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东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. (30 points) Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are together 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and15 in Chinese, with one point for each.
1．LTD【答案】激光目标指示器 （Laser Target Designator）
2．CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数 （Consumer Price Index）
3．R.S.V.P.【答案】请回复 （Répondez, s’il vous plait; Reply, if you please.）
4．LSE【答案】伦敦证券交易所 （London Stock Exchange）
5．ATT (C)【答案】美国电话电报公司 （American Telephone and Telegraph Co.）
6．VTR【答案】磁带录像机 （videotape recorder）
7．SW【答案】短波 （Short Wave）
8．EEC【答案】欧洲经济共同体 （European Economic Community）
9．CAF【答案】成本加运费价格 （Cost And Freight）
10．Alongside Delivery【答案】船边交货
11．Exchange Settlement【答案】外汇结算
12．Installment Payment【答案】分期付款
13．Named Departure Point【答案】指定发货地点
14．Debit Note【答案】借项清单
15．Notice of Damage【答案】损害通知单
16．全损【答案】Total Loss
17．分批装船【答案】Installment Shipment
18．增值税【答案】Value-added Tax
19．中等发达国家【答案】moderately developed countries
20．运费免付【答案】carriage free
21．工商管理学学士【答案】BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration)
22．零售价格指数【答案】RPI (Retail Price Index)
23．瑞士法郎【答案】Swiss Franc
24．聚酯纤维【答案】polyester fiber
25．自由关税区【答案】Tariff-free Zone
26．转账凭单【答案】Transfer Warrant
27．注销支票【答案】Cancelled Check
28．中国国际信托投资公司【答案】CITIC (China International Trust and Investment Corporation)
29．直送航线【答案】direct route
30．账面赤字【答案】Paper Deficit
II. (120 points) Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively.
Source Text 1:
Letter of Credit
Payment is of great importance in international trade. The final result of business activities is to get the amount of money for goods supplied or services rendered. Otherwise, all would be meaningless.
Among all the modes of payment (remittance, collection and letter of credit) letter of credit is the most widely used.
The letter of credit is a kind of bank credit instead of commercial credit like remittance or collection. It is a written document drawn to the exporter by the bank. at the request of the importer. By means of letter of credit, both the seller and buyer are well protected：The exporter is assured of the payment When he dispatches the goods, while the buyer is assured of the title to the goods before he pays for them.
In payment by letter of credit, there are six parties concerned:
☆The applicant: also called the opener, usually it is the importer
☆The opening bank or the issuing bank
☆The advising bank or the notifying bank
☆The beneficiary usually it is the exporter
☆The negotiating bank
☆The paying bank or the drawee bank
There are many kinds of letter of credit among which documentary L/C is the most widely used in international trade. In documentary letter of credit operations, all parties concerned actually deal in documents, instead of goods.
Therefore, banks must examine all the documents with great care to make sure that everything is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit.
As a seller, you should always have a clear understanding of your risks in concluding a contract of sale and requirements in relation to the worthiness of the buyer, the political, economic and legal situation in the buyer’s country and the buyer’s own liquidity. This helps you to decide what kind of documentary letter of credit you may require--revocable letter of credit, unconfirmed irrevocable letter of credit or confirmed irrevocable letter of credit. (328 words)【参考译文】
信用证
支付在国际贸易中具有重要的意义。商业活动的最终结果就是对所提供货物和服务收回应得的金额，否则一切都失去了意义。
在所有的支付方式（汇付、托收和信用证）中，最为广泛使用的当属信用证。
信用证是银行信用，不像汇付和托收属于商业信用。它是银行应进口商的要求开立给出口商的一种书面文件。信用证使买卖双方都受到了很好的保护。出口商只要发运了货物便可保证收回货款，而买方在付款之前就能获得对货物的所有权。在信用证支付中，有六方当事人：
☆开证申请人（又称开证人，通常是进口商）
☆开证银行
☆通知银行
☆受益人（通常是出口商）
☆议付银行
☆付款银行或受票银行
信用证的种类很多，其中跟单信用证是国际贸易中最广泛使用的一种。在跟单信用证交易中，买卖双方实际上不是进行货物交易，而是在进行单据交易。
因此，双方银行一定要认真地审查所有的单证以确保这些单证与信用证上的条款一致。
作为卖方，你应该清楚地了解你在买方的价值和买方的价值、买方国家的政治、经济和法律的情况以及买方自身的流动性的情况下订立销售和要求的合同。作为卖方，你应该始终清楚了解你在订立与买方价值，买方国家的政治，经济和法律状况以及买方自身流动性方面有关的销售合同和要求存在的风险。 这有助于你决定什么样的信用证可能需要可撤销的，未经确认的不可撤消的或确认的不可撤销的信用证。
Source Text 2:
经济发展应与环境保护齐头并进。在解决环境问题时，不仅要考虑各国的眼前利益，还要考虑全世界的长远利益。目前，应该首先解决发展中国家的水土流失，沙漠化，植被减少，以及水旱灾等环境污染和生态环境的恶化的问题。这些问题的解决将不仅消除对发展中国家环境与发展的威胁，也对全球的环境保护和经济发展极为有利，中国在经济发展的过程中非常重视环境保护，并且把环境保护作为一项基本国策。
中国愿意承担与其发展水平相适应的责任和义务，也愿意和包括亚洲各国在内的国际社会进行合作和交流，为改善全球生态环境，促进入类社会文明做出积极的贡献。只要世界各国本着同舟共济的精神，务实合作，积极行动，就一定能在发展经济的同时保护好地球环境，使之成为人类安居乐业的美好家园。 （319 words）【参考译文】
Economic development should go hand in hand with environmental protection. When we tackle environmental problems, consideration should be given to both the immediate interests of various countries and the long-term interests of the whole word. At present, priority should be given to addressing the environment degradation problems in developing countries such as soil erosion, desertification, vegetation reduction and floods and droughts. The settlement of these problems will not only eliminate the threat to the environment and development in developing countries, but also benefit the global environmental protection and economic development. China attaches great importance to environmental protection in the process of economic development, and make environmental protection a basic national policy.
China is willing to assume its responsibilities and obligations in line with its level of development and is also willing to cooperate and exchange with the international community, including Asian countries, to make a positive contribution to improve the global ecological environment and promote social civilization. As long as the world cooperate pragmatically and take positive action in the spirit of helping each other, it will be sure to develop the economy at the same time to protect the Earth's environment, making it a beautiful place to live and work in peace.
2012年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. (30 points) Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each.
1．C. I. F.【答案】到岸价格；成本、保险加运费 （cost, insurance and freight）
2．NNP【答案】国民净产值 （Net National Production）
3．UNESCO【答案】 联合国教科文组织 （United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization）
4．DOF【答案】自由度 （Degree of Freedom）
5．IQ【答案】智力商数 （Intelligence Quotient）
6．R. U.【答案】橄榄球协会 （Rugby Union）
7．ZPG【答案】人口零增长 （Zero Population Growth）
8．House Bill【答案】总公司汇票
9．Mobil Oil Corporation【答案】美孚石油公司
10．Bill of Exchange【答案】汇票
11．Customhouse Broker【答案】报关行；海关代理人
12．Revocable Letter of Credit【答案】可撤销信用证
13．packed weight【答案】包装重量；毛重
14．Export License【答案】出口许可证
15．Date of Expiration【答案】截止日期
16．单价【答案】Unit Price
17．关税未付【答案】duty unpaid
18．证券交易所【答案】Stock Exchange
19．输出港【答案】port of exportation
20．承运人【答案】a freight agent
21．投保金额【答案】insurance amount
22．石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
23．花旗银行【答案】Citibank
24．运输方式【答案】mode of transport
25．船上交货【答案】FOB (Free On Board)
26．交易费用【答案】transaction cost
27．见票即付（即期汇票）【答案】Sight Bill
28．发展中国家【答案】developing countries
29．净利润率【答案】Net Profit Rate
30．出口价格指数【答案】Export Price Index
II. (120 points) Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively.
Source Text 1:
This Contract signed in _____(month) on _____(date), _____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter referred to as the “Seller”) and _____(hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer”) on the other hand.
The Seller shall sell and deliver to the Buyer _____ units of products each unit to contain _____ kilograms of product. The product delivered under this Agreement shall conform to the standard specifications for the product adopted by the _____ Trade Association.
The price shall be _____ dollars per unit, F. O. B _____(place).
The price specified above is based on freight rates on the goods between the warehouse of the Buyer and the factory of the Seller. If such freight rates increase or decrease, the price specified shall be adjusted accordingly.
Payment shall be made by net cash against sight draft with bill of lading attached showing the shipment of the goods. Such payment shall be made through the _____(bank) of _____(place). The bill of lading shall not be delivered to the Buyer until such draft is paid.
If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made. If the Seller refuses to agree to the reduction of the amount of goods to be delivered, the Seller may cancel this Agreement.
The Buyer shall give shipping instructions in time and provide necessary shipping space, otherwise, the Seller shall not be under the obligation to make the shipment within the stipulated time.
In case any party fails to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement, the other party reserves the right to cancel the Agreement after the demand in writing addressed to the defaulting party. If the defaulting party has not complied with the demand, the Agreement shall immediately terminate. (345 words)【参考译文】
本合同由 _____（以下称“卖方”）和 _____（以下称“买方”）于__年__月__日签订。
卖方将出售并交付给买方 _____ 单位产品，每单位装 ____ 公斤。依此协议提供的产品要符合 _____ 贸易协会所采用的标准规格。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]