轨道交通专业英语(第二版)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


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作者:应婷婷,伍帅英

出版社:中国铁道出版社有限公司

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轨道交通专业英语(第二版)

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版权信息书名:轨道交通专业英语(第二版)作者: 应婷婷,伍帅英排版:中国铁道出版社出版社:中国铁道出版社出版时间:2015.08ISBN:978-7-113-19509-0本书由中国铁道出版社授权北京当当科文电子商务有限公司制作与发行。— · 版权所有 侵权必究 · —内容简介

本书是一本实用的轨道交通专业英语教材,内容新颖、丰富,涉及高速铁路、城际铁路、地铁、轻轨、铁路轨道、铁路道岔、铁路信号、铁路机车车辆、电气化铁路、铁路客运、铁路货运、铁路通信技术共十二个主题单元等方面的知识,突出了轨道交通发展的趋势。每个单元都包括知识背景介绍、对话、阅读、生词、注释、练习和阅读材料等内容。本书最后还附有相关词汇表,供读者参考。

本书可作为高职、中专院校轨道交通相关专业的英语教材和轨道交通部门英语培训教材,也可供轨道交通技术人员、管理人员参考。第二版前言

随着区域经济一体化和城市化进程的快速发展,轨道交通是城市群发展对交通的必然要求。

本次修订本着“实用、管用、够用”的原则,保持《轨道交通专业英语》教材的“原版特色、组织结构和内容体系”不变。本版教材与第一版相比,部分内容的时效性方面有所更新和充实。修订的主要内容有:

第一,对第一版中有关排版、编辑、内容等方面存在的纰漏和差错进行订正。通过修订,力求做到概念准确、表述正确、数字精确。

第二,对有关章节的背景资料与思考问题进行更新。通过更新,力求达到资料翻新。

第三,对有关章节的教材内容进行调整、充实、更改甚至重写。通过修改,力求实用。

第四,对教材英文部分进行中文翻译,力求做到教学便易、自学容易、分享简易。

本教材由湖南高速铁路职业技术学院应婷婷、伍帅英任主编,刘慧任副主编,由湖南高速铁路职业技术学院戴力斌教授主审,具体分工如下:第一、二单元由应婷婷编写,第三单元由肖潇编写,第四、五单元和附录由伍帅英编写,第六单元由肖映眉编写,第七、十二单元由刘伶俐编写,第八单元由王薇编写,第九单元由冯琳佩编写,第十单元由刘慧编写,第十一单元由石璞璞编写。

本教材在编写过程中得到了湖南高速铁路职业技术学院铁道运输系应夏晖、陈锦生,铁道工程系李建平,铁道机电系上官剑,广州铁路职业技术学院轨道交通学院何学科等专业教师在相关专业领域的指导。旅美八年并具有援外工程建设经验的卢豫老师和上海铁路局新长工务段杜冬生在本教材编写过程中也提供了很好的建议。在此表示衷心感谢。

在本书的修订过程中,参阅了多位专家、学者的著作或译著,也参考了同行的相关教材和网络案例资料,在此对他们表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢!但由于作者的水平有限,加上时间仓促,书中错漏和不妥之处在所难免,恳请专家、同行和读者批评指正。编者2015年7月第一版前言

本书根据教育部高等教育司的《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》“实用为主,够用为度”的基本原则,以铁路职业院校学生的英语基础为立足点,以学生为中心点,以能力为本位,以轨道交通行业各领域的常识概念为基础,并将一些新技术、新知识融入其中,强调轨道交通专业英语的实用性,着重培养专业口语、阅读、翻译的能力,并在教材编写体系中体现“以行动为导向、以任务为驱动、工学结合”的教学理念。

本书是为了适应高职院校轨道交通专业英语教学需要而编写,岗位能力需要是编写教材的出发点。本教材所选内容涵盖了高速铁路、城际铁路、地铁、轻轨、铁路轨道、铁路道岔、铁路信号、铁路机车车辆、电气化铁路、铁路客运、铁路货运、铁路通信技术共十二个主题单元,内容注重针对性和实用性,难易适中,尽量避开专业理论知识,降低相关专业知识的难度,侧重于交流沟通,能够满足实际工作岗位的需要。每个单元都有与该单元主题相关的口语、阅读、翻译等练习。前四个单元是轨道交通类专业通用知识,后八个单元可依自身专业特色进行选取。在每单元后均设计了形式多样,与课文联系紧密的练习,编排与轨道交通专业有关的对话,使学生通过对话练习能把所涉及的铁路通用知识用英语进行表述,提高英语交际能力,从而达到既学习了轨道交通专业知识又提高了英语运用能力的目的。本书编写结合轨道交通专业的实际,便于组合教学,通过对话练习和主题讨论等任务活动,为未来的语言实践打好基础,真正体现工学结合的教学特色和职业特点。

本教材由伍帅英、应婷婷任主编,刘慧任副主编,全书由湖南高速铁路职业技术学院戴力斌教授主审,具体分工如下:第一、二单元由应婷婷编写,第三单元由肖潇编写,第四、五单元和附录由伍帅英编写,第六单元由肖映眉编写,第七、十二单元由刘伶俐编写,第八单元由王薇编写,第九单元由冯琳佩和伍帅英共同编写,第十单元由刘慧编写,第十一单元由石璞璞编写。

本教材在编写过程中得到了湖南高速铁路职业技术学院铁道运输系应夏晖、陈锦生,铁道工程系秦立朝,铁道电信系刘湘国、刘阳、陈燕、庞高荣,铁道机电系伍春发、陈惠,广州铁路职业技术学院轨道交通学院何学科等专业教师以及上海铁路局新长工务段杜冬生的专业指导,在此表示衷心感谢。

由于水平有限,本书中疏漏和不妥在所难免,诚望广大读者、同行赐教。编者2013年11月Unit 1High-speed Rail 高速铁路Warm-up

高速铁路简称“高铁”,根据UIC(国际铁路联盟)的建议,是指通过改造原有线路使其设计速度达到200km/h,或新建线路的设计速度达到250km/h以上。其主要技术优势表现在:①速度快、旅行时间短;②行车密度高、运量大;③高速列车乘坐舒适性好;④土地占用面积小;⑤能耗低;⑥环境污染小;⑦外部运输成本低;⑧列车运行准点;⑨安全可靠;⑩不受气候影响,全天候运行;社会经济效益好。

高速铁路的特点和建设管理模式,各国因国情不同而异,大致有四种类型:①新建高速铁路双线,专门用于旅客快速运输,如日本新干线和法国高速铁路均为客运专线,白天行车,夜间维修;②新建高速铁路双线,实行客货共线运行,如意大利罗马—佛罗伦萨高速铁路,客运速度250km/h,货运速度120km/h;③部分新建高速线与部分既有线混合运行,如德国柏林—汉诺威线,承担着客运和货运任务;④既有线上运行摆式列车在欧洲国家常见,美国“东北走廊”摆式列车速度为240km/h。1964年10月1日,最高时速达210km的日本东海道新干线的开通,标志着真正意义的高速铁路诞生。

中国高速铁路,常被简称为“中国高铁”。2002年建成运营的秦沈客运专线全线设计时速达到200~250km,是中国高速铁路的前期实验路段,而现在秦沈客运专线已合并成京哈线的区间段。2009年12月26日武汉到广州高速铁路正式开通运营,从广州南站发车至武汉站用时不到3h。2012年9月28日,京广高铁郑武段开通。2012年12月26日,世界上运营里程最长的高速铁路——京广高铁正式全线贯通运营,它北起首都北京,南到广州,全程2298km。2013年12月2日,广深港高铁香港段826项目开工,标志着该项目施工进入香港境内。京沪高铁(Figure 1.1)2008年4月18日正式开工,2011年6月30日通车,线路由北京南站至上海虹桥站,全长1318km,北京到上海最快只需4h 48min。Figure 1.1 Beijing-shanghai High-speed Railway RouteDialogue

A:Excuse me,can you help me?

B:Certainly.

A:Can you tell me how to get to Changsha?

B:You can get there by regular train or high-speed rail.

A:What is high-speed rail?

B:High-speed rail is faster than the regular rail.The average speed is about 300km/h.

A:How much time would I save if I take the high-speed rail?

B:About 2 hours.It only takes 37 minutes from Hengyang to Changsha.

A:Wonderful!How much is the fare?

B:Eighty Yuan.And you can buy the ticket from the TVM.It’s very convenient.

A:How often does the high-speed train run?

B:About every half an hour.

A:Oh,good.By the way,the speed is so fast,will I feel uncomfortable?

B:Don’t worry.You will feel comfortable because the train runs very smoothly.

A:That’s great.I’ll take the high-speed train.Thank you very much.

B:You’re welcome.ReadingIntroduction

China has led the world in high-speed railway construction.China had owned a railway network of 110,000 kilometers by the end of 2012,13,000 kilometers of which was high-speed rail,and 36 passenger dedicated lines were put into service according to the former MOR(Ministry of Railways).

China high-speed railway set the first world speed record on June 324,2008.Then,the Beijing-Tianjin CRH high-speed train hit a top speed of 394.3 kilometers per hour.

After that,more fast-train lines were put into service,such as the Wuhan-Guangzhou line linking central and southern China,the Zhengzhou-Xi’an line connecting central and western China,and the Shanghai-Nanjing line in the country’s east.

Looking at Figure 1.2.It was taken on Tuesday,Sep.28,2010.It shows a high-speed train running on the Shanghai-Hangzhou railway in Jiashan County of East China’s Zhejiang province.During its trial service on Tuesday,a high-speed train in eastern China set a new speed record,highlighting China’s leading position in the fast-train industry.Figure 1.2 High-speed Train Running on the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway

The opening of the Shanghai-Hangzhou line relieves transportation pressures in the Yangtze River Delta,one of China’s most dynamic economic areas.

On its run between the metropolises of Shanghai and Hangzhou,capital city of East China’s Zhejiang Province,the China-made CRH 380A train hit a maximum speed of 416.6 kilometers per hour,which is a world train speed record.

There is the 202-kilometer-long railway line between Shanghai and Hangzhou.The train is designed to run at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour.Every year,there are 80 million passengers who are expected to travel on this busy route.Previously the one-way journey used to take two hours,but the new train shortens that to less than 40 minutes.This railway line was also significant for regional economic,cultural and social development in the Yangtze River Delta.

Because the high-speed railway is important to the development of economy,China aims to expand its high-speed rail network.

The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway,shorts for Jinghu High-speed Railway,has been under construction from April,2008.It was put into commercial service on June 30,2011.This rail line has a total length of 1,318km and serves over 50 pairs of bullet trains shuttling between the two cities every day.

The High-speed Electric Multiple Units(EMU)Trains,namely the G-trains,travel between Beijing South Railway Station and Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station,going across Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Hebei,Shandong,Anhui and Jiangsu.There are 24 stops along this journey among which 5stops are starting stations,including Beijing South Railway Station,Tianjin West Railway Station,Jinan West Railway Station,Nanjing South Railway Station and Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station.

The G-train was first designed for a commercial running speed of 380km/h and it was expected to finish the whole non-stop journey between Beijing and Shanghai in 3 hours 58 minutes.However,its trial run speed was slowed down to 300km/h and it would take about at least 4 hours 48 minutes to finish the whole journey.

China’s rapid development of high-speed railway technology at a reasonable cost is also drawing the world’s attention.New Words and Expressions

1.boast [bəust] vt.自夸,自吹自擂;有,拥有(值得骄傲的成就或财产)

       n.夸口,自负

2.comprehensive[kɔmprihensiv] adj.广泛的;综合的;有理解力的,悟性好的

3.hit [hit] vt.& vi.打,打击;碰撞;使受严重影响;达到(某一高点或低点)

4.highlight [hailait] n.最重要的事情;最精彩的部分

        vt.强调,突出;把……照亮

5.relieve[rili∶v] vt.解除;缓解;换班

6.delta [deltə] n.(河流的)三角洲

7.dynamic [dainæmik] adj.动态的;动力的,充满活力的

          n.动态;动力,活力

8.metropolis [mitrɔpəlis] n.大都市,大都会;首府,首都;大城市

9.maximum[mæksiməm] adj.最大值的,最大量的;n.最大的量、体积、强度等

10.expand [ikspænd] vt.使……变大;扩张;详述

         vi.扩展;发展;张开;展开

11.previously [pri∶vjəsli] adv.事先;以前;仓促

12.shorten [ʃɔ∶tn] vt.& vi.缩短,变短

13.regional [ri∶dʒənəl] adj.地区的,区域的;特定区域的,特定地区的;方言的;区域性

14.bullet[bulit] n.子弹,弹药;弹丸

15.shuttle[ʃʌtl] n.(织机的)梭子;航天飞机

       vt.&vi.穿梭般来回移动

16.commercial[kəməʃəl] adj.商业的;贸易的;营利的

          n.(电台或电视播放的)广告

17.in service 在使用中;运行中

18.put into service 投入使用

19.draw one’s attention 吸引……的注意Notes

1.MOR:Ministry of Railways 的缩写形式,译为“铁道部”。China Railway Corporation译为“中国铁路总公司”。

2.Passenger Dedicated Lines:客运专线,缩写成PDL。客运专线是以客运为主的快速铁路。目前,我国铁路等级除Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级外又增加了“客运专线”等级,时速200~350km的铁路统称为客运专线,曲线半径一般在2200m以上。

3.Electric Multiple Units(EMU):电力动车组;Multiple Units(MU):动车组;Multiple Unit Train(MUT)动车组列车;High-speed Electrical Multiple Unit(High-speed EMU):高速动车组;Diesel Multiple Units(DMU):内燃动车组。把动力装置分散安装在每节车厢上,使其既具有牵引力,又可以载客,这样的客车车辆叫做动车。而动车组就是几节自带动力的车辆加几节不带动力的车辆编成一组。带动力的车辆叫动车,不带动力的车辆叫拖车。动车组技术源于地铁,是一种动力分散技术。一般情况下,普通列车是依靠机车牵引的,车厢本身并不具有动力,是一种动力集中技术。而采用了“动车组”的列车,车厢本身也具有动力,运行的时候,不光是机车带动,车厢也会“自己跑”,这样把动力分散,更能达到高速的效果。ExercisesⅠ.Answer the following questions.

1.By the end of 2012,how long had the high-speed rail been in China?And how many lines of passenger dedicated lines were put into service?

2.When did China High-speed railway set its first world speed 3record?What speed did the Beijing-Tianjin CRH high-speed train hit per hour?

3.Which High-speed railway line relieves transportation pressures in the Yangtze River Delta?

4.How long did it take to travel between Shanghai and Hangzhou previously?And how long does it take now?

5.How long does it take to finish the whole journey between Beijing and Shanghai by the High-speed Electric Multiple Units Train?Ⅱ.Translate the following terms into Chinese or English.

1.MOR 2.set a new speed record 3.客运专线 4.Electric Multiple Units(EMU)

5.子弹头列车 6.投入运营 7.天津西站 8.High-speed Rail network

9.starting stations 10.单程旅行 11.缓解交通压力 12.试运行Ⅲ.Fill in the blank.

1.China had owned a railway network of by the end of 2012,13,000 kilometers of which was high-speed rail.380A

2.The China-made CRH train hit a maximum speed of per hour,which is a world train speed record.

3.The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway,short for,has been under construction from.

4.The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway was put into commercial service on.This rail line has a total length of.

5.The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway goes across Beijing,Shanghai,Shandong,and.There are stops along this journey among which are starting stations.Ⅳ.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

In order to prepare for the opening of the Harbin-Dalian-High-Speed Railway in Shenyang,capital of Liaoning Province of northeast China,the Shenyang Railway Bureau had launched etiquette training programmers for bullet train attendants(Figure 1.3)who began working on this railway on Nov.26,2012.The Harbin-Dalian High-Speed Railway,the first rail line in the freezing high-latitude regions of China,was scheduled to open on Dec.1,2012.The whole rail line is 921 kilometers long.Figure 1.3 Bullet Train Attendants Receive Trainings in Shenyang of ChinaReading MaterialBeijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway

Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway(Figure 1.4),or called Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed line(Jingguangshengang High-speed railway from its Chinese name),is a high-speed railway of CRH service.Now it connects Beijingxi Station in Beijing and Shenzhenbei Station in Shenzhen.Futian Station in Shenzhen opened at the end of 2014.When finished,it will only take about 15 minutes from Futian to Hong Kong.Figure 1.4 Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway

The construction started in 2005.The Wuhan-Guangzhou section opened in December 2009,the Guangzhou-Shenzhen section opened in December 2011,the Zhengzhou-Wuhan section opened in September 2012,and the Beijing-Zhengzhou section was opened in December 2012.The 36-kilometre cross-border Shenzhen-Hong Kong section is expected to open in 2017.The line is 2,240 kilometres long,is the world’s longest high-speed rail route.The high speed rail line cuts travel time by more than half.

Guangzhounan Station and Wuhan Station are designed as hubs for several high-speed railway(HSR)lines.Frequent service to Zhuhai is available at Guangzhounan Station,while a connection to Yichang can be made at Wuhan.

Although the Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway largely parallels the older conventional Beijing-Guangzhou line,most of the HSR stations are located away from the local conventional train stations.Therefore,direct transfer to conventional(not high-speed)trains is possible only at a few stations along the route.Among them are Beijingxi(which is one of the nation’s main passenger railway hubs),Shijiazhuang,Wuhan(which has a few conventional trains,although fewer than the city’s two other stations,at Hankou and Wuchang),and Guangzhoubei.

The designed speed is 350km/h,the highest speed is 380km/h,and the operating average speed is 310km/h.After the opening of the Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway,it is very convenient from Guangzhou to Beijing.It takes only 8 hours.It costs about 20 hours while taking the conventional trains.

The Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway covers one city and five provinces,including Beijing City,Hebei Province,Henan Province,Hubei Province,Hunan Province and Guangdong Province.There are 36 stations altogether.The opening of the Beijing—Guangzhou High-speed Railway promotes the development of these areas.Unit 2Inter-city Rail 城际铁路Warm-up

城际铁路(Figure 2.1)是在人口稠密的都市圈内部城市间的客运铁路线,如长三角城市间、珠三角城市间、京津城市圈、中原城市群、长株潭城市群等。城际铁路有些建设标准比较高,如京津、沪宁、沪杭等;未来时速160~200km的城际铁路将成为主流,也有不少城际铁路时速超过200km。城际铁路可以是高速,也可以是普速。特指高速的城际铁路(如广珠城际、沪杭城际)既是城际,也是高铁。Figure 2.1 The Overview of the Inter-city Rail

城际铁路和城际轨道交通都是列车往返于城际之间、不停地开出、不会挂太多的车厢、选择动车组列车,票价都高于现有普通列车的票价。两者的不同在于:城际轨道交通指在一个经济相对发达的地区,为满足区域内城市间的大客流量而修建、运行的客运轨道交通系统,其覆盖范围比城际铁路的覆盖范围小;城际轨道交通的时速较城际铁路时速小;城际轨道交通由省政府投资,建成后由地方政府委托管理,而城际铁路由中国铁路总公司和省政府共同投资,建成后纳入全国铁路大网络。Dialogue

A:Good morning,can I help you?

B:Yes.I have an important meeting this morning in Tianjin.But I am still in Beijing now.How can I hurry to Tianjin in such a short time?

A:Don’t worry.You can take the Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway.

B:The Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway?

A:Yes.It opened on August 1,2008.The top speed is 300km/h,and the whole journey takes only 30 minutes.

B:Really?It takes only 30 minutes from Beijing to Tianjin?If I go to the station now,I can arrive at the meeting room on time.

A:Certainly.

B:Where can I take the Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway?

A:You can get the train in Beijing South Station,which is not far from here.

B:Thank you very much.But another question,the time is urgent,I’m afraid I have no time to buy tickets at the ticket office.

A:Don’t worry,you can buy your tickets from the Automatic Ticket Vending Machine.The machine is near the waiting room.You can save lots of time.

B:I see,thank you.

A:My pleasure.ReadingInter-city Rail

Inter-city rail services are express passenger train services that cover longer distances than commuter or regional trains.

There is no precise definition of inter-city rail.Its meaning may vary from country to country.Most broadly,it can include any rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area,nor slow regional rail trains calling at all stations and covering local journeys only.Most typically,an inter-city train is an express train with limited stops and comfortable carriages to serve long-distance travel.

Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services.This is the most prevalent in Europe,due to the close proximity of its 50 countries in a 10,180,000 square kilometres area.Speed

The speeds of inter-city rail lines are quite diverse,ranging from 50km/h in a mountainous area or on undeveloped tracks to 300km/h on newly-constructed or improved tracks.Ideally,the average speed of inter-city rail service would be faster than 100km/h in order to be competitive with car,bus and other methods of transport.Distance of inter-city rail

•100km

The distance of an inter-city rail journey is usually at least 100km,although in many large metropolitan areas commuter and regional services cover equal or longer distances.

•100-500km

Adistance of 100-500km(62-311 mile)is a common journey distance for inter-city rail in many countries.In many cases,railway travel is the most competitive at about 2-3 hours journey time.Inter-city rail can often compete with highways and short-haul air travel for journeys of this distance.

•500-1,000km

In journeys of 500-1,000km(311-621 mile),the role of inter-city rail is often replaced by faster air travel.Development of high-speed rail in some countries increases the share of railway for such longer-distance journeys.

•1,000km or more

In some countries with a dense rail network,large territory,or less air and car transport,such as China,India,and Russia,overnight long-distance train services are provided and used practically.

In many other countries,such long-distance rail journey has been replaced by air travel except for tourism or hobbyist purposes,luxury train journeys,or significant cost benefit.The differences between the inter-city rail and high-speed rail

High-speed railway refers to the railway system that through reconstructing the original line,the operating rate reaches more than 200 kilometers per hour,or on specially built new “high-speed line”,the operating rate reaches more than 250 kilometers per an hour.While high-speed rail train operating speed readies a certain standard,the vehicle,the track,and the operation need imprving.

Compared with other modes of transportation,the high-speed railway has the characteristics of large capacity,fast running speed,high transport efficiency,low launching cost,high safety coefficient and other obvious comparative advantage.

Inter-city rail system refers to the express passenger train system constructed in the populous metropolitan area.It usually links two important cities.The distance of inter-city rail is not very long and the stops are limited.The average speed is more than 200km/h,till now,the fastest speed of the inter-city rail in our country is 300km/h.Inter-city rail in China

Trains run by China Railways link almost every town and city in Mainland China,including Beijing,Guangzhou,Shanghai,Shenzhen and Xi’an,as well as from Shenzhen to Hong Kong.Inter-city railway lines whose operating speed is from 200km/h to 350km/h have been newly constructed and many conventional lines are also upgraded to 200km/h operation.Currently there are seven High-Speed Inter-city lines in China,with up to 21 planned.For example,the Beijing-Tianjin Inter-city Railway began to operate on August 1,2008, the character “C” was used after that time.It can travel at a maximum speed of 300km/h,and the whole journey only takes about 30 minutes.New Words and Expressions

1.regional[ri∶ʤənl] adj.地区的,区域的;特定区域的,特定地区的;方言的;区域性

2.precise[prisais] adj.清晰的;精确的;正规的;精密

3.definition[definiʃn] n.定义;规定,明确

4.proximity [prɔksiməti] n.接近,邻近;接近度,距离;亲近

5.diverse[daivɜ∶s] adj.不同的,多种多样的;变化多的;形形色色的

6.prevalent[prevələnt] adj.流行的,盛行的;普遍存在的,普遍发生的

7.category[kætəgəri] n.类型,部门,种类,类别,类目

8.metropolitan[metrəpɔlitən] adj.大都会的;大城市的

9.hobbyist[hɔbiist] n.沉溺于某种癖好者,嗜某爱好成癖的人

10.luxury[lʌkʃəri] n.奢侈,豪华;奢侈品

        adj.奢华的,豪华的

11.conventional[kənvenʃənl] adj.传统的;习用的,平常的;依照惯例的;约定的

12.upgrade[ʌpgreid] vt.提升;使(机器、计算机系统等)升级;提高(设施、服务等的)档次;提高(飞机乘客、旅馆住客等)的待遇

13.inter-city rail 城际铁路

14.range from…to… …从……变化到……Notes

1.Most broadly,it can include any rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area,nor slow regional rail trains calling at all stations and covering local journeys only.

从广义上来讲,城际铁路既不包括通勤铁路,也不包括停靠站点多的区域铁路。

2.The speeds of inter-city rail lines are quite diverse,ranging from 50km/h in a mountainous area or on undeveloped tracks to 350km/h on newly-constructed or improved tracks.

城际铁路列车运行的速度是不同的,在多山地区或初始轨道上的50km/h到新建的或已经升级轨道上的350km/h之间变化。

3.although in many large metropolitan areas commuter and regional services cover equal or longer distances.

尽管在一些大都市通勤铁路或区域铁路线路长度与之相等甚至更长。

4.Inter-city railway lines whose operating speed is from 200 to 350km/h have been newly constructed and many conventional lines are also upgraded to 200km/h operation.

新修建了运行速度200~350km/h的城际铁路线路,且许多常规线路也都升级至运行速度200km/h。ExercisesⅠ.Answer the following questions according to the text.

1.What is inter-city rail?

2.Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services,where is it the most prevalent?

3.The speeds of inter-city rail lines are quite diverse,what are they?

4.When was the Beijing-Tianjin Inter-city Railway opened?

5.What’s the top speed of the Beijing-Tianjin Inter-city Railway?Ⅱ.Translate the following terms into English.

1.城际铁路 2.特快客运列车 3.通勤列车 4.高速铁路 5.京津城际铁路

6.安全系数 7.区域铁路Ⅲ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.Inter-city rail services are express passenger train services that cover longer distances than commuter or regional trains.

试读结束[说明:试读内容隐藏了图片]

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