaying clothes.
B) a beautiful girl
C) somebody who can’t speak
D) an advertisement.
4. What is meant by “Take it easy unless you want lead for lunch”?
A) You go first slowly and we’ll have lunch together.
B) Take the gun gently or it will go off
C) Don’t move or I’ll shoot you.
D) Put your hands up.
5. What does “doing a front tail” mean?
A) walking backwards.
B) following somebody from in front.
C) hiding behind people.
D) pretending to be somebody else.【答案与解析】
1. A 定位至文章首段第二句话。sixth sense意为“第六感；直觉”。instinct（直觉；本能）与其表达意思相同。句意表达的是“Bond是通过第六感觉察到自己被人跟踪了”。
2. D 文章首段第二句提到“...he at once topped in from of the thshop window he was passing and looked casually back along 46 Street”，由此可知Bond的第六感觉察到有人在跟踪他所以他停下来是为了看看到底是谁在跟踪他。
3. A dummy意为“（商店橱窗中陈列服装等用的）人体模型，服装模型”，故选项A的解释符合要求。
4. C 文章第三段最后一句提到“...he felt something press into his back just above the kidneys.”，感觉到什么东西顶在他的腰部，他意识到可能遇上歹徒了。lead有“子弹”的意思；所以选项C“不要动不然我一枪崩了你”最符合句意要求。
5. B 从前面部分我们知道，当他往后面看的时候，并没有发现可疑的情况。后面有人跟踪的话，我们一般会说“后面有尾巴”。而a front tail则是反过来的，所以a front tail应该是指“被人从前面跟踪了”，因为这是朋友搞的恶作剧。故答案选B。
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
In Utopia the chief, and almost the only, business of the magistrates is to take care that no man live idle, but that every one may follow his trade diligently; yet they do not wear themselves out with perpetual toil, from morning to night, as if they were beasts of burden, which as it is indeed a heavy slavery, so it is everywhere the common course of life among all mechanics except the Utopians; but they, dividing the day and night into 24 hours, appoint six of these for work, three of which are before dinner, and three after. They then sup, and at eight o’clock, counting from noon, go to bed and sleep eight hours. The rest of their time, besides that taken up in work, eating, and sleeping, is left to every man’s discretion; yet they are not to abuse that interval to luxury and idleness, but must employ it to some proper exercise according to the various inclinations, which is for the most part reading. It is ordinary to have public lectures every morning before daybreak; at which none are obliged to appear but those who are marked out for literature; yet a great many, both men and women of all ranks, go to hear lectures of one sort or other, according to their inclinations. But if others, that are not made for contemplation, choose rather to employ themselves at that time in their trades, as many of them do. They are not hindered, but are rather commended, as men that take care to serve their country. After supper, they spend an hour in some diversion, in summer in their gardens and in winter in the halls where they eat, where they entertain each other, either with music or discourse. They do not so much as know dice, or any such foolish and mischievous games. But the time appointed for labor is to be narrowly examined, otherwise you may imagine, that since there are only six hours appointed for work, they may fall under a scarcity of necessary provisions. But it is so far from being true, that this time is not sufficient for supplying them with plenty of all things either necessary or convenient; that it is rather too much; and this you will easily apprehend if you consider how great a part of all other nations is quite idle.
6. In Utopia, according to the author, the primary task of the magistrates is to _____.
A) recruit new members into the society.
B) take care that everyone is diligently employed.
C) assign duties to the labor force.
D) exercise their authoritarian powers.
7. It specified, in Utopia, that leisure time must not be spent _____.
A) in luxury and idleness.
B) in attending lectures.
C) at one’s customary job.
D) in amassing wealth.
8. Those who during their leisure time, select instead to work at their trades are believed to be _____.
A) unintelligent.
B) overly ambitious.
C) outstanding artisans and craftsmen.
D) performing a service to the state.
9. That a citizen of Utopian may do whatever he wishes is, as implied by the author _____.
A) impossible
B) true only within the framework of the society’s rules.
C) desirable
D) contingent upon the amount of work he produces.
10. It may be inferred, after reading the selection, that the Utopian state _____.
A) is not democratic.
B) is the most perfect kind of social organization.
C) is an evil concept of social organization.
D) has some features any society might well imitate.【答案与解析】
6. B 文章第一句提到“In Utopia the chief, and almost the only, business of the magistrates is to take care that no man live idle, but that every one may follow his trade diligently.”，在乌托邦中，地方官最主要的也是最基本的的工作就是要保证没有人是无所事事的，每个人都在勤奋努力地工作。
7. A 文章第三句提到“...yet they are not to abuse that interval to luxury and idleness…”，由此可知在乌托邦，空闲时间不能用来享受奢华、无所事事。
8. D 文章第六句话提到“They are not hindered, but are rather commended, as men that take care to serve their country.”，他们没有受到阻碍，而是受到赞扬，就像那些为国家服务的人一样。由此可知那些选择在休息时间工作的人是在为国家服务。
9. B 文章第三句提到“...but must employ it to some proper exercise according to the various inclinations”，由此可知在乌托邦人们可以自由选择自己想干的事但必须要遵守一定的规定，必须做一些合适的正确的事。
10. D 文章最后一句提到“...that it is rather too much...”，由此可知乌托邦人可以创造充足的商品供给或需要的东西，而很多其他国家的人都无所事事，无法创造充足的财富。故其他国家有可能会学习一些乌托邦国的做法。
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae. In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desen fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps that live in the Mojave Desert, an intensely dry region in the south-west of the United States where shade temperature of over 50℃ are often recorded.
The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake, once every two to five years, these eggs hatch. Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimeter lo a length of about 1.5 centimeters.
Throughout the time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally rapidly evaporates. Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By the twelfth day, however, when they are about 3 centimeter long, hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females. Usually by this time, all that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil. On the thirteenth day and the next, during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud. Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.
If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth adulthood, egg-laying, and death. Some years there is insufficient rain to form a lake; in this case, the eggs will remain dormant for another year, or even longer if necessary. Very, very occasionally, perhaps twice in a hundred years, sufficient rain tails to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more. In this ease, the species passes through two cycles of growth, egg-laying, and death. Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.
11. Which of the following is the MOST distinctive feature of Mojave shrimps?
A) Their eggs can survive years of drought.
B) They feed on plant and animal organism.
C) Their lives are brief.
D) They lay their eggs in the mud.
12. By saying “for the shrimps it is a race against the time” author means _____.
A) they have to swim fast to avoid danger in the rapidly evaporating lake.
B) they have to swim fast to catch the animal organisms on which they survive.
C) they have to complete their life cycle within a short span of time permitted by the environment.
D) they have to multiply as many times as possible within thirteen days.
13. This passage mainly deals with _____.
A) the survival of desert shrimps.
B) the life span of the Mojave shrimps.
C) the importance of water to life.
D) life in the Mojave Desert.
14. The word “dormant” most probably means _____.
A) soft
B) strong
C) alert
D) inactive
15. It may be inferred from the passage that _____.
A) appearance and size arc most important for life to survive in the desert.
B) a species must be able to multiply quickly in order to survive.
C) some species develop a unique life pattern to survive in extremely harsh conditions.
D) for some species one life cycle in a year is enough to survive the desert drought.【答案与解析】
11. A 文章首段第三句提到“...there are desen fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs.”，沙漠中有些鱼类可以以不活跃的卵的形态熬过漫长的干旱与酷暑。下文则举生活在莫哈韦沙漠的小虾的例子进行说明。由此可知这些虾也可以以不活跃的卵的形态熬过干旱。故选项A正确。
12. C 文章第三段第一、二句提到“在这些小虾迅速成长的同时，湖泊里的水也在迅速蒸发。因此，对于小虾而言，它们的生命就是一场和时间的赛跑”；由此可知这些虾需要在湖泊水蒸发前抓紧时间完成生命进程，故答案选C。
13. A 文章主要介绍了在莫哈韦沙漠的虾类是如何应对恶劣的生存环境而得以生存的，故选项A“虾的生存”最能概括文章的主旨大意。
14. D 定位至文章最后一段第二句话。句意：在某些年份里，没有足够的雨水来形成湖泊，这些卵会蛰伏到下一年，或者蛰伏的更久。dormant意为“休眠的；静止的；不活跃的”；inactive（不活跃的）与其表达相同意思。
15. C 文章主要介绍了虾类是如何适应沙漠恶劣的自然条件生存下来的，由此可推测出有些物种是会在恶劣的条件中形成一种特有的生存模式，故答案选C。
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Have you ever noticed, when looking at a map of the world, that the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa look as though they might fit together? If you have, you are not alone. In 1965 the English scientist Sir Edwar Bullard used a computer to test the fit of the two continents and found that at an ocean depth of 2,000 metres the match was very close indeed.
It seems too remarkable to be possible, but there is a lot of evidence to suggest that Africa was once joined tp South America. For example, there is a belt of ancient rocks along the east coast of Brazil which corresponds with the rocks across the South Atlantic in West Africa.
There is further evidence that existing land masses were once linked. The remains of a 400-to- 500-million-year-old mountain chain has been found running down the eastern part of Greenland western Scandinavia and through north-west Scotland and Ireland into western Canada eventually finding their way to north-west Africa.
Then there is the evidence from life itself. In various parts of the world today the same animals and plants can he found on land masses separated by, in some cases thousands of miles of oceans. Did they evolve at the same time in two different places? It seems unlikely. Biologists believe that there must have been land bridges which have now sunk beneath the sea. Also fossils found in sedimentary rocks (fossils are the preserved remains of life forms) have allowed geologists to trace the same plants from South America and Antarctica in rocks perhaps 300 million years old.
The ice that is now confined to the polar regions has not always been so limited in extent. Indeed during a period of the Earth’s history known as the permocarboniferous age（二叠石炭纪）about 250-350 million yeas ago, there is evidence from the rocks that there were glaciers covering South America, parts of Africa, India, Australia, as well as Antarctica. On the other hand in the northern hemisphere there were deserts. If the continents were distributed as they are today, it is hard to understand how this could be.
So there is considerable evidence to show whole continents moved apart, and naturally many people have tried to discover how and why whole land masses moved.
16. How many proofs does the author give in the passage?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 4
D) 7
17. According to lire author’s opinion, Africa and South America didn’t move apart until _____.
A)500 million years ago
B) 350 million years ago
C) 250 million years ago
D) 300 million years ago
18. “...eventually finding their way to north-west Africa.” means _____.
A) we can find a way from the eastern part of Greenland to north-west Africa.
B) we can also find these remains in north-west Africa.
C) the mountain chain goes from the eastern part of Greenland to north-west Africa.
D) it is a long way from the eastern part of Greenland to north-west Africa.
19. The word “glaciers” most probably means _____.
A) forests
B) snow
C) ice
D) rocks
20. The most appropriate title for this passage would be _____.
A) The Continental Drift
B) The Movement of the Two Continents.
C) The Evidence of the Continental Drift.
D) The History of the Earth.【答案与解析】
16. B 文章第二段第二句指出第一条证据：在巴西东海岸有一条
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