作者：《新东方英语》编辑部
出版社：《海外文摘》杂志社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
《新东方英语》中学生2016年6月号试读：
★卷首语★
Summer Stars夏夜的星辰
◎By Carl Sandburg译·赏析 / 辛献云
Bend low again, night of summer stars.
So near you are, sky of summer stars,
So near, a long arm man can pick off stars,
Pick off what he wants in the sky bowl,
So near you are, summer stars,
So near, strumming, strumming,
So lazy and hum-strumming.
又一次俯下身，满天星辰的夏夜。
你是那么近，夏日的星空，
那么近，伸长手臂就可摘下星辰，
摘下自己的梦想，从夜空的碗中，
你是那么近，夏夜的星辰，
那么近，琴声叮咚叮咚，
那么慵懒，弹着小曲，叮咚叮咚。
赏析
卡尔·桑德堡(Carl Sandburg, 1878~1967)，美国诗人、作家，是20世纪美国著名的文学大师，获得过三次普利策奖，被誉为“人民的诗人”。卡尔·桑德堡是美国著名的意象派诗人，在诗风上承接了伟大的浪漫主义自由体诗人沃尔特·惠特曼(Walt Whitman)的诗风，并糅合了意象派诗歌的创作手法，将美国的诗歌发展进一步向前推进，对后世作家的创作产生了深远的影响。其代表作有《芝加哥》(Chicago Poems)、《烟与铁》(Smoke and Steel)、《蜜与盐》(Honey and Salt)等。
意象派诗歌强调客观事物对诗人情感的触动，主张文字简单简约，用词精练，本诗就是意象派诗歌的典型代表。诗歌攫取自然界的常见物体“星辰”为意象，以拟人化的手法，描写了夏日夜幕降临后夜晚和星辰带给诗人的触动。诗人将夜空和星辰人格化，直接以“你”呼之，与之对话。诗歌显示了诗人丰富、奇特的想象力，从“俯下身”的夜空，到“伸长手臂就可摘下”的星星，再到盛满星星的“夜空的碗”，无不令人称奇。最后更是将视觉与听觉融为一体，在诗人想象中，那因为近而显得格外璀璨的星辰竟与清越的琴声联系在一起，那慵懒地眨着眼睛的星星，是要在琴声奏出的小曲中沉沉睡去吗？
在韵律上，本诗和其他意象派诗歌一样，突破了传统诗歌对格律的要求，通过排比、重复等方式，以自然的节奏造就了诗句的音乐美。
★特别推荐★
What Is Artificial Intelligence?何为人工智能？◎By Ajay Dasgupta译 / 赵青奇今年3月，谷歌下属公司DeepMind开发的人工智能软件AlphaGo在围棋比赛中大胜世界围棋冠军李世石，在世界范围内引起了轩然大波。AlphaGo的胜利代表了人工智能飞跃式的进步，人们纷纷开始担忧机器人对人类产生威胁的时代即将到来……人工智能究竟是什么东西，居然可能会有超越人类的智慧？先随下文一起来了解一下吧！
If you touch a hot metal object, you will yankyour hand away immediately.When this happens to you the first time, the sequence of events and the result (the burning of your hand) gets stored in your brain.This is what we call an experience.When you see a hot metal object next time, you will not touch it.You will use the knowledge of your previous experience and decide to not repeat it again.
This process of learning, comparing a previous experience, making a decision and acting upon it is the key to human intelligence.We can make more and more complicated decisions by learning from our past experiences.
Ever since machines were invented, scientists have dreamt of making them learn and perform intelligent tasks—like humans.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of science which is intomaking machines think like humans.These machines, or computers, can store large amounts of information and process them accurately and at an amazing speed.What they lack is an ability to learn and make "intelligent decisions".
What do we need to make an intelligent machine? A memory or a space where experiences or information can be stored, and a method of applying these experiences to new ones, comparing experiences to come to logical conclusions, like holding the hot object with a glove on.That would be an intelligent machine.
Take your ironfor example.The electric iron understands that its temperature is beyond what is required and automatically switches itself off.We could say that the electric iron is intelligent as it can react to a particular state (the iron being hot), make a decision based on it and switch itself off.However, since the iron has not learned this through experience, it is not a truly intelligent machine.
Scientists are creating new software programs which try to recreate the process of human learning in a computer, in an attempt to make them "think".These programs try to copy the functioning of the brain.One such program is called a neuralnetwork.
摸到发烫的金属物体，你会立马猛地抽回手来。当你第一次碰到这种情况时，整个事件的经过和结果(手被烫)便会被存入你的大脑，这就是我们所说的“经历”。当你下次看到发烫的金属物时，你就不会伸手去摸它了。你会运用先前的经历所带来的知识，决定不去重蹈覆辙。
这一“认识了解—对比过往经历—做出决策—付诸行动”的过程正是人类智能形成的关键。我们能够从以往的各种经历中汲取教训，做出愈加复杂的决策。
自从机器问世以来，科学家们就一直梦想着能让它们学习并开展智力活动——就像人类一样。
人工智能(简称AI)是一个科学分支，致力于制造可以像人类一样思考的机器。这些机器或计算机可以储存大量的信息，并能够以惊人的速度准确地对这些信息进行加工处理。它们所缺乏的是学习并做出“明智决定”的能力。
那制造一台智能机器都需要什么条件呢？一个可以存放经历或信息的存储器或者空间，以及一种可将这些经历应用到新环境的方法，即比较各种经历以得出合理结论(比如，戴上手套去拿高温物体)。满足这些条件的机器就是智能机器。
以电熨斗为例，电熨斗感知到自身温度超出需求时就会自动断电。我们可以说，电熨斗具有智能，因为它可以针对特定情况(熨斗过热)有所反应，并据此做出决定，自动断电。不过，由于电熨斗并不是通过自身经历学会的这项本领，所以它还算不上是真正的智能机器。
科学家们正在开发一些新的软件程序，试图让它们进行“思考”。这些程序力图在计算机上重建人类的学习过程，试图复制大脑的运转机制，其中一个程序叫做“神经网络”。
A Neural Network神经网络
Our brain is composed ofbillions of densely packed cells called neurons.Each neuron is like a tiny individual switch in a net of billions of such neurons.
Whenever a particular piece of information, like someone's telephone number reaches your brain, it creates a pattern of on and off switches using these neurons.
Let's use an example to understand this phenomenon.We put up garlandsof electric lights to decorate our houses during Diwali.These lights create various patterns and designs, one switch creates a series of circles, another switch a pattern of flowers and so on.
A neural network is like these garlands of lights: A particular input creates a particular pattern.Each nerve cell or neuron in our brain acts like a light bulb.It creates a particular pattern on receiving an input.
When we memorize someone's telephone number, we actually create a pattern in our brain.And when we try to remember the same number, we simply try to recreate that pattern, unlike the lights which need to be switched on or off every time that pattern needs to be created.
A neural network is a copy of the brain's functioning inside a computer, using a software program.It can be taught to recognize patterns.
In fact, when it is trained, it can classify and identify patterns in a large amount of information.It can do all this at very high speeds and sometimes faster than humans.
This throws open innumerable possibilities.Imagine computers, which can look at the past weather and climate data, match them with current conditions and tell us where it is going to rain and how much.
我们的大脑由数亿个密密麻麻的细胞构成，这些细胞称为神经元。数亿个这样的神经元构成了一个神经元网络，每个神经元就像是网络上一个小小的独立开关。
每当一条特定的信息，比如某人的电话号码，进入你的大脑，大脑就会启动神经元，生成一种开关模式。
我们可以打个比方来理解这一现象。过排灯节时，我们都会用一串串彩灯来装点屋子。这些彩灯可以制造出不同的样式和图案，打开一个开关形成一系列圆圈，打开另一个开关变成花朵的图案等等。
神经网络就好比这些彩灯串：一条特定的输入信息会生成一个特定的模式。我们大脑里的每个神经细胞或者说神经元就像一个灯泡，收到一条输入信息就生成一种特定的模式。
我们在记一个人的电话号码时，实际上是在大脑里生成一种模式。当我们试图记起相同号码的时候，我们只需努力再现这种模式即可，不用像灯泡那样每次都要打开或关闭开关才能形成这种模式。
神经网络是在计算机内部对大脑功能的复制版，通过使用一个软件程序来实现。我们可以教它识别各种模式。
事实上，经过训练的神经网络可以从海量的信息里对各种模式进行归类和识别，而且完成这些任务的速度很快，有时甚至快过人类。
这将产生无限可能。试想一下：电脑可以参照以往的天气和气候数据，根据当前的气象条件进行匹配，然后告诉我们哪里会降雨、雨量多少。
Turing's Test 图灵测试
In 1950, famous mathematician Alan Turing devised a method of testing a computer's intelligence.A person is kept inside a closed celland asked to speak to a hidden human being and a computer.
The person, who is also called the interrogator(one who questions), does not have any clue about who is the human being and who the machine.His task is to find out which of the two candidates is the computer, and which is the human by asking them questions.If the interrogator is unable to decide within a certain time, the machine is considered intelligent.
1950年，著名数学家艾伦·图灵设计出一种测试计算机智能的方法。一个人被关进一个封闭的房间，并被要求去跟隐藏的一个人和一台计算机对话。
这个人，又称讯问者(提问的人)，完全不知道对方谁是人，谁是计算机。他的任务是通过对这两者提问，辨出两者哪个是计算机，哪个是人。如果讯问者在一定时间内无法做出判定，那么就可认为那台计算机具有智能。Timeline of Artificial Intelligrence
人工智能发展史◎From livescience.com译 / 两袖清风
都说AlphaGo的成功让人工智能的技术进步了十来年，也许真的有一天，人工智能会超越人类智慧变成威胁。这真是让人既莫名兴奋又十分恐惧。可惜我们有限的生命很可能无法等到那一天的来临，但好在我们还能够回望历史，看看人工智能经历了怎样的发展到达了今天这一步。
Reality
1950
Alan Turing introduces the Turing test in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence".艾伦·图灵发表论文《计算机器与智能》，提出“图灵测试”。
1956
Dartmouth conference launches the field of AI and coinsthe term "artificial intelligence".达特茅斯会议开创人工智能领域，首次使用“人工智能”这一术语。
1974~early 1980s
The first AI Winter, a period of reduced funding and lowered interest in the field as hypeturned to disappointment.人工智能迎来第一个寒冬，随着媒体对该话题的热炒转为失望，人们对该领域的资金投入减少，研究兴趣消退。
1987~1993
The second AI Winter.人工智能的第二个寒冬。
1997
IBM's Deep Blue computer beats reigningworld chess champion Garry Kasparov.IBM公司的深蓝计算机打败当时的国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。
2005
①A Stanford vehicle wins the DARPA grandchallenge, driving autonomouslyacross the desert for 211 kilometers.斯坦福大学研制的一辆汽车完成了美国国防部先进研究项目局的一项重大挑战，成功在沙漠里自动行驶211公里。
DARPA是美国国防部先进研究项目局，全称为Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency，是美国国防部重大科技项目的组织、协调、管理机构，主要负责高新技术的研究、开发和应用。
②Inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil predicts an event he calls the Singularity will occur around 2045, when the intelligence of artificial minds exceeds that of the human brain.发明家、未来学家雷·库日韦尔预言一个重大事件——他称其为奇点——将会在2045年左右发生，届时人工智能的智力将超过人类大脑的智力。
奇点原先是宇宙学中的概念，这里指的是科技发展中的奇点(technological singularity)，具体指人工智能发展到可以不断进行自我提升甚至创造出比自身更智能的机器，从而达到一个峰值，引发“人工智能大爆炸”，并超出所有人类能够控制或理解的范畴。
2011
① IBM's Watson wins Jeopardy!, beating former champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings.IBM公司的沃森计算机打败前冠军布拉德·鲁特和肯·詹宁斯，成为智力问答节目《危险边缘》的冠军。《危险边缘》是哥伦比亚广播公司的一个智力问答游戏节目，参赛者不仅需要具备各方面文化知识，还得会解析隐晦含义、反讽与谜语等，而电脑并不擅长进行这类复杂思考。
② Apple introduces intelligent personal assistant Siri on the iPhone 4S.苹果公司在iPhone 4S手机中安装了智能个人助理Siri。
2012
A Google Brain computer clustertrains itself to recognize a cat from millions of images in YouTube videos.一台“谷歌大脑”集群计算机自行训练从YouTube网站数百万张视频图像里识别一只猫。
谷歌大脑是谷歌X实验室的科学家们通过模拟人脑，将1.6万台电脑的处理器相连接建造出的全球最大中枢网络系统，具备自我学习功能。
2014
Chatbot Eugene Goostman is said to have passed the Turing test in the University of Reading competition, launching controversy.据说聊天机器人尤金·古斯特曼在雷丁大学举办的比赛中成功通过了图灵测试，一时引发争议。
2016
① Google's Artificial Intelligence AlphaGo beats the top Go player Lee Sedol four to one in a five-game series.谷歌公司的人工智能程序AlphaGo以4:1击败世界围棋冠军李世石，赢得本次五番棋对抗。
② Microsoft introduces a Twitter chatbot named Tay, who is programmed to learn through friendly, informal conversations on Twitter.But Twitter users teach her to be racist, so Microsoft is forced to shut down her account hours after launch.微软公司推出推特聊天机器人塔伊。按照程序设定，她可以通过推特上轻松友好的对话进行学习。然而，由于推特用户将其教成了种族主义者，微软不得不在其推出仅数小时后就关闭其账号。
Fiction
1950
Isaac Asimov publishes the influential sci-fi story collection I, Robot, in which he introduces The Three Laws of Robotic.艾萨克·阿西莫夫出版影响深远的科幻小说集《我，机器人》，在其中提出了机器人三定律。
机器人三定律具体内容为：1.机器人不得伤害人，也不得见人受到伤害而袖手旁观；2.机器人应服从人的一切命令，但不得违反第一定律；3.机器人应保护自身的安全，但不得违反第一、第二定律。
1968
2001: A Space Odyssey, the book by Arthur C.Clarke and film by Stanley Kubrick, features the sentientand deadly computer HAL 9000.阿瑟·C·克拉克的小说《2001太空漫游》和斯坦利·库布里克执导的同名电影里出现具有意识、有致命危险的计算机“哈尔9000”。
1978
The original Battlestar Galactica sci-fi TV series introduces warrior robots called Cylons.原版科幻电视连续剧《太空堡垒卡拉狄加》里出现名为“赛昂人”的战斗机器人。
1984
The first Terminator film depicts a near-future world overtakenby killing machines run by the artificial intelligence Skynet.电影《终结者》第一部描绘了这样一个世界：在不远的将来，世界被人工智能“天网”掌控的机器杀手统治。
1987
The TV series Star Trek: The Next Generation introduces the self-aware androidLieutenant Commander Data.电视连续剧《星际迷航：下一代》里出现具有自我意识的人形机器人，即名为“数据”的少校。
2001
Steven Spielberg releases a film about a robot boy: A.I.Artificial Intelligence.史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格推出电影《人工智能》，该片讲述一个机器人男孩的故事。
2013
The movie Her, stars Joaquin Phoenix as a man who falls in love with his artificially intelligent computer operating system, voiced by Scarlett Johansson.在电影《她》里，华金·菲尼克斯饰演的男主角爱上由斯嘉丽·约翰逊配音的人工智能计算机操作系统。
2014
The film Transcendence stars Johnny Depp as an AI researcher whose mind is uploaded to a computer and develops into super-intelligence.在电影《超验骇客》里，约翰尼·德普饰演的人工智能研究员将自己的精神意识上传到一台计算机，成为超级智能人。Artificial Intelligence: Friendly or Frightening?
人工智能：是福还是祸？◎By Tanya Lewis译 / 阿诺
When people think of artificial intelligence (AI)—the study of the design of intelligent systems and machines—talking computers often come to mind.But most AI researchers are focused less on producing clever conversationalists and more on developing intelligent systems that make people's lives easier—from software that can recognize objects and animals, to digital assistants that cater to, and even anticipate, their owners' needs and desires.
But several prominent thinkers, including the famed physicist Stephen Hawking and billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk, warn that the development of AI should be cause for concern.
人工智能(AI)研究的是智能系统和智能机器的设计，当人们想到它时，脑中出现的往往是会说话的计算机。但大多数人工智能研究者更为关注的不是制造聪明、健谈的机器，而是开发可以让人们的生活更加便利的智能系统，从可以识别物品和动物的软件，到能够迎合甚至预见主人需求和愿望的数字助手等等，不一而足。
但是，包括著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金和亿万富翁企业家埃隆·马斯克在内的一些富于思考的知名人士提醒大家，人工智能的发展应该引起我们的担忧。
Thinking Machines 会思考的机器
Since the field of AI was officially founded in the mid-1950s, people have been predicting the rise of conscious machines.Inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil, director of engineering at Google, refers to a point in time known as "the singularity", when machine intelligence exceeds human intelligence.Based on the exponentialgrowth of technology according to Moore's Law (which states that computing processing power doubles approximately every two years), Kurzweil has predicted the singularity will occur by 2045.
But cycles of hypeand disappointment—the so-called "winters of AI"—have characterized the history of artificial intelligence, as grandiosepredictions failed to come to fruition.
Nevertheless, a number of prominent science and technology experts have expressed worry that humanity is not doing enough to prepare for the rise of artificial general intelligence, if and whenit does occur.Recently, Hawking issued a direwarning about the threat of AI.
"The development of full artificial intelligence could spellthe end of the human race," Hawking told the BBC, in response to a question about his new voice recognition system, which uses artificial intelligence to predict intended words.(Hawking has suffered from a neurological disease, and communicates using specialized speech software.)
And Hawking isn't alone.Musk told an audience at MIT that AI is humanity's "biggest existential threat".He also once tweeted, "We need to be super careful with AI.Potentially more dangerous than nukes."
But despite the fears of high-profiletechnology leaders, the rise of conscious machines—known as "strong AI" or "general artificial intelligence"—is likely a long way off, many researchers argue.
"I don't see any reason to think that as machines become more intelligent ...which is not going to happen tomorrow—they would want to destroy us or do harm," said Charlie Ortiz, head of AI at the Burlington, Massachusetts-based software company Nuance Communications."Lots of work needs to be done before computers are anywhere near that level," he said.
自从人们自20世纪50年代中期正式开创了人工智能领域以来，人们就一直预言有意识的机器会兴起。谷歌工程总监、发明家、未来学家雷·库日韦尔提到了一个名为“奇点”的时间点，即机器的智力超越人类智力的时间。在科技的发展遵循摩尔定律(该定律声称计算机的运算处理能力大约每两年增加一倍)而呈几何级数增长的基础上，库日韦尔预测，奇点将会在2045年之前出现。
不过，轮番的热炒和失望(即所谓的“人工智能的寒冬”)成了人工智能发展史的特征，因为一个个过于宏大的预言都未能取得成果。
尽管如此，许多知名的科技专家都表示了担忧，担心人类对通用人工智能的兴起准备不足——倘若它真的出现的话。近日(编注：英文原文发表于2014年12月)，霍金就针对人工智能的威胁发出了严重警告。“完全人工智能的发展可能招致人类的灭亡。”在回答BBC关于自己新换的语音识别系统的提问时，霍金这样表示。该系统利用人工智能来预测他想要说的话。(霍金患有一种神经系统疾病，他使用专门的语音软件和别人交流。)
而持这一观点的不止霍金一人。马斯克在麻省理工学院演讲时向在场观众表示，人工智能是人类“生存的最大威胁”。他还曾发布过一条推文：“我们必须对人工智能格外小心，它可能比核武器更加危险。”
虽然这些备受瞩目的科技界领袖对人工智能心存忧虑，但许多研究者却认为，有意识的机器(即“强人工智能”或“通用人工智能”)的兴起可能还离我们很遥远。“随着机器变得更加智能(这也不是明天就会发生的事情)，它们就会想要毁灭或伤害我们，我认为这种想法毫无道理。”查利·奥尔蒂斯表示，他是总部位于马萨诸塞州伯灵顿的软件公司纽昂斯通讯公司人工智能部门的主管。“在计算机几乎接近这种水平之前，还有许多工作要做。”他说。
Machines with Benefits 益处多多的机器
Artificial intelligence is a broad and active area of research, but it's no longer the sole provinceof academics; increasingly, companies are incorporating AI into their products.
And there's one name that keeps cropping upin the field: Google.From smartphone assistants to driverless cars, the Bay Area-based tech giant is gearing upto be a major player in the future of artificial intelligence.
Google has been a pioneer in the use of machine learning—computer systems that can learn from data, as opposed to blindly following instructions.In particular, the company uses a set of machine-learning algorithms, collectively referred to as "deep learning", that allow a computer to do things such as recognize patterns from massive amounts of data.
Today, deep learning is a part of many products at Google and at Baidu, which is sometimes referred to as "China's Google", including speech recognition, Web search and advertising, Andrew Ng, an artificial intelligence researcher at Stanford University who is now the chief scientist for the Chinese search engine Baidu, commented.
Current computers can already complete many tasks typically performed by humans.But possessing humanlike intelligence remains a long way off."I think we're still very far from the singularity.This isn't a subject that most AI researchers are working toward." Ng said.
Instead, companies like Google focus on making technology more helpful and intuitive.And nowhere is this more evident than in the smartphone market.
人工智能是一个涉及面广、活跃度高的研究领域，但它已不再仅仅是学者们的研究范畴；如今，各大公司都越来越多地将人工智能融入自己的产品之中。
在这一领域，有一个名字被不断提及，那就是谷歌。从智能手机助手到无人驾驶汽车，这家总部位于旧金山湾区的科技巨头正在为成为未来人工智能领域的主力做准备。
谷歌在机器学习领域的应用方面一直都是先驱——机器学习是指那些能够通过数据进行学习而非盲目听从命令的计算机系统。特别是该公司使用了一套总称为“深度学习”的机器学习算法，它们使计算机能够进行诸如从大量数据中识别图案等的操作。
斯坦福大学人工智能研究员、现任中国搜索引擎百度的首席科学家吴恩达表示，目前，谷歌和百度(有时被称为“中国的谷歌”)这两家公司包括语音识别、网络搜索及广告投放在内的许多产品都具有深度学习的功能。
现有的计算机已经可以完成很多通常由人类来完成的工作，但是它们离拥有与人类相似的智力仍有很大的差距。“我认为我们距离奇点还非常遥远。奇点并不是大多数人工智能研究者正在研究的方向。”吴恩达说。
相反，谷歌等公司却致力于让科技变得更有用、更好用。这一点在智能手机市场比在任何领域都要表现得更为明显。
Artificial Intelligence in Your Pocket 口袋里的人工智能
In the 2013 movie Her, actor Joaquin Phoenix'scharacter falls in love with his computer operating system, Samantha, a computer-based personal assistant who becomes sentient.The film is obviously a product of Hollywood, but experts say that the movie gets at least one thing right: Technology will take on increasingly personal roles in people's daily lives, and will learn human habits and predict people's needs.
Anyone with an iPhone is probably familiar with Apple's digital assistant Siri, first introduced as a feature on the iPhone 4S in October 2011.Siri can answer simple questions, conduct Web searches and perform other basic functions.Microsoft's equivalent is Cortana, a digital assistant available on Windows phones.And Google has the Google app Google Now, available for Android phones or iPhones, which bills itself asproviding "the information you want, when you need it".
For example, Google Now can show traffic information during your daily commute, or give you shopping list reminders while you're at the store.You can ask the app questions, such as "Should I wear a sweater tomorrow?" and it will give you the weather forecast.And, perhaps a bit creepily, you can ask it to "show me all my photos of dogs" (or cats, sunsets or even a person's name), and the app will find photos that fit that description, even if you haven't labeled them as such.
While a phone that can learn your commute, answer your questions or recognize what a dog looks like may seem sophisticated, it still palesin comparison with a human being.In some areas, AI is no more advanced than a toddler.Yet, when asked, many AI researchers admit that the day when machines rival human intelligence will ultimately come.The question is, are people ready for it?
在2013年上映的电影《她》中，华金·菲尼克斯饰演的角色爱上了自己的计算机操作系统萨曼莎，一个通过计算机提供服务、变得具有感知力的私人助理。虽然这部影片带有明显的好莱坞烙印，但专家们表示，它至少说对了一件事：科技将在人们的日常生活中扮演越来越个性化的角色，将学习人类的习惯并预测人们的需求。
任何一个拥有iPhone手机的人大概都对苹果公司的数字助手Siri非常熟悉，Siri是在2011年10月作为iPhone 4S手机的一大特色首次推出的。Siri可以回答简单的问题，进行网络搜索并执行其他一些基本操作。微软的Windows手机上也有类似的产品，即数字助手“微软小娜”。谷歌则推出了安卓手机和iPhone手机都可使用的谷歌手机软件Google Now，它号称提供“你想要的信息，当你需要它时”。
譬如，Google Now可以在你每天上下班的路上为你显示交通状况，或是当你在商店时提醒你购物清单的内容。你可以问这款手机软件问题，比如“明天我需不需要穿毛衣？”，它就会给你提供天气预报。此外，或许有点让人感到毛骨悚然的是，当你要求它“给我看看我所有的狗狗照片”(或是猫咪、日落，甚至是某个人的照片)时，这款手机软件就会找出符合描述要求的那些照片，即使你并没有在这些照片上标注这样的标签。
虽然一部能够了解到你的上下班路线、回答你的问题或是识别出狗狗模样的手机可能看起来非常先进，但是它跟人类相比还是相形见绌。在某些方面，人工智能并不比一个学步的孩子聪明多少。可是，许多人工智能的研究者在被问到时都这样承认，终有一天，人工智能将可以与人类智力相匹敌。问题是，我们做好准备了吗？Demis Hassabis: the Man Behind AlphaGo
戴密斯·哈萨比斯：AlphaGo背后的超强大脑◎ By Tom Rowley译 / 张京晋
战胜世界冠军的AlphaGo自然是非比寻常的，但AlphaGo背后的那个人更加非比寻常。随着AlphaGo名声大噪，其背后的超强大脑、DeepMind公司的创始人之一戴密斯·哈萨比斯的履历开始被人们津津乐道。国际象棋冠军、少年天才、电子游戏冠军、学者、创业家……种种炫目头衔的背后其实是一个聪慧、坚定、努力而又乐于挑战的人。
Tony Corfe still remembers the time he first saw Demis Hassabis play chess.He was in charge of the primary schools team in Barnet, north London, and looking for new recruitswhen one week a thin six-year-old boy turned up.
"He was brilliant," Corfe says."He was determined, and he definitely wanted to win.Of all the schools that I had contact with, he was the best player.He was top of the infants."
The boy quickly developed into a chess prodigy, winning dozens of tournamentsbefore representing England in competitions.By the age of 13, he had reached the standard of chess master.
Now, 39-year-old Hassabis is the founder and chief executive of DeepMind.In his friends' eyes, he is shy but determined."He is not a showman, and he keeps his head down," says Prof Geraint Rees, director of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London (UCL), where Hassabis studied for a PhD."Nerdy is the wrong word, but he is definitely of a technical talent.His determination and drive are quite striking."
A glance at his CVwill prove that.He left school at 16, having taken his A-levels.He spent his gap yeargaining experience in computer games programming, which was to become his first career, by co-writing Theme Park, one of the most successful games of the Nineties.
After graduating with a double firstin computer science from Cambridge, he set up his own games business, Elixir Studios, which was responsible for such hitsas Evil Genius and Republic, the latter being nominated for a BAFTA award.
"He is extraordinary," says Joe McDonagh, who co-founded Elixir with Hassabis."He was only 21 when we set it up [McDonagh was 25], but he had an incredibly old head on such young shoulders." Although he credits Hassabis's intelligence, McDonagh says his more important ability was to inspire a team."He truly believes the thing you are working on will change the world and will be remembered for ever.That is incredibly inspiring.Most of us are held back by fear, but Demis takes the attitude that everything is possible."
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