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江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary: (1×1, 10 points)
Direction: For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
1. —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!
— _____, madam. This is our soup of the day.
A. Let me see
B. So it is
C. Don’t mention it
D. Neither do I【答案】B【解析】根据“哎呀，这只是普通的蔬菜汤！”这句话来判断，顾客是在抱怨，而答语是服务员对顾客的话做了“确认”回答，“确实如此，这就是我们今天的汤”。
2. The couple _____ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.
A. did for
B. did in
C. did with
D. did up【答案】D【解析】句意：这对夫妇修理了旧房子，然后卖了高价。do up刷新；修缮。do for适合。do in欺骗；搞垮。
3. —Mother, you promised to take me out.
—Well. _____
A. So I did!
B. So did I.
C. So I do!
D. So do I.【答案】A【解析】第一个人抱怨妈妈说话不算数，第二句话用了一个语气词well表明她承认自己曾经许诺过这事。“so+主语+助动词”表示说话人认同对方的看法。
4. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into _____ ones.
A. turbulent
B. tragic
C. vulnerable
D. suspicious【答案】A【解析】句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损毁名誉，把平静的局势弄得十分动荡。根据“turn...into”可知，空白处单词应该与calm意思相反。turbulent混乱的。vulnerable易受攻击的。suspicious可疑的。
5. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _____ impossible to comprehend.
A. has found
B. was finding
C. had found
D. would find【答案】C【解析】句意：这个学生说，他发现这篇文章里有几点很难理解。这句话中“发现”这个动作发生在“said”之前，因此应该用过去完成时。
6. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.
A. no more
B. not more
C. even more
D. much more【答案】B【解析】句意：人口过剩对人类构成了可怕的威胁。然而这可能不仅是对人类的威胁，更是对于环境的破坏。用于比较两件事物时，no more ...than表示对两者都否定，意为“同……一样不”。而not more...than指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如”“不及”。
7. The decline of _____ and good manners may be worrying people more than crime, according to Gentility Recalled, edited by Digby Anderson, which laments the breakdown of traditional codes that once regulated social conduct.
A. politeness
B. civilization
C. civility
D. greeting【答案】C【解析】这句话中，空白处应该与and后的“good manners”意思相近。civility礼貌；礼仪。
8. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.
A. the price of three times
B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times more than the price【答案】B【解析】此题考查倍数的表达方法。①倍数+the size/height/length/width. etc.+ of+其他。②倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+ as +其他。③倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+ than +其他。
9. The government is advising _____ as a means of improving the present economic situation.
A. thrift
B. frugal
C. thrifty
D. thrive【答案】A【解析】句意：政府建议节俭作为改善目前经济状况的一种手段。thrift节俭；节约。frugal节俭的；朴素的。thrifty节约的；茂盛的。thrive繁荣，兴旺。
10. They disliked each other too much to meet, so they conducted all their business through an _____.
A. intermediary
B. interloper
C. interlocutor
D. interpreter【答案】A【解析】句意：他们彼此不愿相见，有事均通过中间人处理。intermediary中间人。interloper闯入者。interlocutor对话者。
Ⅱ. Cloze (1×1, 20 points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (11)______ to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (12)______ they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (13)______ certain signs, called letters, which could be written to represent those sounds, and which could be (14)______. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their (15)______—the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (16)______ with meaning for us by experience; (17)______ the longer we live, the more certain words (18)______ to us the happy and sad events of our past: and the more we (19)______, the more the number of words that mean something to us (20)______.
11. A. sounds
B. gestures
C. signs
D. movements
12. A. such that
B. as that
C. so that
D. in that
13. A. in
B. with
C. of
D. upon
14. A. written down
B. handed down
C. remembered
D. observed
15. A. functions
B. associations
C. roles
D. links
16. A. filled
B. full
C. live
D. active
17. A. but
B. or
C. yet
D. and
18. A. reappear
B. recall
C. remember
D. recollect
19. A. read and think
B. read and recall
C. read and learn
D. read and recite
20. A. raises
B. increases
C. improves
D. emerges【答案与解析】
11.A 根据第一段倒数第二句中“those sounds”可知，该空应该填“sounds”。
12.C 这句话前半句“人类发出声音来表达想法和感受”与后半句“他们可以互相交流”之间是因果关系，因此应该填so that。
13.D 句意：后来，他们在某些符号方面达成了一致意见。agree upon对……取得一致意见。agree in对……表示同意。
14.A 根据前半句中“which could be written to...”及下一句中“written in letters”可知，该空应该填“written down”。
15.B 句意：话语的力量在于他们的关联——他们在我们脑海中所引发的东西。根据破折号后的内容可知该空应该填“associations”。
16.A 此处考查的是固定搭配“be/become filled with”，意思是“被……充满”。
17.D 空白处所在句子与其前一句表达的是类似意思，并没有转折，因此应该填and。
18.B 此题考查的是固定搭配。recall to mind回想起，回忆起。
19.C 句意：我们读的越多，学的越多，对我们有意义的字词的数量就会越多。
20.B 这句话的主语为“the number of words”，应该与increase搭配。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (1×2, 30points)
Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.
A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.
The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.
A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.
The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.
21. Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of a longitudinal research?
A. The subjects may become irritated at repeated testing.
B. The participants in the study may not stay in one place for many years.
C. The behavior of a subject in the study may be measured continuously for many years.
D. Social changes may be reflected in the behaviors of the subjects participating in the study.
22. The word “contingent” in the third paragraph probably means _____.
A. dependent
B. consecutive
C. determined
D. continual
23. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The subjects in a cross-sectional research are not of the same age group.
B. The methods of study in longitudinal research will not change over time.
C. Longitudinal research is reliable only in seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development.
D. Cross-sectional methods are not usually adopted in studying, for example, the changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period.
24. One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that _____.
A. the latter usually focuses on only one subject, while the former involves groups of subjects
B. the former can be free from the influence of social changes
C. the latter can be free from the influence of social changes
D. the former costs less money and takes less time
25. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. Longitudinal studies always produce useful, direct information about development.
B. The study conducted by Nancy Bayley lasted from 1928 to 1958.
C. Subjects of a cross-sectional study are different in age but alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level.
D. Longitudinal and cross-sectional methods are used for different purposes thus can’t be combined in research.【答案与解析】
21.C A选项对应文章第三段中的“boredom or irritation”；D选项对应第三段中的“society changes”；B选项比较隐晦，文章第三段“participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes”研究参与者反应这些变化，可以推测出B。而C是纵向研究的特点但未必就是劣势，故选C。
22.A 这句话说“纵向研究能否完成取决于研究者的耐心与毅力”，可推断其与dependent意思相同。contingent意为“视条件而定的”。
23.A 根据第四段第一句“a cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected”可知A项正确。
24.D 第五段第一句说到“The cross-sectional research…less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming”，因此D项正确。
25.C 根据第三段第一句，A选项的前提是“If properly conducted”，因此错误。由第二段可知，Nancy Bayley的研究从1928年开始，持续了“more than thirty years”，因此B项错误。由倒数第二段前两句可知C项正确。由最后一段最后一句可知D项错误。
Passage two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage,
Apparently everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme. A hot, dry summer has triggered another flood of such claims. And, while many interests are at work, one of the players that benefits the most from this story are the media: the notion of “extreme” climate simply makes for more compelling news.
Consider Paul Krugman writing breathlessly in the New York Times about the “rising incidence of extreme events,” He claims that global warming caused the current drought in America’s Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis.
But the United Nations climate panel’s latest assessment tells us precisely the opposite. For “North America there is medium confidence that there has an overall slight tendency toward less dryness”. Moreover, there is no way that Krugman could have identified this drought as being caused by global warming without a time machine; Climate models estimate that such detection will be possible by 2048, at the earliest.
And, fortunately, this year’s drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis, as global rice and wheat supplies retain plentiful. Moreover, Krugman overlooks inflation: Prices have increased six-fold since 1969. So, while com futures did set a record of about $8 per bushel in late July, the inflation-adjusted price of corn was higher throughout most of the 1970s, reaching 516 in 1974.
Finally, Krugman conveniently forgets that concerns about global warming are the main reason that corn prices have skyrocketed since 2005. Nowadays 40 percent of corn grown in the United States is used to produce ethanol, which does absolutely nothing for the climate, but certainly distorts the price of corn—at the expense of many of the world’s poorest people.
Bill Mickbben similarly worries in The Guardian about the Midwest drought and corn prices. He confidently tells us that raging wildfires from New Mexico and Colorado to Siberia are “exactly” what the early stages of global warming look like.
In fact, the latest overview of global wildfire suggests that fire intensity has declined over the past 70 years and is now close to its preindustrial level.
When well-meaning campaigners want us to pay attention to global warming, they often end up pitching beyond the facts. And, while this may seem justified by a noble goal, such “policy by people” tactics rarely work, and often backfire.
Remember how, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, AI Gore claimed that we were in store for ever more destructive hurricanes? Since then, hurricane incidence has dropped off the charts. Exaggerated claims merely fuel public distrust and disengagement.
That is unfortunate, because global warming is a real problem, and we do need to, address it.
26. In what way do the media benefit from extreme weather?
A. They can attract people’s attention to their reports.
B. They can choose from a greater variety of topics.
C. They can make themselves better known.
D. They can give voice to different views.
27. What is the author’s comment on Kurgan’s claim about the current drought in America’s Midwest?
A. A time machine is needed to testify to its truth.
B. It is based on an erroneous climate model.
C. It will eventually get proof in 2048.
D. There is no way to prove its validity.
28. What is the chief reason for the rise in corn prices according to the author?
A. Demand for food has been rising in the developing countries.
B. A considerable portion of corn is used to produce green fuel.
C. Climate change has caused corn yields to drop markedly.
D. Inflation rates have been skyrocketing since the 1970s.
29. What does the author say about global wildfire incidence over the past 70 years?
A. It has got worse with the rise in extreme weathers.
B. It signals the early stages of global warming.
C. It has dropped greatly.
D. It is related to drought.
30. What does the author think of the exaggerated claims in the media about global warming?
A. They are strategies to raise public awareness.
B. They do a disservice to addressing the problem.
C. They aggravate public distrust about science.
D. They create confusion about climate change.【答案与解析】
26.A 第一段最后一句说到“the notion of ‘extreme’ climate simply makes for more compelling news”，由此可见，极端天气可以给媒体带来更引人注目的报道。
27.D 由第三段“there is no way that Krugman could have identified...”可知，作者认为没有办法证明Krugman的断言的有效性。
28.B 第五段中说到“concerns about global warming”是玉米价格飞涨的主要原因，如今美国40%的玉米用于生产乙醇，后果是“certainly distorts the price of corn”，因此B项正确。
29.C 倒数第四段说到“fire intensity has declined over the past 70 years”，因此C项正确。
30.B 由倒数第三段可知，作者认为这些夸张言论“rarely work, and often backfire”，因此B项正确。
Passage 3
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage
For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed: what can the West’s overly indebted and sluggish nations learn from a flourishing Asia?
Just a few decades ago, Asia’s two giants were stagnating under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, the invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government.
Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically overboard in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government—following Ronald Reagan’s idea that—government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem.
Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to “big government”.
If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, riley would begin to see that America’s problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country’s huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal policies as a result.
Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $580 billion fund to ward off sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time, but it will not solve the bloc’s larger problem.
31. What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India?
A. Free market plus government intervention.
B. Heavy reliance on the hand of government.
C. Copying western-style economic behavior.
D. Timely reform of government at all levels.
32. What does Ronald Reagan mean by saying—government is the problem?
A. Government action is key to solving economic problems.
B. Many social problems arise from government inefficiency.
C. Many social ills are caused by wrong government policies.
D. Government regulation hinders economic development.
33. What stopped the American economy from collapsing in 2007?
A. Cooperation between the government and businesses.
B. Self-regulatory repair mechanisms of the free market.
C. Effective measures adopted by the government.
D. Abandonment of big government by the public.
34. What is the author’s suggestion to the American public in face of the government deficit?
A. They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation.
B. They put up with the inevitable sharp increase of different taxes.
C. They urge the government to revise its existing public policies.
D. They develop green energy to avoid dependence on oil import.
35. What is the problem with the European Union?
A. Conservative ideology.
B. Excessive borrowing.
C. Lack of resources.
D. Shrinking market.【答案与解析】
31.A 由第二段可知，中国与印度经济繁荣的原因是“balanced market economy with sensible government direction”，因此A项正确。
32.D 第三段中提到美国越来越坚持不受控制的自由市场的意识形态，而摒弃了政府的作用。这一特点是追随罗纳德·里根说的这句话，因此他的这句话意在否定政府在市场调节中的作用。
33.C 由第四段可知，“it was decisive government intervention that saved the day”，因此C项正确。
34.A 倒数第二段提出了一些解决财政赤字的措施，后面说到要使这些措施奏效，美国人必须“put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation”，因此A项正确。
35.B 由最后一段可知，欧盟的问题在于“the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow”，因此B项正确。
Ⅳ. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)
中华传统节日顺天时而成俗，形成于农业文明时期。人类在自然条件下进行生产活动，与季节、物候、天文等自然现象和规律关系非常密切。传统年节体系兼顾太阳、月亮与地球、人类的关系，同农耕社会民众劳逸结合的需要相适应，依照自然节律，适应气候周期的规律，形成时间框架：中国年是自然时序更新的一个周期，隆冬休闲之后，一元复始万象更新，燃起新的希望。元宵节是过年的压轴戏，狂欢热闹一番就投入新的劳作。清明时节春意盎然生机勃发，在春播春种之时感谢先人和大自然赐给生命和生机。端午节天气渐热百虫孳生，及时送灾驱疫、健身保平安。【参考译文】
Conforming to natural climate, Chinese traditional festivals became a custom and formed in the period of agricultural civilization. Human is engaged in productive activities in the nature, which has close relationship with season, phenology, astronomy and other natural phenomena and laws. Taking the relationship between the sun, the moon and the earth and the human into account, the traditional festival system is compatible with the needs of people in farming society, and adapts to the laws of climate cycle according to the natural rhythm. The time frame of the traditional festival system is as follows: The Spring Festival is the beginning of a natural update cycle. After the winter, with a new year beginning, everything is fresh again and new hope comes. The Lantern Festival is the finale of the New Year’s play, during which people rejoice with wild excitement and then plunge into a new round of work. During time of Tomb-sweeping Day, spring is in the air. Before the spring sowing, people will show gratitude to their ancestors for giving them life and to nature for giving vitality. Weather is getting hot and insects begin breeding during The Dragon-Boat Festival, people will timely prevent disaster, drive epidemic away and keep fit.【解析】
①本题考查的是段落翻译，在翻译之前要通读这一段，把握其大意和语言特征。
②第一句中“天时”指的是宜于做某事的自然气候条件，因此可译为“natural climate”。
③第三句话中有多个动词，应判断每个短句之间的逻辑关系，将一些短句译为从句或状语。“形成时间框架”可单独成句。
④“中国年”即春节。一元复始指的是新的一年开始。“春意盎然”可译为“spring is in the air”。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]