作者：庞相梁
出版社：中国摄影出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
石油钻工试读：
叩响地宫宝藏之门的人——我心中的石油钻工
石油—— 一滴滴黑色的金子，国家之命脉，民生之厚基。
石油，让人类生活方式与质量，发生了革命性的改变。
石油，使人类追星揽月，问鼎九天，飞向宇宙。
毫不夸张地说，时至今日，除了空气、阳光和水，世界上没有任何一种自然物质能像石油一样对人们的生活、社会的发展影响如此之大。
然而这一切，都需要钻工把深深埋藏在地下的石油矿藏开采出来，才能变成现实。
因此，就走来了叩响地宫宝藏之门的人——石油钻工。
本画册的石油钻工，拍自于中国大庆油田。
自1959年9月26日，大庆“松基三井”喷出工业油流，中国，就结束了贫油的历史，也开创了中国石油工业的新纪元。
半个多世纪以来，大庆油田共打井10万余口，累计生产原油22亿多吨，创造连续27年5000万吨高产稳产和4000万吨多年稳产的历史记录。
自2008年，大庆油田打响了高科技新会战，100多个钻井队集中在各个油区，再现了当年石油大会战的恢宏场景。为了记录这场新会战，作者利用业余时间，跟随钻井队，走遍整个会战地区，用镜头采集了大量资料。
画册中的图片，均拍摄于钻井生产一线，那壮观的作业场面、高强度的劳动、钻工兄弟乐观的精神，以及他们工作生活状况的瞬间，深深地震撼、感染着作者。镜头初识钻头
记得是2007年夏，我去拍摄大庆黑鱼湖的荷花，在往返途中，看到许多井架矗立在草原、湖畔和树林里。本是寻常风景，但却怦然心动，遂驱车来到一个钻井现场。记得是个新井位，因刚下过雨，井场非常泥泞，钻具排列整齐，一派繁忙景象。拖拉机、装卸机在平整场地，机器轰鸣，井架待竖；钻工两人一组拉着四角钢缆固定井架；三、四个钻工扛着钻具走在泥水之中；指挥吊装的哨声和号子声骤然响起，只见粗粗的钢缆缓缓收紧，将二十多米高、几十吨重的钻塔徐徐拉起，伴着机器轰鸣声，一曲劳动交响乐，震撼葱茏的四野，场面蔚为壮观，我仿佛看到了纪录片中上世纪六十年代石油大会战的动人场景。
工作生活在油田几十年，对于井架树装司空见惯，但这么多钻井架集中在一个区块，十几年来是不多见的。而近距离接触钻井生产，也是第一次。更让我没想到的是，现在石油钻井生产作业，劳动强度依然这么大。井架升起后，我看清二层平台上的队标是15152钻井队。从那一天起，井架就时时召唤着我，我对钻井、对钻工兄弟，逐渐有了感觉。
那天，是我拍摄石油钻井、石油钻工的起点。
现实的启发，却不是偶得。
我成长在石油老会战家庭，走出校门鞋底沾着原油就参加了油田建设。人生的经历与职业的历练使我始终关注着石油，眷恋着油田，见证了一座城市因油而生，因油而兴的发展历程。可以说，我与石油的情缘是在骨子里铸就的。终于，我爱上了摄影，可以通过镜头来进行倾诉，而这一倾诉，就让我走上了五年多深入石油钻井生产一线进行拍摄的创作之路。
来路崎岖，征途漫漫。
拍摄主题的确定，使我找到了原点。
于今回想，当我拿起相机，很长时间找不到拍摄方向。客观上不能与影友外出采风，拍摄什么，怎么拍摄？困惑了很长时间，使我百思不得其果。“好照片就在你身边”——李少白老师语。自从我把石油、钻井定位摄影主攻方向后，蕴藏在身体中的热流，如同石油地火一样迸发出来，给我动力与激情，使我获得了摄影创作的源泉，找到了自己的根，站在了石油工业的原点。
最初，我只是陶醉于钻井会战的场景。如朝阳初升，井场蒸汽缭绕，云腾霞蔚；或晚霞漫天，井架林立，雄伟壮观；或暮色降临，钻塔灯光闪烁，远处星光辉映。可是拍了一段时间，我又开始陷入茫然，怎么拍，拍什么的问题再一次困扰着我。
由于工作关系，我经常陪同外地客人参观“两馆”（大庆石油科技馆、铁人王进喜纪念馆），铁人的诗话、铁人的事迹，以及当年大会战中石油工人战天斗地、人拉肩扛的动人场面，透过极具历史感和穿透力的黑白影像，深深地震撼着我。
思悟或有所得。我翻拍旧照，查阅史料，经常研读著名摄影家、影评家的图册和论著，及其他报刊的图片与文章； 多次聆听著名摄影家的讲座，多次请摄影界的老师和影友对我的作品指导讲评等等。所有这些都启迪着我：以人为表现主体的纪实摄影为什么具有独特的、深远的社会性和历史性？石油工业摄影在工业摄影中处于什么状态？把钻工作为自己摄影创作的主要对象会有哪些挑战？我逐渐在学习探索中找到了答案和方向。
摄影是门艺术。 纪实摄影归根结底是用以记录人的生存方式和社会活动。 工业摄影是记录包括人制造的机器在内的工业生产成果和生产过程留下的各种痕迹，它将忠实刻录和反映工业文明给人类社会带来的进步及造成的后果。因此，工业摄影主要表现手段是纪实。不论过去还是当下，工业摄影本质上就是“机器+人”的艺术。
石油工业在庞大工业体系中是一种特殊而重要的行业，石油工业摄影是工业摄影的重要门类。石油工业摄影中最具特点、最有表现力的当属钻井生产。我这样认为不仅是因为石油钻井生产具有很强的表现形式，而更重要的意义在于这是石油工业的原点。所以，自发现油田至今，钻井一直被誉为是“石油工业的尖兵”。
为拍好“钻工”这个主题，我先后走访了多个石油钻井企业，了解油田的近期开发战略与大政方针，将镜头对准这场高科技新会战。上世纪六十年代大会战的情景将再现镜头之内，我暗自庆幸：这是多么难得的历史性机遇啊。
至此，镜头必然结识钻头，而我必将与钻工成为朋友。
People Who Knocking on the Door of Underground Treasure Palace——Drillers in My Heart
Oil-drops of black gold，lifeline of national economy，foundation of people’s livelihood.
Oil has brought revolutionary changes to ways and quality of human beings’ lives.
Oil has sent man into the universe to touch the moon and stars around us.
It’s no exaggeration to say that oil has made the greatest impact on people’s lives and the development of the society，except for the sun，water and air up to now.
Only if drillers exploit oil deposits can all these miracles be performed.
Therefore，here they are-the drillers.
The drillers in this photo album come from Daqing Oilfield，China.
On September 26th，1959，industrial oil spurted out of “Well Songji 3”，which both ended the oil-deficiency history of China and opened a new era of oil industry.
For more than 50 years，workers in Daqing Oilfield have completed over 100，000 oil wells，produced an accumulation of 2.2 billion tons of crude oil，and created a historical record of stable production of 50 million tons per year for 27 consecutive years and 40 million tons per year for years.
Since 2008，Daqing Oilfield has launched its new project of oil and gas exploitation. Over 100 drilling crews worked together in different oil blocks，which reproduced the magnificent scene of Great Petroleum Campaign. In order to record this new campaign，the author of this album followed the drilling crews into the whole drilling sites and collected data by cameras in his spare time.
The photos in this album were taken on the front line of oil exploitation. The author more deeply moved and stimulated by Those spectacular working scenes，intensive labor workload，optimistic spirit and moments of workers’ daily lives.第12～13页钻井·石油·能源——钻工在钻台上作业。——摄于2013年4月
Page 12～13
Drilling·Oil ·Energy——Rig workers working on drill floor.（Photo taken in April，2013）第14～15页钻工在更换PDC钻头。PDC钻头是钻井中常用的表层钻头，直径342mm，重300多公斤，更换时要用“气葫芦”将钻头和保护接头一同吊起，用大钳卡住钻头，由转盘卸下保护接头后，再连接钻杆。——摄于2010年8月
Page 14～15
Drilling workers were replacing PDC drill bit. PDC drill bit is commonly used bit for drilling surface formation. It is 342mm in O.D. and 300 kilos in weight. When replacing it，drilling workers need to lift the bit and the saver sub with “air winch”，then fix the bit with rig tongs and disassemble the saver sub with the rotary table，and connect the bit to drill pipe at last.（Photo taken in August，2010）打开回水阀门。——摄于2010年3月
Open the backflush valve（Photo taken in March，2010）第18～19页钻井风雪夜。——摄于2010年12月
Page 18～19
Snowstorm night at drilling site.（Photo taken in December，2010）第20～21页钻机轰鸣，是生活的福音；井架高竖，是耸起的希望。石油能源，是如此直接地装扮我们的生活，承载起民族的未来与梦想。——摄于2012年4月
Page 20～21
The roar of oil rig is the sign of happiness，the standing derricks are the hope of life. Oil is decorating our lives and carrying and future to our nation.（Photo taken in April，2012）
Lens and Drilling，on First Acquaintance
It was the summer of 2007，I went to shoot the lotus in Heiyu Lake，Daqing. On my way back，I happened to see lots of oil derricks standing along the lakes and in the woods. This common landscape in the grasslands of Daqing suddenly touched my heart and drove me to a drilling site. I still remember that it was a new well which was muddy for the rain. Despite of the bad weather and harsh working condition，all the drilling tools were neatly arranged and workers were very busy. Machines were roaring. Tractors and loaders were leveling the ground.Drilling workers were working in pairs to fix the derrick by pulling thick cables，and the other couple of drilling workers were walking in the mud with drilling tools on their shoulders；With a sudden whistle and the succeeding work songs，the oil rig which is 20 meters in height and dozens of tons in weight was slowly set up by collaborative work of drillers and machines，all of which composed a labor symphony that is inspiring and shaking. The moving scene of the Great Petroleum Campaign in 1960s seemed to unfolded before my eyes.
Having lived and worked in Daqing Oilfield for decades，I am familiar with the derricks all around. But，seldom have I seen so many derricks in one oil region and firstly did I come into close contact with oil exploitation. What astonished me more was the surprisingly intense labor of oil exploitation. After the oil derrick being lifted，the team logo “Rig 15152” monkey board of the platform came into my eyes. From then on，oil derricks always beckon me and my esteem to oil drilling and drillers grew.
That day is the beginning of my drilling and drilling workers photographing.
Inevitable inspiration from the reality.
I grew up in a drilling family. I took part in the oilfield construction right after finishing my school education. Because of my life and professional experience，I loved and paid high attention to the oilfield from the very beginning. I witnessed the birth and prosperity of Daqing Oilfield in the process of oil exploitation. My love to oil is engraved in my heart. Finally，I fell in love with photography which carries my love to oilfield. And，it has been photography that leads my way for five years to the artistic work on oil drilling and production.
A rough and rugged road behind，a longer way in the front.
A Subject set，and it served as the starting point for my photographing.
Look back in the past，with camera in hands，I found I couldn’t locate the subject for quite a long time. I wouldn’t go out shooting with my friend simply because either I got pazzled of don’t know what to shoot and how to shoot. I was lost.
“Excellent photos are there around you”，said by Mr. Li Shaobai.
Since I found direction of photography，I realized that my passion burst like a volcano that gives me continuous power and enthusiasm to take photos for oil industry. Finding my root，hence，I stood on the very starting point of photography for oil industry.
Initially，I was reveling in shooting the scenery of oilfield，such as the white steam and colorful clouds of oil sites，the daybreaks，the sunrises，the grand standing derricks and the nearby light together with the faraway stars in the sky at night. Later，I was confused by the identical questions again——what and how.
For my job’s sake，I often visit the two museums with foreign guests（Daqing Petroleum Science and Technology Museum，Iron Man Wang Jinxi Memorial）. The historical and infectious black and white images of Wang Jinxi’s notes and deeds together with the moving scene of fighting against severe natural conditions by labor power of drillers extremely shocked me.
Reflection brings benefits. I recopied the old photos，listened to the lectures of famous photographers and consulted the historical materials，frequently studied the photo album and books like Memory Engraved in Photos as well as other articles on journals，and attended lectures of famous photographers. Besides，many famous photographers and friends had guided me through my shooting. All of which inspired me. Why the man-focused documentary photography is of profound and unique social and historical significance？ What is the status of the oil industry in the industry photography？ What challenges will I meet if I choose drillers as my theme？ I am trying to find answers through exploration.
Photography is an art. The eventual aim of documentary photography is to record people’s way of life and social activities. Industry photography records every result of the industrial production and traces of the production process and which faithfully reflects human society’s improvement as well as evil consequences caused by industrialization. Therefore，the major means of industry photography has to be documentary. No matter at present or in the past，the essence of industry photography is the art of “machine+human”.
Oil industry is a special and significant branch in the huge industrial system，and oil industry photography is an important category in the industry photography. The most characteristic and expressive aspect of oil industry photography is destined to be well drilling，for it is the threshold of oil industry. So，since oil was discovered，drilling has always been honored as “The pioneer of oil industry”.
In order to take good photos of drillers，I visited oil drilling companies to learn the recent oilfield development strategy and major policies，then I focused my lens on the great petroleum campaign in the new era as if the familiar scenes of the 1960s reappeared under my lens. How lucky am I to get this historical opportunity？
Hereupon，lens is bound to acquaint itself with drills，and I am destined to be a friend of drillers.PDC型钻头。 PDC钻头有多种型号，根据地层不同情况和钻井施工生产工序的需要选择使用。一般情况下，钻地表层用330mm的钻头，用于下表层套管，直径均要大于钻杆，钻头中间有很多水眼，泥浆液从地面通过钻杆、钻头水眼注入钻头底部，冷却钻头，冲洗岩屑，沿着钻杆与地层的间隙流到地面泥浆池将岩屑沉淀。——摄于2010年8月
PDC drilling bits. PDC drilling bits have various types，drillers need to choose from all of them according to different formation conditions and drilling procedures. Generally drilling bits of 330mm in O.D. are used for drilling surface formation and running in surface casing. There are nozzlex on the bits through which the mud can run down to the bottom of borehole and then flow down to the mud pit via annulus between drill pipe and well wall. The mud can cool the bits，wash and carry cuttings to the ground.（Photo taken in August，2010）
穿越地宫之门
一口油井，就像地下石油宫殿的一扇门，井队的迁移，就是穿越并打开千米之下的一扇扇地宫之门。
An oil well is like a door of underground palace，and drilling crew migration is like penetrating the doors of these oil palaces.
PENETRATING THE DOOR OF UNDERGROUND PALACE DRILLING CREW MIGRATION
井队迁移
油田建设大体分为地面和地下两部分，人们称地面建设为“天宫”，地下钻探为“地宫”。在大庆油田第一采油厂产能区块，就有一个公交站点叫“地宫门”。那里曾经是、现在仍然是地下石油贮藏和产油最多的地方。一口油井就像一扇门。井队的迁移，实际上就是打开、穿越这一扇扇蕴藏油矿的地宫之门。
井队迁移
，最壮观的是“整拖搬家”施工场面。十几台重型拖拉机用粗粗的钢缆，牵拉上百吨钻井平台，在队长的指挥下，同时加油，机器轰鸣，烟尘滚滚，喊声震天！作者身临其境，脑海立刻浮现出影片《创业》中那撼动人心的场面。就是那个年代，机械设备匮乏，铁人王进喜与组装工、技术员和小队干部研究出“冬季自走”的搬家方案，仅用两台“东方红”牌拖拉机，几十号人，用五天时间把上百吨重的钻机、井架等设备平稳地迁移到500米外的新井位，创造了当时冬季搬家的奇迹。而如今生产技术提高了，工作条件好了，井距也近了，最近的只有3到5米（这是针对不同油层打的加密井），但是，钻井施工质量标准和要求比过去更高更严了，钻工的精神和干劲也不减当年，人拉肩扛的传统没有丢。冬季施工地面有冰，拖拉机履带打滑，钻井平台纹丝不动是常有的事。钻工们挥舞铁镐，手持铁锹，刨冰运土，为拖拉机和钻井平台铺路。井队迁移，如井位较远，途中障碍物较多，钻井设备就要拆卸搬迁。拆卸迁移是一项繁重、严密、伴有很多危险环节的生产作业。繁重——因为拆卸的每个部件轻的几百公斤，重以吨计。严密——井队搬迁有着严密的工作程序，每个部件的安装顺序都不能错，几十吨重的钻井平台——“下船”要准确定位，误差不大于0.5米，否则钻具打入地下几千米后，就会偏离油层；一颗重约五公斤的铆钉与连接孔的间隙只有一毫米，稍有偏差，就影响安装；一个液压管的连接帽只有拇指甲大小，密封不紧就会埋下隐患。危险——成吨重的钻井设备吊上卸下，稍有不慎，就会导致设备碰撞和人员受伤。因此，拆卸安装钻机和井架，主管领导、安全总监、专业技术人员都亲临现场，以确保万无一失。
为了记录井队搬迁全过程，我首先了解各钻井队的工作日程安排，当钢铁1202钻井队在双休日进行异地搬迁时，我便跟随拍了一整天，记录了大量钻工各个作业环节的影像。印象最深的是该队副队长刘杰，这个“80后”年轻钻工，在搬迁中，精准指挥每个吊装环节，严细认真，一丝不苟，展现出新一代钻工牢记使命，敢于担当的壮志豪情（见第54～55页）。萨尔图陈家大院泡，几十米高的塔型井架在绞盘和钢缆的拽动下，缓缓拉起，从卧倒地面到垂直立起需三至五分钟左右。为拍到这一场面，我在井场等了近两个多小时，手脚冻得有些麻木，后来爬到一个磕头机平台上，最终拍下了这张照片（见第82～83页）。井架安装完起升前，要把鲜艳的队旗固定在井架“天车头”上。阳光下，钻工那矫健的身姿，天车头上那迎风招展的红旗，以及如钢铁巨人般巍然矗立的井架，一股自豪与敬意油然而生（见第84～85页）。
石油工人——民族工业的脊梁。
Oilfield construction can be generally divided into two parts：surface and subsurface. People called the former one “Palace”，and the later one “Underground Palace”. In No.1 Oil Plant of Daqing Oilfield，there is a bus station named “Di Gong Men” which means the gate of underground palace. That place was，and still is the largest place of oil reserves and oil production. An oil well is like a gate. Drilling crew migration is to go through the gate of underground palace.
The most spectacular scene of rig migration is rig skidding. Under the order of platform manager，a dozen of heavy tractors pulled the drilling platform through steel wire ropes. Drilling machines were roaring，smoke was billowing，and drillers were chanting work songs. I was right there and flashed back to the moving scene in the movie “Start of an Enterprise”. At that time，workers were lack of machines and equipment. Iron man Wang Jinxi，together with team members developed a program of self-migration in winter. Within five days，dozens of workers removed drilling rigs，derricks and other facilities 500 meters away with only two Dongfanghong Tractors，which is recorded as a miracle. Nowadays，the technology and working condition have became better，the space between oil wells has been as short as 3 to 5 meters（infill well）；while the quality standard has been higher，and requirement has been stricter. The new generation of driller still has the great spirits and hard-working traditions. Sometimes in winter，the ground is covered with ice，so tractors cannot work well. Workers have to break the ice and pave the way for tractors and drilling platform with shovels and pickaxes.
If the migration destination is far away，workers may have to overcome lots of obstacles and some of the drilling equipment needs to be disassembled. Disassembling movement is a hard and strict operation with many dangerous steps. It is hard because every part of the drilling equipment is tons in weight. It is strict because drilling crew need to follow the strict working procedure and the sequence of installation. When setting dozens of tons of drilling platform，workers must accurately position it. Inaccuracy must be controlled within 0.5 meters，otherwise drilling tools may deviate from the oil reservoir. A slight deviation of a rivet may influence the installation. If the nail big hydraulic tube connection cap is loose，the danger may be undermined. Therefore，when workers are installing and removing derricks and heavy equipment，HSE supervisers and technician must be there on the spot to make sure every detail is correct and to avoid equipment collisions and personal injuries.
In order to record rig move process，I need to know the working schedule. Informed that Iron rig 1202 would relocate in a weekend，I followed and shot them during their migration for a whole day. Among lots of wonderful pictures，the most impressive one should be a picture of toolpusher Liu Jie. This post-1980s generation drilling worker precisely and meticulously took command of lifting session，which shows the responsible attitude and vigorous state of the new generation of drilling workers（Page 54～55）.In Chenjia Dayuan Lake，Saertu，a tens of meters high tower-type derrick was being lifted by workers with drawworks and wire rope. It took 3-5 minutes to lift the derrick，while the author spent 2 hours waiting there，and felt numbness in his hands. Then he climbed up to the platform to take this photo（Page 82～83）.Before the lift of the completed derrick，workers need to attach the team flag to the top of the derrick. When seeing the strong figures of workers，the flying red flag and the raising derricks，I felt that pride and respect arose in my heart（Page 84～85）.
Oil workers—— the backbone of the national industry.第36～37页钻井队在夜间进行整拖搬家。——摄于2012年4月
Page 36～37
Rig skidding at night.（Photo taken in April，2012）
举重若轻
Lifting Heavy Machines Easily
百吨平台，整拖搬家，再现了当年大会战恢宏壮观的场面。
这是石油工人的创举，更是钢铁意志的凸现。
The spectacular scene of rig skidding with hundreds of tons in weight. A s a whole shows the grand scene of Great Petroleum Campaign.
This is the pioneering work of oil worker and demonstrates the spirit of iron.第38页拖拉机手。——摄于2010年5月
Page 38
A tractor driver.（Photo taken in May，2010）第39页井架拖运前的准备。——摄于2012年4月
Page 39
Preparation before rig skidding.（Photo taken in April，2012）第40～41页清晨搬家。 清晨4时30分，搬家的拖拉机运到1205钻井队井场。——摄于2010年1月
Page 40～41
Migration in morning. 4：30 am，the tractor arrived at wellsite of Rig 1205.（Photo taken in January，2010）第42～43页被大庆油田命名为“新时期钢铁钻井队”的15152队在整拖搬家。——摄于2010年1月
Page 42～43
Rig 15152 was skidding. Daqing Oilfield honored this crew as “Iron Drilling Crew of New Era”. （Photo taken in January，2010）15153钻井队井位迁移。——摄于2010年8月
Rig 15153 crew was relocating the oil well.（Photo taken in August，2010）南飞雁。一群南飞的大雁从15150钻井队驻地上空飞过。——摄于2012年11月
Wild geese flying south. A group of wild geese was flying across the rigsite of Rig 15150.（Photo taken in November，2012）
智慧与力量
Wisdom and Strength
吊装、链接——粗犷中蕴含精细，庞杂中不失精准；智慧让钢铁帖服，力量在大地铭刻。
Lifting and linking——devote subtlety on rough machines，accuracy in complex procedures. Wisdom tamed the iron，and strength moved the earth.第48页回收钻台加宽台。——摄于2012年3月
Page 48
Retrieving the wide board of drilling platform.（Photo taken in March，2012）第49页清晨，等待搬迁的钻井队。——摄于2010年1月
Page 49
The drilling crew was waiting for migration in early mornimg.（photo taken in January，2010）放倒的井架。新井位比较远，途中又有障碍物，井架需要放倒后，拆卸成若干部分，运到新井位后，重新组装起升。——摄于2013年3月
Flat derrick. The location of a new well is far and obstructed. So，the derrick needs to be disassembled and transported to the new site，then be reassembled and lifted there.（Photo taken in March，2013）
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