GRE写作题库深度完全分析 (东方大愚英语学习丛书)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：徐亮

出版社：群言出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

GRE写作题库深度完全分析 (东方大愚英语学习丛书)试读：

前言

后来多次有想放弃的冲动，因为我的目标不是针对一个题目列出几个分析点就完成任务了，而是力图按照我的方法论更深入地找到题目的突破口，有时候一道题目想出的分析点就有20多个，而实际上选用其中的两到三个分析点就能写出一篇文章。每当想要放弃的时候，我就会想想自己的目标，我想提高中国学生整体的GRE写作成绩，更希望能够提高中国考生的分析能力和独立思考的水平。想到这个梦想，我觉得一切困难都是可以克服的。

这本书分为Analyze an Issue和Analyze an Argument两个部分讨论题库中的题目，每个部分的开始都对方法论进行了总体介绍和举例说明。因为我认为，仅仅告诉考生怎么去思考某一道题是远远不够的，要教会他们掌握原理和方法，所谓“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”。我希望大家在阅读本书之后，不再像以前那样对于复杂的问题用过于简单的思路去分析，而是用一种方法论系统地、全面地、深入地进行思考，这样的习惯于研究生院学习有帮助，于我们的人生也是意义非凡。

另外我想说的是，GRE写作是我人生中遇到的诸多事物中最为美好的之一，我把这本书献给所有为梦想而辛苦付出的朋友们，希望大家每当看到这本书的时候，每当看到在书中划下的痕迹的时候，就会想起那些激情澎湃的时光，想起那段青春飞扬的岁月。

在这本书编著的过程中，我受到了许多同学观点的启发，许多新东方的同仁对于不同题目的见解和观点也让我受益良多。但是考虑到GRE的写作题目过于复杂和抽象，我的认识和理解也可能没有达到书名中所说的“深度”和“完全”，如果读者对于某些题目有更深刻、更有创意的见解和想法，欢迎和我联系。当然，书中难免存在疏漏和不足，也希望广大读者能批评指正。徐亮第一章新GRE写作题型简介

美国教育考试服务中心(ETS)于2011年8月开始实施新GRE考试，新GRE考试更为科学，更能体现考生的能力，并且更加注重考查考生是否具备在北美研究生院获得成功所拥有的基础。改革过的GRE考试变化的核心在于更加注重对学生推理能力的考查。对所有考生而言，其意义在于把考生从大量死记硬背单词、背诵写作万能模板以及记忆大量素材的痛苦中解放出来，从而让考生把更多的时间和精力放在训练分析和推理的能力上。而这种能力是考生在未来的北美研究生院做研究最重要的能力，包括未来写文献综述、写学术论文、写建议书、读书计划、写报告等。GRE分析性写作本质上是缩略版的学术英语写作，它测试的是考生是否具备在未来的研究生院顺利写出论文的能力。所以，我们应该把GRE分析性写作考试作为一个提升自己写作能力的契机，提高自己分析性和批判性思考的能力，这些对于未来的学习和研究都大有帮助。在中国，很多人曾经错误地认为，GRE考试重点考查学生有多大的词汇量，坚持这种观点的考生在新的GRE考试中很难获得理想的分数，毕竟这些不是北美研究生入学考试的重心和方向。

GRE分析性写作有两个任务，也就是Analyze an Issue任务和Analyze an Argument任务。这两个部分在整个GRE考试中最先出现，两个部分的考试时间均为30分钟，中间有1分钟休息时间。在中国大陆地区，GRE考试是基于计算机的，写作部分也有基本的文字处理软件，可以做简单的文字处理，比如复制、粘贴、撤销、剪切、插入这五个功能，但是没有自动更正功能，包括大小写改正等，也没有词汇和语法错误提示功能等，这套文字处理软件不同于Word和Pages，更类似于Windows系统中的Pad(记事本)功能。这对考生的启发在于，新GRE考试需要考生在平时进行电脑上的写作训练，包括练习打字速度，另外还需要在机考界面或者记事本这样的软件中进行训练。

分析性写作考试的第一部分为Analyze an Issue任务。这个部分的题干包括两个部分：第一部分为一个Issue，即一句关于某一个问题的有争议的观点、评论或建议；第二部分为一个具体性指令。考试的时候，考生看到的是下面的题目形式：®The Graduate Record ExaminationsSECTION 1Analytical WritingANALYZE AN ISSUE30 minutesYou will be given a brief quotation that states or implies an issue of general interest and specific instructions on how to respond to that issue. You will then have 30 minutes to plan and compose a response according to the specific instructions. A response to any other issue will receive a score of zero.Make sure that you respond according to the specific instructions and support your position on the issue with reasons and examples drawn from such areas as your reading, experience, observations, and/or academic studies.Trained GRE readers will read your response and evaluate its overall quality, based on how well you:• Respond to the specific instructions• Consider the complexities of the issue• Organize, develop, and express your ideas• Support your ideas with relevant reasons and/or examples• Control the elements of standard written EnglishBefore you begin writing, you may want to think for a few minutes about the issue and instructions and then plan your response. Be sure to develop your position fully and organize it coherently, but leave time to reread what you have written and make any revisions you think are necessary.Issue TopicThe best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

分析性写作考试的第二部分为Analyze an Argument任务。下面是机考的时候考生会看到的题目形式：®The Graduate Record ExaminationsSECTION 2Analytical WritingANALYZE AN ARGUMENT30 minutesYou will be given a short passage that presents an argument and specific instructions on how to respond to that passage. You will have 30 minutes to plan and compose a response in which you evaluate the passage according to the specific instructions. A response to any other argument will receive a score of zero.Note that you are NOT being asked to present your own views on the subject. Make sure that you respond according to the specific instructions and support your evaluation with relevant reasons and/or examples.Trained GRE readers will read your response and evaluate its overall quality, based on how well you:• Respond to the specific instructions• Identify and analyze important features of the passage• Organize, develop, and express your evaluation• Support your evaluation with relevant reasons and/or examples• Control the elements of standard written EnglishBefore you begin writing, you may want to think a few minutes about the passage and the instructions and then plan your response. Be sure to develop your evaluation fully and organize it coherently, but leave time to read what you have written and make any revisions that you think are necessary.Argument TopicThe following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist."Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research of mine proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is invalid and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid as well. The interview-centered method that my team of graduate students is currently using in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.第二章Analyze an Issue 题库题目翻译

对于ETS公布的题目的梳理和分类，本书将在第四章深入探讨。本章将给出所有的题目，力求保留ETS公布的信息的原貌。为了让考生更好地了解GRE中的Issue写作，这里还给出了所有题目的中文翻译。但必须注意的是，中英文对等性的差异会导致中文翻译与英文原文之间的细微差别，所以考生只能将翻译作为一个参考。此外，我们会把相似或者相同的试题进行归并，以减少考生的备考时间，提高效率。1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.随着人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考的能力必然会退化。2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.要想了解一个社会最重要的特征，人们必须研究这个社会主要的城市。3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事他们不太可能成功的研究领域。4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.丑闻是有裨益的，因为它们以一种任何演说家和改革家都无法做到的方式让人们注意到一些问题。5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.结论：政府必须要保证其主要城市获得它们所需的财政支持，以使它们繁荣发展。原因：一个国家的文化传统主要在城市中得以保存和传承。6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.国家应该要求所有的学生上大学之前学习统一的国家标准课程。7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.有些人认为政府对艺术的资助对于保证艺术繁荣发展，并让所有人享受到艺术是有必要的。也有人认为政府对艺术的资助会威胁到艺术的完整性。8 Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.结论：在任何领域，如商业、政治、教育、政府，掌权者都应该在五年任期后让位。原因：对任何企业来讲，最可靠的成功途径是通过新的领导层带来革新。9 In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.任何领域的努力，如果没有首先受到该领域中过去成就的强烈影响，就不可能作出重大贡献。10 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.国家应该立法保护任何现存野生地带的原始状态，即使开发这些地区可以获得经济回报。11 People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.人们的行为大多是被不受自己控制的力量所决定的。12 Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.对任何被大学录取但无法承担学费的学生，政府应该为他们提供免费的大学教育。13 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的多种学科。14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.国家应该要求所有的学生上大学之前学习统一的国家课程。15 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些将来能获得高收入工作的研究领域。16 Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.有些人认为，为了保证效力，政治领袖必须要屈从于民意，为妥协而放弃原则。也有人认为，杰出的领袖一定要具备始终坚持特定原则和目标的能力。17 Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.正规教育往往会遏制我们的思维和精神，而不是解放它们。18 The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.当很多人都质疑权威时，社会的健康安乐程度才会提高。19 Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.政府应该专注于解决当务之急，而不是试图解决未来预期的问题。20 Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.有些人认为大学生应该仅仅根据自己的才能和兴趣选择研究领域。也有人认为大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。21 Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.法律应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而拥有足够的灵活性。22 Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.结论：了解一个社会特点的最好方法是考察这个社会标榜的英雄人物和模范榜样的特点。原因：英雄人物和模范榜样揭示了一个社会的最高理想。23 Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.政府应该尽量不去限制科学研究和发展。24 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。25 Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.政府应该为所有的学生提供免费的大学教育。26 The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.现代生活的奢华和便利，让人们无法成为真正强大、独立的个体。27 In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.在任何研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能作出重要的贡献。28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.一个伟大国家最可靠的标志不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上，而是体现在人民普遍的幸福安乐上。29 The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.无论是教育工作者、雇主还是父母，最好的教育方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。30 Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.教师的薪水应该基于学生的学业成绩。31 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.只有当物种的灭绝是由人类活动导致的时候，社会才应该努力拯救这些濒危物种。

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