作者：周雷
出版社：浙江教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
六大名师考研英语(二)历年真题全析全解与复习指南(考研无忧英语培训教材)试读：
前言
PREFACE为了追求理想，为了成为知识火种的继承者和传递者，为了成为矗立在风口浪尖的时代弄潮儿，百万莘莘学子加入到如火如荼的考研浪潮中来。作为战斗在培训一线的考研老师，我们有义务为这些在黑暗中摸索的考生指明前进的方向，与考生一起吹响冲锋的号角，高奏胜利的凯歌。因此，我们郑重向大家推荐“考研英语名师辅导系列丛书”，与大家一起决战考研之巅！
为了能够更好地使用该套丛书，我们愿意把自己多年积累的考研复习经验与大家共同探讨、分享，但愿能从复习时间安排、复习步骤、复习方法、心态调整、复习效果等方面对广大考生有所帮助！“There are two basic ways to see growth; one as a product, the other as a process.”这句话表明，对于无数参加研究生入学考试的莘莘学子来说，结果也许是令人惊喜的，但过程却不堪忍受。于是，我们需要改变，考试不可能被我们改变，我们只有改变自己。我们不要痛苦地捱过考研这段日子，而要让考研变成一种值得体验和回味的生活，这也就需要——第一，心态放松
有的同学越到考试越烦，吃也吃不下，睡也睡不香。这是正常现象，是进入状态的表现。当年笔者考研的时候也睡不着，因为睡在我上铺的兄弟还没回来，他都还在用功，我怎么好意思睡？于是，虽然已经看不进一个字了，但我还要坐在书桌前。为什么会这样呢？因为我们没有抱着一种体验的心态，我们仅仅想捱长一点时间。于是这个过程就真的变得痛苦了。可是只要改变心态，就会进入一种良性循环，成绩也会提高。不仅仅体验学习，更是体验生活，品味孤独。“寂寞让你如此美丽，孤独让你如此强大！”考研如火如荼的季节，正是初冬的时候。夜深时，教学楼周围升起一层薄雾，在通宵教室的灯光照耀之下，有一种朦胧的感觉。这种美丽平时很难感觉到，但在长时间地投入学习之后，当你从书堆中抬起头来，就会不自觉地感动于大自然的美。第二，学习重点分明
茫茫英语学海，从何学起？很多考研人都把第一着眼点和大量时间放在了背单词、记语法上面，但是研究生英语考试着重考的并不是词汇量，而是实际运用英语的能力，阅读和写作占去了大部分的分值就是一个明证。所以考研英语的重点在于阅读和写作，大家一定要合理安排自己的学习重点，要记住：词汇和语法是基础，阅读和写作是核心，所有的词汇记忆都是为了提高自己实际的阅读和写作能力。所以只要把大纲要求的语法知识以及5500词汇弄熟就完全可以了，要把更多的时间和精力放到阅读和写作方面。
虽然敌人只有一个——统一的考研英语试题，但是每个考研人都有自己不同的弱项，所以我们得知己知彼，然后改变自己的答题思路，去适应出题者的出题思路。第三，对历年真题高度重视
很多同学在考研英语的复习过程中，从一开始就热衷于做模拟题。这其实是一种得不偿失的复习方法。我们认为，作为复习的第一步，首先要把近十年的真题搞透。真题的价值是无法估量的，任何模拟题目都不能与之相比。提倡大家复习真题，不是为了押题，而是为了从真题中找到出题的规律和做题的规律。只有从真题中总结出来的规律才是最有价值的，而规律又来源于题目考查知识点的重复性。考研英语经过十几年的发展，出题具有一定的重复性。总结真题的特点和规律对于正确做题有莫大的帮助。作为考研英语复习的第一步，大家一定要充分地利用和挖掘真题的价值，一定要在搞透真题的基础上再考虑其他的复习资料。另外还要注意，我们说要把真题“搞透”，并不是说大家把历年的真题做几遍就行了。
所谓搞透，就是不仅要知道正确的答案还要知道错误的答案，不仅要把题目搞透还要把文章搞透。事实上，虽然每年的题目不会重复，但是考点是经常重复的，所以我们在复习的过程中一定要全面和细致。第四，改变应试方式
当有了一定实力、了解一些技巧之后，应试方式就将发生改变——变被动地应考为主动地应考。如在阅读中，文章类型的选取不拘一格。但在教育部考试中心最新的英语考试参考书当中，出题者把它分成四种类型：信息传播型（Imparting Information Pattern）、分析论说型（Opinion Reason Pattern）、事实证明型（Substantiated Facts Pattern）、问题解答型（Question Answer Pattern）。为什么第一次提出这种分类呢？原书是这么说的：“每个作者都有自己的写作目的，为了达到目的，他们往往会采用不同的方式来表达他们的意思，而读者一旦掌握了这些特点，就能对文章内容和结构作出预测，增强对作者意图的理解和对内容的记忆。”那么我们这种改变的关键就是掌握出题者选文的类型，变被动的阅读过程为主动过程，主动预测后文，从而提高阅读效率。
以上经验与广大考生共勉。本书的特色介绍如下：
第一，谨遵考研大纲，精研历年真题
本书完全以《全国研究生入学考试英语大纲》和历年真题为依据，充分把握了考试重点。在本书的编写过程中，我们以历年真题为圆心，以真题中的难点、重点为半径画圆。
第二，经典文章译文，加深真题理解
为了加深对真题中阅读理解文章的把握，凡是考研的阅读真题都给出了答案解析及译文。我们建议同学们尽量把阅读理解背诵下来，这样不仅解决了阅读理解的词汇、复杂句、语感等问题，同时也解决了考研复习中的重点与非重点之间的关系问题。
第三，潜心的深入钻研，实用的解题思路
该书荟萃和收录了新东方学校最优秀考研英语名师所总结的解题思路，提出了独到的见解，真正做到了“人无我有，人有我优”。
第四，道破了考官意图，崭新的备考视角
该书深刻剖析了出题者的命题思路，以崭新的视角为考生的备考提供了方向。
由于时间仓促，错误疏漏在所难免，恳请广大考生斧正，待再版时修订。编者
2007年考研英语（二）试题
【答案链接】Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）
Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but 1 she's worried about what she calls“my rolling mental blackouts”.“I try to remember something and I just blank out,”she says.
You may 2 about these lapses, calling them“senior moments”or blaming“early Alzheimer's（老年痴呆症）”. Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the 3 you remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 4 problems that are not necessarily age-related.
“When a teenager can't find her keys, she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized,”says Paul Gold.“A 70-year-old blames her 5 .”In fact, the 70-year-old may have been 6 things for decades.
In healthy people, memory doesn't worsen as 7 as many of us think.“As we 8 , the memory mechanism isn't 9 ,”says psychologist Fergus Craik.“It's just inefficient.”
The brain's processing 10 slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly 11 . Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 12 there's less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon,“It's not clear that less activity is 13 . A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 14 athlete. In the same way, 15 the brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it.”
There are 16 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it 17 effort. Margaret Sewell says:“We're a quick-fix culture, but you have to 18 to keep your brain 19 shape. It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year 20 expect to stay in top form.”1. A. almost
B. seldom
C. already
D. never2. A. joke
B. laugh
C. blame
D. criticize3. A. much
B. little
C. more
D. less4. A. since
B. for
C. by
D. because5. A. memory
B. mind
C. trouble
D. health6. A. disorganizing
B. misplacing
C. putting
D. finding7. A. swiftly
B. frequently
C. timely
D. quickly8. A. mature
B. advance
C. age
D. grow9. A. broken
B. poor
C. perfect
D. working10. A. pattern
B. time
C. space
D. information11. A. why
B. how
C. what
D. when12. A. since
B. hence
C. that
D. although13. A. irregular
B. better
C. normal
D. worse14. A. famous
B. senior
C. popular
D. trained15. A. as
B. till
C. though
D. yet16. A. stages
B. steps
C. advantages
D. purposes17. A. makes
B. takes
C. does
D. spends18. A. rest
B. come
C. work
D. study19. A. to
B. for
C. on
D. in20. A. so
B. or
C. and
D. ifSection Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1
Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.
It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it: population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world's last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world's peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.
Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?
Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres—at home, among friends, in community settings—and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.
Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.
For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）, however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.
21. Minority languages can be best preserved in ______.
A. an increasingly interconnected world
B. maintaining small numbers of speakers
C. relatively isolated language communities
D. following the tradition of the 20th century
22. According to paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is ______.
A. uncertain
B. unrealistic
C. foreseeable
D. definite
23. According to the author, bilingualism can help ______.
A. small languages become acceptable in work places
B. homogenize the world's languages and cultures
C. global languages reach home and community settings
D. speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity
24. Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it ______.
A. makes learning a global language unnecessary
B. facilitates the learning and using of those languages
C. raises public awareness of saving those languages
D. makes it easier for linguists to study those languages
25. In the author's view, many endangered languages are ______.
A. remarkably well-kept in this modern world
B. exceptionally powerful tools of communication
C. quite possible to be revived instead of dying out
D. a unique way of bringing different groups togetherText 2
Everyone, it seems, has a health problem. After pouring billions into the National Health Service, British people moan about dirty hospitals, long waits and wasted money. In Germany, the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. Canada's new Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country's lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, ageing and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income.
But nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford's announcement this week that it would cut up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 was as much a sign of its“legacy”health-care costs as of the ills of the car industry. Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers（生育高峰期出生的人）will crush the government's finances, George Bush is to unveil a reform plan in next week's state-of-the-union address.
America's health system is unlike any other. The United States spends 16% of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $6,280 for every American each year. Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Thanks to an accident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employer, with the government picking up the bill for the poor and the elderly.
This curious hybrid（混合物）certainly has its strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is much more innovative. Europeans' bills could be much higher if American medicine were not doing much of their Research and Development（R & D）for them. But there are also huge weaknesses. The one most often cited—especially by foreigners—is the army of uninsured. Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many cases that is out of choice and, if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. And there are also shocking inefficiencies: by some measures, 30% of American health spending is wasted.
Then there is the question of state support. Many Americans disapprove of the“socialized medicine”of Canada and Europe. In fact, even if much of the administration is done privately, around 60% of America's health-care bill ends up being met by the government. Proportionately, the American state already spends as much on health as the OECD（Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development）average and that share is set to grow as the baby-boomers run up their Medicare bills and ever more employers avoid providing health-care coverage. America is, in effect, heading towards a version of socialized medicine by default.
26. Health problems mentioned in the passage include all the following EXCEPT ______.
A. poor hospital conditions in U.K.
B. Angela Merkel under attack
C. health financing in Germany
D. long waiting lines in Canada
27. Ford's announcement of cutting up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 indicates that Ford ______.
A. has the biggest health problem of the car industry
B. has made profits from its health-care legacy
C. has accumulated too heavy a health-care burden
D. owes a great deal of debt to its employees
28. In the author's opinion, America's health system is ______.
A. inefficient
B. feasible
C. unpopular
D. successful
29. It is implied in the passage that ______.
A. America's health system has its strengths and weaknesses
B. the U.S. government pays medical bills for the poor and the
elderly
C. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insurance
D. Europeans benefit a lot from America's medical research
30. From the last paragraph we may learn that the“socialized medicine”is ______.
A. a practice of Canada and Europe
B. a policy adopted by the U.S. government
C. intended for the retiring baby boomers
D. administered by private enterprisesText 3
When Thomas Keller, one of America's foremost chefs, announced that on Sept.1st he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French.
But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense.“Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job”is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.
Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumer's assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.
Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.
What's more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call“upselling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.
31. It may be inferred that a European-style service ______.
A. is tipping-free
B. charges little tip
C. is the author's initiative
D. is offered at Per Se
32. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?
A. Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.
B. Waiters don't care about tipping.
C. Customers generally believe in tipping.
D. Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.
33. According to Michael Lynn's studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they ______.
A. have performed good service
B. frequently refill customers' water glass
C. win customers' favor
D. serve customers of the same sex
34. We may infer from the context that“upselling”（Line 2, Para.6）probably means ______.
A. selling something up
B. selling something fancy
C. selling something unnecessary
D. selling something more expensive
35. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. reasons to abolish the practice of tipping
B. economic sense of tipping
C. consumers' attitudes towards tipping
D. tipping for good serviceText 4“I promise.”“I swear to you it'll never happen again.”“I give you my word.”“Honestly. Believe me.”Sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity, I read my students' essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism（剽窃）appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won't detect a polished piece of prose from another wise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student's work with his or her name even if it's missing from the upper left-hand corner.
Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average（GPA）? When we're threatened or sick, we make conditional promises.“If you let me pass math I will...”“Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I'll...”Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché（陈词滥调）to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not?
Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing.
I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it was his own work. I gave him the identical assignment and told him to write it in class, and that I'd understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays.“I promise...I'm not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I'm just nervous today.”
The head of the English department agreed with my finding, and the meeting with the dean had the boy's parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy's previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation（留校察看）, the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested,“He's only a child”and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such, except in this uncomfortable circumstance.
36. According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for ______.
A. money
B. degree
C. higher GPA
D. reputation
37. The sentence“Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises”implies that ______.
A. students usually keep their promises
B. some students tend to break their promises
C. the promises are always behind the situation
D. we cannot judge the situation in advance, as we do to the
promises
38. The phrase“borderline passing”（Line 3, Para.3）probably means ______.
A. fairly good
B. extremely poor
C. above average
D. below average
39. The boy's parents thought their son should be excused mainly because ______.
A. teachers should be compassionate
B. he was only a child
C. instructors were wiser
D. he was threatened
40. Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage?
A. Human Nature.
B. Conditional Promises.
C. How to Detect Cheating.
D. The Sadness of Plagiarism.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]