作者：圣才电子书
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西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and Grammar: Multiple Choice (30%)
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection (10%)
1．Being both spoiled and lazy, he _______ everyone else for his lack of success.
A. accused
B. charged
C. criticized
D. blamed【答案】D【解析】句意：因为被惯坏了而且懒惰，他把自己的失败归咎于其他人。blame意为“责备”，常与for连用。accuse意为“控告，谴责”，常与of连用。charge意为“控诉”，常与with连用。
2．The prisoner _______ that he had assaulted a policeman.
A. denied
B. rejected
C. contradicted
D. refused【答案】A【解析】句意：那名犯人否认曾袭击警察。deny普通用词，侧重否认意见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。contradict指肯定地否认、反对或反驳某事，坚持相反的意见。
3．The jury gave a ________ of not guilty.
A. sentence
B. judgment
C. charge
D. verdict【答案】D【解析】句意：陪审团做出了无罪的判决。verdict为法律用词，指陪审团的裁决。sentence法律用词，指法庭的判决，根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻重而宣判处罚。
4．Only hotel guests have the ________ of using the private beach.
A. occasion
B. possibility
C. privilege
D. allowance【答案】C【解析】句意：只有酒店的客人有使用这个私人沙滩的特权。privilege特权，特别待遇。possibility可能性。allowance允许，被允许的东西(如限额、限期等)。
5．He was always finding _________ with his daughter’s friends.
A. blame
B. error
C. mistake
D. fault【答案】D【解析】句意：他总是挑剔他女儿的朋友们。find fault with sb.找某人的茬，责难。
6．Children who are praised for their work are always ________ on.
A. encouraged
B. approved
C. inspired
D. spurred【答案】D【解析】句意：工作受到表扬的孩子们通常会积极性更高。spur on鼓励；鞭策。
7．Your usual teacher has lost his voice and _______ I am taking his place today.
A. nevertheless
B. however
C. moreover
D. accordingly【答案】D【解析】句意：平常教你们的老师失声了，所以今天我来给他代课。accordingly因此，从而。nevertheless然而，不过。moreover而且，此外。
8．Sadly, while the academic industry thrives, the practice of translation continues to _______.
A. stack
B. stage
C. stagnate
D. stamp【答案】C【解析】句意：遗憾的是，在学术界蓬勃发展的同时，翻译实践却停滞不前。stagnate停滞，不发展。stack堆起，摞起。stamp跺着脚走。
9．Uncle Vernon, quite unlike Harry Potter who looked nothing like the rest of the family, was large, very fat, and _______, with an enormous black mustache.
A. neckless
B. necklace
C. reckless
D. rackless【答案】A【解析】句意：哈利·波特看起来和家里其他人一点也不像，弗农叔叔与他完全不同，他身材高大，胖得看不到脖子，留着一脸黑胡子。neckless胖得没脖子的。reckless鲁莽的。rackless没支架的。
10．Americans who consider themselves _______ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.
A. pedestrian
B. penchant
C. patriarch
D. patriotic【答案】D【解析】句意：在传统意义上认为自己是爱国主义者的美国人，通常会毫不犹豫地批评他们认为是压迫或浪费的国内问题。patriotic爱国的，有爱国心的。pedestrian步行者，行人。penchant(强烈的)倾向，趣味。patriarch族长，元老。
Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement (10%)
11．Although many modifications have been made in it, the game known in the United Statesas football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.
A. rules
B. changes
C. demands
D. leagues【答案】B【解析】句意：虽然已经做出了许多修改，但是在美国被熟知为足球的运动可以直接追溯到英式橄榄球比赛。modification修改，修正。league联盟；社团。
12．Benjamin Franklin was remembered for his good judgment.
A. vigilance
B. guilty
C. sagacity
D. resolution【答案】C【解析】句意：本杰明·富兰克林因其良好的判断力而被人们铭记。judgement审判，判断力。sagacity睿智，精确的判断。vigilance警戒，警惕。resolution坚定，决心。
13．Rain abates in the fall throughout most of the Appalachian mountain region.
A. pours
B. accumulates
C. lessens
D. evaporates【答案】C【解析】句意：阿巴拉契亚山脉的大部分地区降水会在秋天减少。abate(风、暴风雨、声音等)减弱，减轻。lessen减少，减轻。evaporate蒸发，挥发。
14．Justice of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal casesinvolving minor offenses.
A. supremacy
B. authority
C. guidance
D. obedience【答案】B【解析】句意：治安法官对一些民事诉讼案件和涉及轻微犯罪的刑事案件有管辖权。jurisdiction权限。have jurisdiction over对……有管辖权。authority权威，权力。superiority优越，优势。guidance指导，领导。obedience服众，顺从。
15．The feeling of competition among the students in all the classrooms where the test was goingon was noticeable to everyone.
A. discord
B. discovery
C. rivalry
D. cooperation【答案】C【解析】句意：在所有正在进行考试的教室里，每个人都能感觉到学生之间的竞争感。rivalry竞争；对抗。discord不和；不一致。
16．The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.
A. archaic
B. sentimental
C. outstanding
D. entire【答案】C【解析】句意：这名艺术家花费了数年时间完成了他的伟大画作，覆盖了这个国家最大的教堂的整个屋顶。monumental伟大而不朽的。outstanding杰出的，依然存在的。archaic古代的，古文的。sentimental感情的，感伤的。
17．Anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff furthered her reputation as an authority on Native Americanculture with her study of the symbols, myths, and rituals of the Huichol people.
A. deserved
B. retained
C. renewed
D. advanced【答案】D【解析】句意：人类学家芭芭拉·麦尔霍夫(Barbara Myerhoff)通过研究惠乔尔(Huichol)人的符号、神话和仪式，进一步提高了她作为美国本土文化权威的声誉。further促进，推动。advance使……前进。retain保持。
18．He remained calm in the face of the impending danger.
A. terrific
B. trivial
C. astonishing
D. imminent【答案】D【解析】句意：他面对迫在眉睫的危险时仍然保持镇静。impending即将发生的。imminent即将来临的；迫近的。terrific极好的；极其的。trivial不重要的，琐碎的。
19．“Holmes!” I whisper.
“What on earth are you doing in this disgusting place?”
A. humble
B. unpleasant
C. underprivileged
D. noisy【答案】B【解析】句意：“福尔摩斯！”我低声说，“你到底在这个恶心的地方干什么？”disgusting令人厌恶的。humble谦逊的；简陋的。underprivileged贫困的；被剥夺基本权力的。
20．One of the things we have to do to prevent a pandemic is to make sure people understand and know what they can do to minimize the commotion.
A. command
B. collusion
C. turmoil
D. tutelage【答案】C【解析】句意：预防流感大流行我们要做的一件事就是确保人们理解并知道他们能做些什么来减少混乱。commotion骚动；暴乱。turmoil混乱，骚动。collusion勾结；共谋。tutelage监护；指导。
Part 3 Grammar (10%)
21．Many of the novels of Kurt Vonnegut ________ a remarkable skepticism about the value of technological advances.
A. display
B. will have displayed
C. they display
D. had displayed【答案】A【解析】句意：许多库尔特·冯内古特的小说显示了对于技术进步价值的怀疑。这句话讲述的是客观事实，因此用一般现在时。
22．________ its richness and varied coloring, Schubert’s Symphony in C has enjoyed a deserved reputation among classical music lovers.
A. Renowning by
B. Renownable to
C. Renowned for
D. Renowning with【答案】C【解析】句意：舒伯特的C调交响乐以其丰富多彩而闻名于世，在古典音乐爱好者中享有盛誉。be renowned for因……而著名。
23．The ________ the forest reached their highest price in the 1980s.
A. products of
B. productions by
C. producers to
D. predictabilities with【答案】A【解析】句意：树木制品在20世纪80年代达到了其最高价格。product 主要指工业产品，也可指农产品，是可数名词。production 通常不表示具体的产品，它主要指生产这一动作或过程，是不可数名词。
24．As a universal language, Esperanto has never really gained widespread acceptance ________ its lack of native speakers.
A. because
B. as a result
C. in order to
D. due to【答案】D【解析】句意：作为一种通用语言，世界语从未真正获得广泛接受，因为没有以其为母语的人。横线后为名词短语，因此应该选择due to。
25．In the years following the American Revolution and prior to the establishment of a national government, Washington provided the fledgling country with keen economic insight, ________, and astute international judgment.
A. recognition of stability that was domestic
B. to stabilize the domestic situation
C. which was domestically stable
D. a sense of domestic stability【答案】B【解析】句意：在美国独立战争之后、确立国家政府之前的那几年，华盛顿为这个新兴的国家提供了敏锐的经济洞察力来稳定国内局势，还对国际形势做出了准确判断。
26．Through renowned for his work with the deaf, Alexander Graham Bell is best remembered for his invention of the telephone, _______.
A. that it was an invention of ingenuity mad impact
B. it was an invention of ingenuity and impact
C. an invention of ingenuity and impact
D. invention ingeniously and impaction【答案】C【解析】句意：虽然亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔因其与聋人的工作而闻名于世，但让人印象最为深刻的是他发明了电话，电话是一种十分有创造力和影响力的发明。横线处为telephone的同位语。
27．Coca-Cola, begun in an Atlanta drugstore in 1888, remains a powerful beverage company ________ with numerous smaller food producers.
A. that has merged
B. that merged it
C. which merging
D. whose to merge【答案】A【解析】句意：可口可乐于1888年在亚特兰大创立，一开始是一家药店，其合并了无数家小型食品生产商，至今仍是一家有实力的饮料公司。横线处为定语从句，merge with为固定词组，意思是“合并”。
28．Battles between ancient armies were usually fought _______ crucial trading route, fertile agricultural fields, or important sources of water were found.
A. those
B. wherever
C. not only
D. what【答案】B【解析】句意：古代军队之间的战斗通常发生在关键的贸易路线、肥沃的农田和重要的水源所在之处。这句话的主句成分完整，因此后面的句子应该作为状语，后面的句子表示的是地点，因此应选where引导地点状语从句。
29．To Darwin we _______ that has made the interrelations of organisms central in modern natural history.
A. have owed the change
B. owing the change
C. the change do owe
D. owe the change【答案】D【解析】句意：我们应该将生物之间相互关系成为现代自然历史的中心这一变化归功于达尔文。这句话的正常语序应该是“We owe the change that… to Darwin”。
30．Blame for the invention of nuclear weapons must fall upon ________.
A. however conceived their invention in the first place
B. whenever conceived their invention in the first place
C. whatsoever conceived their invention in the first place
D. whoever conceived their invention in the first place【答案】D【解析】句意：核武器的发明必须归咎于首先构思了这项发明的人。横线处是一个宾语从句，同时引导词要在宾语从句中做主语，D项符合题意。
II. Reading Comprehension (40%)
Passage 1
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental “get things done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; industrial leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy more distant respect.
1．What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The problems faced by leaders.
B. How leadership differs in Small and large groups.
C. How social groups determine who will lead them.
D. The role of leaders in social groups.
2．The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT
A. recruitment
B. formal election process
C. specific leadership training
D. traditional cultural patterns
3．In mentioning “natural leaders”, the author is making the point that
A. few people qualify as “natural leaders”.
B. there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist.
C. “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group.
D. “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
4．Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying.
D. Most people be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
5．The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on
A. ensuring harmonious relationships
B. sharing responsibility with group members
C. identifying new leaders
D. achieving a goal【答案与解析】
1．D 本文第一段和第二段讲了一个团体中领导的产生，第三段和第四段着重阐述了领导的角色，即功用型领导和亲和型领导。因此正确选项为D。
2．C 文中第一段提到“traditional cultural patterns confer leadership…”，说明traditional cultural patterns是人们成为领导的一种方式。后面“leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.”说明formal election process和recruitment是人们成为领导的方式，因此，ABD三个选项都在原文中被提及了，正确选项为C。
3．B 文中“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of ‘natural leaders.’”这句话的意思是说，数十年的研究却没有揭示出存在任何一类“天然领导者”的可靠证据。因此正确选项为B。
4．A 第二段中“It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common”意思是说，并不存在所有的领导者并不共有所有个人品质，即某一群体的好领导不一定是另一个群体的好领导。
5．D 倒数第二段中“Instrumental leadership… completion of tasks by a social group.”，即功用型领导是强调完成某社会群体任务。最后一段中“They…may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals.”，他们会约束那些妨碍群体目标达成的成员。因此可以得出功用型的领导主要关注目标的达成。
Passage 2
For the generation that grew up during the feminist revolution and the rapid social change of the 1960s and1970s, it at first seemed achievement enough just to "make it" in a man’s world. But coupled with their ambition, today’s woman have developed a fierce determination to find new options being both parent and professional without sacrificing too much to either role or burning themselves out beyond redemption.
Women have done all of the accommodating in terms of time, energy and personal sacrifice that is humanly possible, and still they have not reached true integration in the workplace. For a complicated set of reasons—many beyond their control—they feel conflict between their careers and their children. All but a rare few quickly dispel the myth that superwoman ever existed.
For many women, profession and family are pitted against one another on a high-stakes collision course. Women’s values are stacked against the traditions of their professions. In the home, men and women struggle to figure out how dual-career marriages should work. Role conflict for women reaches far beyond the fundamental work/family dilemma to encompass a whole constellation of fiercely competing priorities. Women today find themselves in an intense battle with a society that cannot let go of a narrowly defined work ethic that is supported by a family structure that has not existed for decades. The unspoken assumption persists that there is still a woman at home to raise the children and manage the household. But the economic reality is that most people, whether in two-parent or single-parent families, need to work throughout their adult lives. As a consequence, the majority of today’s mothers are in the labor market.
The first full-fledged generation of women in the professions did not talk about their overbooked agenda or the toll it took on them and their families. They knew that their position in the office was shaky at best. With virtually no choice in the matter, they bought into the traditional notion of success in the workplace—usually attained at the high cost of giving up an involved family life. If they suffered self-doubt or frustration about how hollow professional success felt without complementary rewards from the home, they blamed themselves—either for expecting too much or for doing too little. And they asked themselves questions that held no easy answers: Am I expecting too much? Is it me? Am I alone in this dilemma? Do other women truly have it all?
Until now, this has been a private dilemma, unshared, as each woman was left to forge her own unique solution to merging her dual loyalties to work and family. Too often she felt that she alone had failed to achieve a comfortable balance between the two.
6．According to the passage, today’s women _______.
A. want to achieve a balance between her loyalties to work and family
B. are stronger advocates of gender equality than the older generation
C. do not want to sacrifice anything at all for the desired liberation.
D. are getting no nearer to achieve their ambition
7．The myth held by some “superwomen” is that they can _______.
A. reconcile their careers with parental responsibilities
B. devote themselves to their career without regard for their children
C. resist the temptation of their ambition to make great achievements
D. resolve the conflicts between their careers and children without any sacrifice
8．In what way do women today find themselves in an intense battle with the society?
A. The society regards women as less able to perform social tasks.
B. Women do too much about their career and too little about their families.
C. The society still holds the traditional image about a family.
D. Women no longer regard the family as a basic unit of the society.
9．When women fail to achieve a balance between work and children, they
A. let things go their own courses
B. admit that they are not superwomen
C. usually choose to give up work
D. often blame themselves for it
10．The author’s attitude towards women’s dilemma seems to be one of ________.
A. suspicious
B. indifference
C. irony
D. sympathy【答案与解析】
6．A 作者在第一段里指出，如今的女性想要“find new options being both parent and professional without sacrificing too much to either role or burning themselves out beyond redemption.”，由此可见她们想要兼顾家庭和职业。
7．D 由第二段中“they feel conflict between their careers and their children”可知，这里的超级女性指能够真正解决事业与家庭之间冲突的女性。
8．C 作者在第三段里指出，如今的女性是在一个奉行狭隘的职业道德的社会里拼搏，这种职业道德“is supported by a family structure that has not existed for decades”。
9．D 第四段提到“If they suffered self-doubt or frustration about…, they blamed themselves”，即如果她们自我怀疑或因职业虽成功却不能照顾到家庭而有挫败感时，她们就责备自己。
10．D本文叙述了现代女性想要兼顾家庭和事业，对此作者持同情的态度。
Passage 3
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses.
Back in the early 1900’s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line”. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the stone one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.
“The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.”
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way, Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖，拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn’t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, are remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
11．Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?
A. He introduced a new way of production.
B. He influenced all manufacturing.
C. He inspired other auto makers.
D. He changed a historian’s mind.
12．The writer mentions” slaughterhouses” because they were the places where
A. Ford’s assembly line originated
B. Ford made his first car
C. Ford readjusted the assembly line
D. Ford innovated the disassembly line
13．A magneto is a technical term for
A. an automobile
B. a production line
C. a part of an automobile engine
D. a disassembly line
14．The phrase “turning out” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
A. “producing”
B. “selling”
C. “buying”
D. “fixing”
15．The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford
A. to create more jobs for the unemployed
B. to write a book on history
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]