雅思写作高分范文集(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：戴云,刘芸

出版社：中国人民大学出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

雅思写作高分范文集试读：

前言

●雅思简介

雅思（IELTS）是对听、说、读、写四项基本英语技能的综合测试，旨在检验考生在真实语言环境中应用英语语言沟通的能力。

雅思分为两种类型，即学术类（Academic Module，简称A类）和普通培训类（General Training Module，简称G类）。两者的阅读和写作部分有所不同，且A类试题比G类试题难度略高。申请学习正规学位课程者应参加A类考试；申请学习非正规课程者以及申请移民者只需参加G类考试。

目前，雅思在超过120个国家和地区举行，是成长速度最快，测试方法最公平、最权威的国际考试之一，已得到世界各地的普遍关注与信任。在全球范围内，有超过7000所院校机构、政府部门和职业机构认可雅思成绩；在美国，也有超过3000所院校认可雅思成绩，其中包括顶级常春藤联盟院校。每年有超过170万人参加雅思考试。可见，雅思考生面临着巨大的竞争压力。

●雅思写作概述

雅思写作共分为两个部分，即TASK 1与TASK 2。

TASK 1要求考生在15至20分钟完成一篇不少于150字的文章。

G类以书信为主，常考的题型包括投诉信、感谢信、邀请信、道歉信、求职信、建议信等。

A类以图表作文为主，常考的题型包括曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、流程图等。

TASK 2要求考生在40分钟内完成一篇不少于250字的议论文。

A类和G类对TASK 2的要求相似。有些题目要求考生围绕某个观点发表支持或反对意见；有些题目要求考生就一组截然相反的观点展开讨论；有些题目要求考生解释某种现象产生的原因并提出相应的对策。

●雅思写作高分标准

雅思评分为9分制。考官根据四个评分标准打分。

标准之一：任务的完成或任务的应对（Task Achievement or Task Response）

标准之二：连贯与衔接（Coherence and Cohesion）

标准之三：词汇资源（Lexical Resource）

标准之四：语法结构范围与准确性（Grammatical Range and Accuracy）

公开数据显示，中国考生的雅思写作成绩普遍在6分以下，很难达到名校录取的标准。

雅思高分作文标准（7分或以上）

任务的完成：写作内容涵盖题目要求；图表作文能够清晰概括主要趋势、差别或阶段特点。书信作文能够清晰表达写作目的，语气一致、得体。议论文立场清晰，能够提出、引申并支持主要观点。

连贯与衔接：信息与观点组织逻辑性强；文章从头至尾具有延续性；衔接手段使用合理。

词汇资源：词汇使用丰富，具有准确性与灵活性。

语法结构范围与准确性：能够使用多种复杂的语法结构；语法、标点准确无误。

那么，如何在短期内将雅思写作成绩提高到一个崭新的台阶呢？

为了助考生一臂之力，引导其顺利赢得7分以上的高分，辛勤耕耘的园丁们责无旁贷。历经多年的酝酿，这本灌注了新东方名师无数汗水与无限希望的《雅思写作高分范文集》终于在大家期待的目光中问世了。

●《雅思写作高分范文集》内容简介

第一部分为雅思小作文（TASK 1）真题高分范文，涵盖各种常考题型。

曲线图；柱状图；饼状图；表格题；综合图表题；流程图；地图题。

第二部分为雅思大作文（TASK 2）真题高分范文，涵盖多种类别的题目。

社会类：社会现象类、社会生活类；

政府类：政府决策类、意识形态类；

价值观类；抽象类；科技类；教育类；文化类；媒体类；环境类；旅游类；犯罪类。

●《雅思写作高分范文集》的特色与优势

本书独具“三高”特色。

第一高：范文写作的“高”品质。写作手法全

本书中收录的范文运用了多种写作手法与技巧，如引证法、例证法、对比法、因果法、定义法等，鲜明生动地向读者展示了这些手法是如何应用于写作实践之中的。遣词造句妙

范文用词地道、精彩；句法多样、灵活；段落连贯、顺畅。逻辑思维深

范文结构缜密，逻辑性强，思路广泛，内容深刻，容易引起读者共鸣。

第二高：真题筛选的“高”标准。精挑细选

本书所选题目均为近几年最新考过的真题，题目类别全面且新颖实用，颇具代表性与借鉴性。通过对一篇范文的细心研读与模仿训练，可达到举一反三、事半功倍的效果。

第三高：范文审核的“高”水平。严格把关

本书中收录的所有范文均经过国内顶尖雅思名师与英美权威写作专家的严格审核与润饰，力图为广大读者奉献一份令人满意甚至惊喜的高分答卷。

●笔者寄语《雅思写作高分范文集》中蕴藏着诸多闪光的法宝，无论是精彩的句子、实用的框架还是严谨的逻辑，都值得所有雄心勃勃的考生仔细探索与挖掘。若莘莘学子能将这些法宝转化成自己的本领，并灵活运用于未来竞争激烈的雅思考场之上，便能在雅思考场上所向披靡，最终取得心满意足的成绩。因为英语作文之道天下皆同，所以本书也可以作为所有想学好英语作文的有志之士的伴侣和助手。

亲爱的考生们，“光并非太阳的专利，你也可以发光。”只要勤于思考与实践，胸怀坚定的信念，鼓起十足的勇气向着自己选择的目标冲刺，那么，无论山峰多么险峻，无论海洋多么澎湃，都无法阻挡你前进的步伐。“业精于勤，而荒于嬉；行成于思，而毁于随。”《雅思写作高分范文集》会助你开拓前方的道路，并一路真诚陪伴，见证你的拼搏与成功。神圣的顶峰、光辉的彼岸并不遥远。

剑桥大学训言：我与世界相遇，我自与世界相蚀，我自不辱使命，使我与众生相聚。

牛津大学训言：哪一位登上成功顶峰的人心中没有傲视群雄的霸气？

愿名校训言激励你不断成长、执著奋斗！

第一部分 雅思小作文（TASK 1）高分范文

第一章 曲线图

The graph compares the numbers of three types of books that Australians enjoyed reading from 2002 to 2006.Among them，educational books have undergone the largest degree of fluctuation，while adult fiction has remained generally stable throughout these years.the number of three kinds of books preferred by people in Australia

The year2005 saw the biggest changes taking place in both educational books and children’s books.To illustrate，the number of educational books grew dramatically in2005，peaking at15，000，000.In contrast，the number of children’s books slumped steeply，reaching the bottom of 4，000，000.Since then，however，the number of educational books began to drop to a great extent，reaching 8，000，000 in 2006.But children’s books resumed their popularity from 2005 and finally jumped to 10，000，000 a year later.Comparatively speaking，adult fiction books experienced a slight decrease around 2003.Its number remained steady from 2004 to 2005 and then slackened a little in 2006.

In conclusion，the numbers of educational books and children’s books preferred by Australian readers far outweigh that of adult fiction books during the four years.Meanwhile，great changes have occurred in people’s preference for educational books and children’s books ever since 2005.参考译文：

该图表比较了2002年至2006年澳大利亚人喜欢阅读的3种图书的数量。其中，教育图书的波动幅度最大，而成人类小说这3年来总体保持稳定。

2005年，教育图书和儿童图书的变化最为显著。具体来说，教育图书的数量在2005年急剧增长，多达1500万册。与之相反，儿童图书的数量急剧下降，跌至400万册。然而，从那时起，教育图书的数量开始大幅下降，降至2006年的800万册。但是，从2005年开始儿童图书再度受到人们的欢迎，并最终在1年后上升至1000万册。相比较而言，成人类小说数量在2003年经历了轻微的下滑，2004年至2005年保持稳定，随后在2006年又出现小幅下挫。

总体来看，在这4年中，澳大利亚读者喜爱的教育图书和儿童图书的数量远远超过了成人类小说的数量。同时，自从2005年，人们对教育图书和儿童图书的偏好程度发生了巨大的变化。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the changes of the time four companies used to produce a car from 1998 to 2002.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1998年至2002年4家公司在生产1辆汽车上所花费时间的变化情况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The line graph compares the lengths of time that four world-renowned automobile corporations spent in producing each car during the four-year-period from 1998 to 2002.

Noticeably，Nissan’s productivity of cars has achieved the most dramatic improvement throughout these four years.In 1998，this company had to use as many as 40 hours to make a car.Since then，the time length began to drop steeply over the years and bottomed at 22 hours in 2002，thus finally becoming the fastest in producing a car.The length of time used by GM to produce a car also exhibited a decrease from 32 hours in 1998 right to 24 hours four years later.

As is indicated in the graph，it took DC 36 hours to produce a car in 1998.In 1999，the time fell to 34 hours.From that year on，it remained unchanged till 2001 and was cut down to 32 hours in 2002.

Fluctuation has occurred in the performance of Ford.In 1998，it spent 25 hours in producing a car.From 1999 onwards，longer time was involved in completing the production process of a car.In 2001，the time rose to 27 hours.Fortunately，it at last returned to 26 hours in 2002.

In conclusion，Nissan made the biggest progress in reducing the time consumed to produce a car compared with its competitors.参考译文：

此曲线图比较了4家世界著名的汽车公司在1998年至2002年4年间生产每辆小汽车所用的时间。

很明显，这4年中，尼桑的汽车生产效率获得了最大程度的提高。1998年，该公司制造1辆小汽车的时间长达40小时。从那时起，生产时间开始大幅度缩短，在2002年降至22小时，从而最终成为小汽车单位生产效率最高的公司。通用公司的单位汽车生产时间也呈现下降趋势，从1998年的32小时直降至4年后的24小时。

如图表显示，1998年戴姆勒·克莱斯勒公司的汽车单位生产时间为36小时，到1999年降至34小时。从那年起到2001年生产时间保持不变，在2002年时降至32小时。

福特公司的生产情况出现了波动。1998年，该公司制造1辆小汽车花费25小时。从1999年起，完成1辆汽车生产流程的时间延长了。2001年，单位耗时升至27小时。幸运的是，在2002年终于又回到了25小时的水平。

总的来说，与其同行竞争者相比，尼桑在缩短小汽车单位生产时间方面取得了最大的进步。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graphs below show the population of northern Pacific Ocean countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列曲线图显示北太平洋地区国家的人口状况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The line graphs indicate the growing trend of urban and rural population and that of different age groups in northern Pacific Ocean countries from 1950 to 2040.

The number of people inhabiting the countryside remained steady that 1 million throughout the second half of the 20 century.The population then began to present a slight growth.As is predicted，2.5 million citizens will be living in rural areas by the year 2040.There were only 2.6 million urban-dwellers in 1950.The figure stayed at almost the same level until the end of the 1970s.In 2040，the number is expected to rise steeply to 17 million.The total population is expected to increase 5 fold in 2040.

According to the second line graph，the population over the age of 65 was around 2 million over these years，except a temporary slight fall in the 1960s.The number of children under 15 experienced soft fluctuation，rising from 2.5 million in 1950 to 2.7 million a decade later.Then a slight fall occurred，with the number dropping to less than th2.5 million.It was not until the end of the 20 century that the size of the youngest population resumed，and is predicted to grow mildly to 2.8 million in 2040.The biggest change took place in the population of those between 15 and 45.It grew from only 4 million in 1950 to 7 million at the beginning of the new century.A sharp increase is still ahead and by the year 2040，it might rise to 18 million.

To sum up，rural population has developed at a slower and steadier pace.Moreover，the aging population is expected to increase sharply in the future.参考译文：

该曲线图表明1950年至2040年北太平洋国家城市与农村不同年龄群体人口的增长趋势。

在20世纪的后50年里，农村居民人数平稳保持在100万，随后略有增长。预计到2040年将有250万人居住在农村地区。1950年，城市居民人口仅为260万，直至20世纪70年代末此数字几乎保持在同一水平。到2040年，城市人口将激增至1700万，而城市与农村的人口总数预计会翻5番。

根据曲线图二，这些年，65岁以上人口数量为200万左右，但是20世纪60年代时有一次短暂且轻微的下降。15岁以下儿童人口数量经历了小幅波动，从1950年的250万上升至10年后的270万。随后略有下降，降至不足250万。直到20世纪末年龄最小的人口数量又增长了，预计2040年将小幅上升至280万。15岁至45岁人口数量经历了最大程度的变化，从1950年的仅400万增长至新世纪初的700万，以后仍有大幅增长的势头，到2040年，可能增至1800万。

总的来说，农村人口的增长更加缓慢与平稳。此外，老龄人口数量预计未来会出现急剧增长。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993 and March 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1993年3月至1999年3月美国和日本的失业率情况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Unemployment Rates：US and Japan

The line curve illustrates the fluctuating rates of unemployment in the United States and Japan respectively starting from March，1993 to the same month in 1999.

According to the graph，an increasing number of employees thhave lost their jobs in Japan during the last few years of the 20 century.In 1993，the rate of unemployment in Japan was only 2.5%.Conversely，7% of the workforce was laid off in the United States at that time.

Since then，the percentage of unemployment in Japan kept fluctuating until March，1995，when the figure reached 3.2%.Afterwards，a steady increase occurred and the rate hiked up directly to 4.4% a year later.Then the rate steeply fell to 3.9%.From that time on，mild fluctuations continued and the rate peaked at 5.2% in 1998 and finally returned to 5% in 1999.

In the US，the rate presented downward fluctuations since 1993.Over the 6 years，it underwent continuous ups and downs and finally settled at the same level with Japan in 1999，at 5%.

Overall，the employment situation of Japan demonstrated an opposite trend to that of the US.In spite of this，their unemployment rates reached the same point at last.参考译文：

该曲线图分别描述从1993年3月到1999年3月美国和日本的失业率波动情况。

据图表显示，20世纪最后几年中越来越多的日本雇员失业了。1993年，日本的失业率仅为2.5%。与此截然不同的是，在同一时期美国有7%的劳动人口失去了工作。

从那时起，日本的失业率继续呈波动趋势，到1995年3月，失业率达3.2%。此后失业率逐步上升，并在1年以后径直升至4.4%。随后又急剧降至3.9%。从那时起，日本失业率继续小幅波动，1998年达到最高点5.2%，并最终在1999年回落到5%。

在美国，失业率从1993年起呈现下降波动的趋势。在这6年间，美国失业率一直上下波动，最终在1999年与日本失业率持平，达到5%。

总体而言，日本的就业状况与美国的呈相反的趋势。尽管如此，两国的失业率最后持平。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1940年至2040年3个不同国家65岁及以上人口的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Proportion of population aged 65 and over

The three lines in the diagram respectively demonstrate the fluctuating ratios of senior citizens at and over 65 years old in Japan，Sweden and the USA during the period between 1940 and 2040.

The old-age population in America appears to have been the thlargest in the 20 Century.In 1940，9 out of 100 people belonged to this age group.The percentage was 7% in Sweden and even lower in Japan.The increasing trend of the USA and that of Sweden had almost been the same before the new millennium began.Their percentage rose slightly until 1980.Then a mild fall has followed.From 2000 on，the figure of America levels off at 14% for less than 20 years，while Sweden experiences a sharp rise in the proportion taken up by 65-year-olds.A temporary fluctuation is expected，and the percentage of such an age group in Sweden is projected to grow to over 25% in 2040.The proportion aged 65 and over in the USA may also undergo a steep increase from 2020.

The percentage aged 65 and over in Japan is likely to present the hugest change among these countries.It fell a little from 5% to 3% in th1960 and leveled off for another 25 years.Since the end of the 20 century，a growth has been realized.Predictably，the figure will increase from 10% in 2030 to the peak high of 27% in 2040.参考译文：

图表中的3条曲线分别显示了1940年至2040年期间日本、瑞典和美国65岁及以上老龄人口比例的波动情况。

在20世纪，美国的老龄人口最多。1940年，100人里就有9人属于此年龄群。瑞典的比例为7%，略低于日本。在新千年开始之前，美国和瑞典的老龄人口增长呈相同趋势。1980年以前它们的比例小幅上升。随后又出现了轻微下降。从2000年开始，在不到20年里，美国的65岁老龄人口比例稳定在14%，而瑞典则经历了一次急剧的上升，预计瑞典的老龄人口比例将出现短暂的波动，并在2040年升至25%以上。美国65岁及以上老龄人口比例从2020年开始也可能会有大幅度增加。

在这些国家中，日本的65岁及以上人口所占百分比可能呈现出最大的变化。1960年，日本老龄人口比例从5%小幅下降至3%，并在接下来的25年中保持不变。自从20世纪末，人口增长得以实现。预计日本老龄人口比例将从2030年的10%增至2040年的最高点27%。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1979年至2004年某欧洲国家鱼肉和几种肉类的消费状况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Fish and meat consumption

The data presented in the line graph indicates the unit consumption of chicken，beef，lamb and fish in a European country over the 25 years between 1979 and 2004.

Comparatively speaking，the amount of fish purchased remained steady.In 1979，each person consumed 60 grams of fish every week.Then the amount fell slightly below 50 and stayed at almost the same level ever since.

The consumption of beef and lamb demonstrated downward trends in general.The highest degree of fluctuation occurred to beef.The amount fell sharply from 220 grams to 170 grams in 1982.Then it experienced a dramatic increase to the level of 240 grams in 1984.Since that year，although there were occasional ups and downs，the figure kept going down and finally reached a little over 100 in 2004.The same is true with lamb，whose consumption amount also underwent downward fluctuations from 145 grams in 1979 to 60 grams 25 years later.

It is noticeable that consumers in Europe have shown increasingly greater interest in chicken.In 1979，everyone only consumed 145 grams per week.Despite mild falls occasionally throughout the years，the amount grew steeply to the peak high of 250 grams at the beginning of the new century.参考译文：

该曲线图的数据显示1979年至2004年这25年间某欧洲国家对鸡肉、牛肉、羊肉和鱼肉的单位消耗量。

相比较而言，鱼肉的购买量保持稳定。1979年，每人平均每周消耗60克鱼肉，而后鱼肉单位消耗量略有下降至低于50克，并从那时起基本保持在相同水平。

牛肉和羊肉的消耗量大体呈现下降趋势。牛肉消耗量出现了最大幅度的波动，1982年从220克急剧下降到170克，随后呈现大幅度的增长，1984年牛肉单位消耗量升至240克。从那一年起，尽管偶尔会有上下波动，牛肉消耗量持续下降，在2004年降至100多克。羊肉的单位消耗量也同样经历了下降的波动，从1979年的145克降至25年后的60克。

欧洲的消费者显然越来越喜欢鸡肉了。1979年，人均每周消耗仅145克鸡肉。尽管这些年偶尔出现了轻微的下降，鸡肉单位消耗量在新世纪之初急剧增长，达最高点250克。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1974年至2002年期间英国4种不同运输方式的运货量。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Goods transported in UK（1974—2002）

The diagram describes the amount of goods transported by various means in the UK during the period between 1974 and 2002.

As is shown in the line curve，roads undertook the heaviest tasks of goods transportation throughout these years.In 1974，70 million tons were delivered by road.After a slight rise，it fell to a historical low of 66 million in 1980.Having experienced a steady growth and a temporary drop，the figure went up steeply from 1996 and finally peaked at 99 million in 2002.

In contrast，pipelines accounted for the smallest transportation of goods.Merely 5 million tons travelled this way in 1974.Since then，the amount kept increasing little by little and leveled off at 22 million in the late 1990s.

Fluctuations could also be seen in the amount transported by water and rail.Starting from 1978，there was a sharp increase of almost 20 million tons in water transport.However，the amount regarding railway delivery changed in an opposite direction.It dropped straight to 30 million in 1986.Then a mild growth followed and the amount stagnated at 36 million for over a decade.At last，it rose from 24 million to 41 million in 2002.

In summary，the construction of roads played the most important role in the transportation of goods within the last two decades of the th20 Century.参考译文：

该图表描述英国1974年至2002年各种运输方式所运送的货物量。

曲线显示，在这些年里公路承担了最为繁重的货物运输任务。1974年，7000万吨的货物通过公路运输。在一次小幅增长之后，1980年公路运货量跌落到历史最低点6600万吨。经历了稳步增长和一次短暂下降之后，公路运货量从1996年起急剧增加，最终在2002年达到最高点9900万吨。

相比之下，管道运输的货物量最少。1974年仅有500万吨货物经由管道运输。从那时起，管道运货量持续逐步增加，到20世纪90年代时稳定在了2200万吨。

水路和铁道的货物运输量也呈现出波动趋势。从1978年开始，水路运货量急剧增加了将近2000万吨。然而，铁路的运货量却以相反的趋势变化。1986年铁路运货量径直下降到3000万吨。之后，出现了一次小幅增长，并在10年内始终保持在3600万吨。最后，铁路运货量在2002年从2400万吨增至4100万吨。

总而言之，在20世纪最后的20年中，公路建设在货物运输方面发挥了最为重要的作用。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the GDP growth in different countries from 1995 to 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列曲线图显示1995年至2001年期间不同国家的GDP增长情况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。GDP Growth

The line curve describes the fluctuating trend of GDP growth in the United States，Japan and other Asian countries during the six-year period between 1995 and 2001.

The rate of GDP growth in the United States underwent the slightest degree of fluctuation over the years，except for a mild drop in 1999.Starting from 3.9% in 1995，the figure remained steady at the thlevel of around 4% before the end of the 20 century.At the beginning of the new century，the rate fell a little and finally reached 1% in 2001.

Japan’s GDP growth rate was lower.In 1995，it grew at a rate of0.2%.A steep increase appeared during the next two years.From 1997 on，however，the figure experienced a sharp fall from the peak of 4.3% in 1997 to the bottom level of merely -1.8% in 1998.Afterwards，the rate hiked slightly and finally reached -0.2% in 2001.

With regard to other Asian countries，fluctuation of GDP growth rate also occurred.In 1995，the rate stayed at 8% and leveled off till 1997.Then，there was a sharp decrease and the rate plummeted to -0.2% in 1998.Later，an equally steep rise followed and the figure returned to 6.1% in 2000.No more sharp ups and downs happened ever since.

Overall，the economic situation in America was a little steadier than other countries shown in the graph.参考译文：

该曲线图展现了美国、日本和其他亚洲国家在1995年至2001年这6年间GDP增幅的波动趋势。

美国的GDP增长率这些年经历了最小幅度的波动，但在1999年有一次轻微下滑。1995年的GDP增长率为3.9%，从那时起到20世纪末，该数据一直稳定在4%左右。在新世纪初，GDP增长率略有回落，并最终在2001年降至1%。

日本的GDP增长率相对较低。1995年，GDP增长率为0.2%。在接下来的两年中出现了一次急剧增长。然而，从1997年开始，日本GDP增长率又经历了一次大幅回落，从1997年的最高点4.3%下滑至1998年仅为-1.8%的最低水平。此后，该数据轻微上涨，在2001年达到-0.2%。

其他亚洲国家的GDP增长率也出现了波动。1995年，其GDP增长率为8%，并且在1997年以前一直保持不变。随后，该数值急剧下滑，降至1998年的-0.2%。而后又出现了一次急剧的上涨，在2000年数值回升至6.1%。从那时起再未出现大幅的波动。

总体来看，美国的经济状况比图表中列出的其他国家略微稳定。

第二章 柱状图

The bar chart illustrates different means of transportation people from other countries in New Zealand adopted during the year 2000.

As is indicated in the graph，travellers from Korea were extremely passionate about coach tours，because almost 77% of them made that choice.The same is true with 65% of Japanese visitors.In contrast，people from Australia，United Kingdom and Germany appear to have shown the least interest in coach tours.

Likewise，domestic air travel enjoyed the greatest popularity among overseas visitors from Japan，with the percentage reaching as high as 68%.Comparatively speaking，people from other nations were less interested in this method of travelling，especially the Australians，whose percentage was as low as 19%.

Regarding ferry，rental cars and private cars，they were more welcome by western citizens.For instance，the British mostly used ferries and the percentage hit at 29%.Over 42% of German visitors chose to travel in rental cars and private cars.Conversely，Asian citizens from Korea and Japan displayed little interest in them.This truth was reflected in the smaller percentage of less than 10%.

Overall，it can be inferred from the chart that the westerners and the Asians differed a great deal in their favourite types of transport.参考译文：

该柱状图展现2000年在新西兰的外国人所使用的不同交通工具。

据图表显示，韩国游客对乘长途公交车游览极其热衷，因为他们之中有大约77%的人选择了这种旅游方式，而65%的日本游客也做出了同样的选择。相比之下，来自澳大利亚、英国和德国的游客似乎对乘长途公交车游览的兴趣最少。

同样，国内航空旅行最受日本游客的欢迎，他们之中有68%的人选择乘飞机。相比较而言，其他国家的游客对这种旅行方式的喜爱程度较低，尤其是澳大利亚游客，他们之中只有19%的人对此感兴趣。

说到渡船、租赁汽车和私家车，它们更受西方人欢迎。例如，英国人喜欢使用渡船，乘船者所占比重达29%。而超过42%的德国游客选择租车和开私家车旅行。与之相反，来自亚洲的韩国人和日本人则对这些几乎不感兴趣。他们所占的少于10%的比例就反映出这个事实。

总之，从图表中可推断，西方人与亚洲人在其喜爱的交通工具上存在着巨大的差异。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below show the percentage of 24—35-year-old people who have higher education qualification in five countries in 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示2001年在5个国家拥有高等教育资历的24岁至35岁人员所占的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The bar chart reflects the percentage comparison of men and women who have obtained certificates of higher learning among five different countries during the year 2001.

Needless to say，Japan boasted the largest number of people with qualifications of higher education.Around 49% of its female population and 47% of its male population succeeded in obtaining the certificates.Americans just fell a little behind the Japanese in this regard，with the percentage of females reaching 45% and that of males reaching 43%.In Britain，the difference between men and women appeared to be the smallest.The female percentage was 41% and males took up 40.5%.

As the chart shows，Switzerland is the only country in which the general education level of males was much higher than that of females in 2001.It is exhibited that 32% of men accomplished their education qualifications.By contrast，only 21% of women did as well as their male counterparts.Germany had the smallest group of people with certificates of higher learning，with female and male percentage accounting for only 11% and 8% respectively.

To sum up，young Japanese adults must have paid greater attention to furthering their education than others，while the Germans showed the least interest in obtaining certificates of higher learning.参考译文：

该柱状图比较了2001年5个不同国家中已获得高等教育证书的男女所占的比重。

毋庸赘言，在日本拥有高等教育资历的人数最多。约49%的女性和47%的男性成功地取得了证书。在这方面美国紧随其后，有45%的女性和43%的男性获得了此类证书。在英国，男女之间的差距最小，女性的比重为41%，男性占40.5%。

图表显示，2001年，瑞士是男性整体受教育水平高于女性的唯一国家。32%的男子获得了教育资历。相比之下，仅有21%的女子可与他们匹敌。德国的高等教育证书持有者人数最少，男性的比重和女性的比重分别为11%和8%。

总体来看，比起其他国家的青年，日本青年想必更注重求学深造，而德国人对取得高等教育证书最不感兴趣。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The bar chart below shows three main causes of land damage in four different regions.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列柱状图显示导致4个地区的土地受损的3个主要因素。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。The main causes of land damage

The bar chart compares the areas of land damage due to three major causes：tree cutting，breeding and farming.

It is evident that Africa and Asia make the top 2 continents that suffer from the most serious land damage among the four regions.500 million hectares of land has been affected by breeding in Africa.Over 390 million hectares of Asian land has also fallen victim to animals that caused the deterioration of land.The hugest problem in Asia appears to be the felling of trees，because 440 million hectares of its land has been destroyed by deforestation.Farming becomes another contributor of the land problem in Asia，accounting for 420 million hectares of land damage.

By contrast，the situation in Australia and Europe is not so serious as in Africa and Asia.In Australia，breeding has caused the biggest trouble； the area harmed by animals accounting for 210 million hectares.Tree cutting and farming together damaged 150 million hectares of land there.In Europe，these three major causes have led to a total of only 290 million hectares of land damage.

Consequently，in the face of the serious land problems，all countries ought to enhance their awareness，especially countries in Africa and Asia that suffer the most severe land damage.参考译文：

该柱状图比较了3个主要因素所导致的土地受损的面积，这3个因素为：树木砍伐、放牧和农耕。

很明显，非洲和亚洲是这4个地区中土地受损情况最严重的两大洲。在非洲，5亿公顷的土地因放牧而遭受影响。在亚洲，超过3.9亿公顷的土地也惨遭动物的损害。亚洲的最大问题在于树木的砍伐，那里有4.4亿公顷的土地因森林砍伐而遭到破坏。农耕是导致亚洲土地问题的另一个原因，4.2亿公顷土地因农耕受损。

相比之下，澳大利亚和欧洲的情况没有非洲和亚洲那么严重。在澳大利亚，放牧造成了最大的麻烦，被动物损害的土地占2.1亿公顷。因树木砍伐和农耕而受损的土地总共达1.5亿公顷。在欧洲，由于这3个主要因素而受损的土地面积总共仅为2.9亿公顷。

因此，面对严峻的土地问题，所有国家都应提高意识，尤其是非洲和亚洲的那些土地受损最为严重的国家。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the distances travelled by different means of transport in the UK in 1900 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1900年和2000年在英国不同的交通工具所行驶的距离。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The bar chart demonstrates the distances covered by several ways of transport which the British citizens adopted in 1900 and in 2000.

It is evident in the graph that buses and trains were the two major means of transportation.In 1900，buses completed a distance of 46 billion km.Longer distance was covered by buses in 2000，reaching 49 billion km.Likewise，trains travelled 38 billion km in 1900 and 100 years later，the figure rose to 49 billion km，almost the same level as that of buses.

In contrast，bicycles travelled the shortest distance.People only finished 5 billion km by bike in 1900.With the elapse of time，even fewer killometres were completed by cyclists，with the number falling to 4 billion in 2000.The situation of motorbikes is almost similar，although the distance appears to be a little longer than that finished by bicycles.As for the plane，the distance grew from 3 billion km in 1900 to 8 billion in 2000.

To sum up，all these five transportation methods combined travelled 99 billion km in 1900.This number increased by 11 billion at stthe beginning of the 21 century.参考译文：

该柱状图展现1900年和2000年英国公民使用的几种交通工具所行驶的距离。

图中显示，公共汽车和火车是两种主要的交通工具。1900年，公共汽车的行驶里程达460亿千米。2000年公共汽车行驶了更长的距离，达490亿千米。同样地，1990年火车行驶了380亿千米，100年之后，增至490亿千米，几乎与公共汽车行驶的公里数持平。

相比之下，自行车行驶的里程最短。1900年，人们骑自行车仅仅完成了50亿千米的行程。随着时间的流逝，骑自行车的人行驶的里程更短了，2000年时缩至40亿千米。摩托车的情况基本相同，尽管比自行车完成的距离稍微长一些。飞机飞行的里程从1900年的30亿千米延长至2000年的80亿千米。

总之，1900年这5种交通工具总共行驶了990亿千米。21世纪初，公里总数又增加了110亿。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 1989.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示，较之1989年的平均房价，1990年至2002年期间5座不同城市的平均房价所产生的变化。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Percentage change in average house prices in five cities1990—2002 compared with 1989

The bar chart reveals the rate of change in average house prices during the 12 years from 1990 to 2002 compared with the price data in 1989.

According to the figures indicated in the graph，in the early 1990s，house prices in three of these cities experienced a negative trend.Among them，the rate of Tokyo in Japan and that of London in the UK was equal to -7%.The percentage change in New York also fell to negative 5%.Frankfurt saw a slight increase of 4%.It was followed by Madrid whose house prices rose by 3% within this period of time.th

During the last few years in the 20 Century and the first three years in the new millennium，a higher degree of fluctuations occurred to the five major cities in the world.The houses in the city of London became the most expensive dramatically hiking by over 19% to 12%.

New York also underwent a sharp change，with house prices growing from -5% to 5%.Madrid and Frankfurt are the only two cities whose percentage never dropped below zero over the decade.In contrast，the change that took place in Tokyo seems to be the slightest.The rate increased a little from -7% to -5%.

Overall，except Tokyo，all the other four cities have witnessed considerable changes in house prices during the years between 1990 and 2002 as compared to the situation in 1989.参考译文：

该柱状图显示1990年至2002年这12年里的平均房价较之1989年数据的变化幅度。

根据图表中的数据，在20世纪90年代初期，这3座城市的房价经历了负增长趋势。其中，日本东京与英国伦敦的变化率均为-7%。纽约的变化率下滑至-5%。法兰克福的变化率小幅上涨了4%。马德里紧随其后，那里的房价在这段时期内上涨了3%。

在20世纪最后几年以及新千年的头3年，世界这5大城市的房价出现了更大幅度的波动。伦敦市的房价变得极其昂贵，涨至12%，共上涨了19%。

纽约的房价也经历了急剧的变动，涨幅从-5%升至5%。在这10年中，马德里与法兰克福是涨幅从未跌落到0以下的两座城市。相比之下，东京的房价发生的变化是最小的，涨幅从-7%略微升至-5%。

总的来说，除了东京，其他4座城市1990年至2002年的房价较之1989年的情况均发生了极大的变化。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示4个欧洲国家在6种消费品上的消费金额。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Amount spent on consumer goods

The bar graph illustrates the amount of money people from Britain，France，Italy and Germany spend on various kinds of consumer products.

According to the figures indicated in the chart，the British seem to be more interested in purchasing photographic film than the other three countries.175 thousand pounds is used to buy this sort of goods.There are also many fans of photography in France，because the French consume as much as 170 thousand pounds.In contrast，German consumers are the least fascinated by photographic film and CDs.They only spend 150 thousand pounds on each of the two.

Speaking of toys，the British are fascinated with the purchase of this item，taking 172 thousand pounds out of their purse to buy toys for children and for themselves.However，both the Italians and the French spend the same amount on toys.People from Britain spend the least amount of money on tennis racquets compared with other forms of products they purchase，while the French invest the smallest sums of money in tennis racquets compared with people in other countries.

In conclusion，the expenditures on consumer goods are the largest for the British，followed by the French and Italians.Germans tend to be more careful with their daily consumption.参考译文：

此柱状图描述了英国人、法国人、意大利人和德国人在各种消费品上的花销数额。

图中数据显示，英国人似乎比其他3个国家的公民更喜欢购买摄影胶卷，他们在这种商品上花费了17.5万英镑。法国也有不少摄影爱好者，因为他们为购买胶卷投入了17万英镑。相比之下，德国消费者则对胶卷和CD最不感兴趣，他们在两者上分别仅花费了15万英镑。

说到玩具，英国人很乐意购买此类物品，他们拿出了17.2万英镑为孩子和他们自己购买玩具。然而，意大利人和法国人在玩具上投入的金额相同。比起他们购买的其他商品，英国人在网球拍上花的钱最少，而法国是这几个国家里买网球拍花钱最少的国家。

总而言之，英国人在消费品上的开销最大，其次是法国和意大利。德国人则对日常消费显得更为谨慎。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrial countries in 1980 and 1990.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1980年和1990年发展中国家公民与工业发达国家公民的教育水平和科技参与水平。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Average years of schoolingSpending on Research & DevelopmentScientists and technicians per 1000 people

The data presented in the bar graphs compares the conditions of science and education in developing countries and industrialised countries in 1980 and in 1990 respectively.

In 1980，people from developing nations only spent an average of 2.5 years receiving school education，whereas their counterparts in developed nations devoted 8.5 years to studying at school.Even though 1 more year was added a decade later，the average years of schooling for industrialised countries have grown to 10.5 years.Owing to the limited time to be educated，the number of scientists and technicians in developing nations was far smaller than the number in developed nations.There were merely 10 science talents per 1000 people in 1980 and 15 in 1990.In contrast，42 out of 1000 were scientists and technicians in industrialised countries and the number was raised to 70 ten years later.

Needless to say，with greater importance attached to the scientific world，industrialised countries invested more heavily in doing related research and other projects.In 1980，160 billion US dollars was spent on research and development，the amount dramatically increasing to 350 billion in 1990.Obviously，the expenditures of developing nations in this aspect dropped from 50 billion US dollars to only 20 billion US dollars in 1990.

Overall，the education and scientific level of developing countries appears to be much lower than that of industrialised countries.Meanwhile，the stronger economic power of developed nations has enabled them to increase their investment in the advancement of science and technology.参考译文：

这些柱状图中显示的数据分别比较1980年和1990年发展中国家和工业发达国家的科学和教育情况。

1980年，发展中国家的公民平均仅用2.5年的时间接受教育，而发达国家的公民则将8.5年的时光用于上学。尽管10年之后发展中国家公民的受教育时间又增加了1年，工业发达国家公民的上学时长已经涨至10.5年了。由于受教育时间有限，发展中国家的科学家和技师的人数远远少于发达国家，1980年每千人里仅有10名科学人才。相比之下，在工业发达国家，每千人里就有42人是科学家和技师，10年后，增长至72人。

毋庸赘言，随着工业发达国家对科学领域的重视程度不断提高，他们为开展相关研究和其他项目投入的资金也更多了。1980年，发达国家在科研与开发上投入的资金为1600亿，此数额在1990年急剧增至3500亿。显然，发展中国家在这方面的投资从500亿美元下降到1990年的仅仅200亿美元。

总体来看，发展中国家的科教水平远远低于工业发达国家。与此同时，发达国家更强大的经济实力使其能够增加对科技发展的投资。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1999年澳大利亚不同级别的离校后教育资历以及拥有此类资历的男女所占的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Post-school qualifications in Australia according to gender 1999

The bar chart demonstrates the percentages taken up by male and female Australians with post-school qualifications in the last year thof the 20 century.

According to the graph，the number of male citizens who possess skilled vocational diplomas was the greatest，as they took over as much as 95% of all.In contrast，the proportion of ladies with this type of qualification was merely 10%.Obviously，the majority of women held undergraduate diplomas.The percentage reached 70%，which was 30% higher than their male counterparts.As for those who obtained a Bachelor’s degree，the difference between men and women was the smallest.

Speaking of people with postgraduate qualifications，males constituted the dominant group，as 70% of them acquired postgraduate diplomas and 60% of them received their Master’s degree.Women with such diplomas took up 30% and those with a higher degree stood at 40% of the entire female population.

Therefore，from the figures presented in the graph，we can easily arrive at a conclusion that men generally perform better in obtaining most of the post-school qualifications than women.参考译文：

该柱状图显示在20世纪最后一年拥有离校后教育资历的澳大利亚男性与女性所占的比重。

根据图示信息，拥有职业技能资历的男性公民最多，所占比重达95%。相比之下，获得此类资历的女性仅占10%。显然，大多数女性拥有本科文凭，所占比重为70%，比男性所占比重高30%。获得学士学位的男性与女性所占百分比的差距最小。

说到拥有研究生资历的人群，男性居于主导地位，因为有70%的男性取得了研究生文凭，60%的男性获得了硕士学位。拥有此类文凭的女性占女性人口的30%，而获得更高学位的女性占女性人口的40%。

于是，从图中数据我们很容易得出这样的结论：就大部分离校后获取教育资历而论，男性总体上优于女性。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示处于不同年龄阶段的学生学习的主要原因以及雇主给予他们的支持程度。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Reasons for study according to the age of studentsEmployer support，by age group（give of and help with fees）

The data revealed in the first bar chart is portraying two reasons why students of different ages choose to study and the second graph illustrates how supportive bosses are to their education.

Noticeably，younger people mostly learn with the purpose of landing a satisfactory job，especially those under 26.80% of them receive education for the sake of attaining a good career.In contrast，10% study hard merely because they are interested.As for those who have reached 49，interest constitutes their biggest reason for studies.70% of them are motivated by the passion and love of learning，while only 18% wish to pursue their career through further education.Speaking of people between 40 and 49，the percentage held for these two reasons stands at the same level of 41%.

According to the second bar chart，employers render the greatest support to young people under the age of 26.They receive 62% of the total support.Meanwhile，young adults between 26 and 29 are also big beneficiaries，with around 50% of the assistance accorded to them.People at their thirties are given the least support，holding only 32% of the total support.

To sum up，entering a suitable professional field encourages younger people to learn，whereas older people study largely for interest.These two typical age groups also obtain the largest amount of support from employers.参考译文：

柱状图一的数据揭示了不同年龄的学生选择去学习的两个原因；柱状图二体现了雇主对员工受教育的支持程度。

很明显，大多数青年人为了找到一份满意的工作而学习，尤其是26岁以下的人群，他们中有80%的人受教育就是为获得份好差事。相比之下，有10%的人仅仅由于兴趣而学习。而对于已到49岁的人来说，兴趣则是促使其学习的最主要因素。他们中有70%的人是由于热情与爱好而学习，仅有18%的人希望通过深造追求自己的事业。说到40岁至49岁的人群，出于这两个原因学习的人均占41%。

根据柱状图二，雇主们给予26岁以下青年人最大的支持，他们获得了62%的支持率。同时，26至29岁青年也是主要受益者，他们获得了约50%的支持率。30岁以上的人获得了最少的支持，所获支持率仅为32%。

总之，进入适合的职业领域鼓励青年去学习，而年龄较长者大都因兴趣而学习。这两个典型的年龄群也从雇主那里获得了最多的支持。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000，and the marital status of adult Americans in two of the years.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1970年至2000年美国的结婚率与离婚率，以及在其中的两年内成年美国人的婚姻状况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Number of marriages and divorces in the USA，1970—2000Marital status of adult Americans，1970 and 2000

The two bar charts introduce the data associated with marriages and divorces in the United States over the last three decades of the th20 Century.

As the first graph shows，within the ten-year period between 1970 and 1980，the number of marriages remained 2.5 million.However，divorce cases at that time went up from 1 million to 1.4 million in 1980.Since then，both the marriages and divorces kept decreasing gradually.In the year 2000，their number dropped to the lowest level ever.There were only 2 million and 1 million respectively.

According to the second bar chart that reveals the marital status of adults in the USA，married couples took up the largest portion，although the rate of marriage has experienced a slight decrease during the 30 years.The percentage fell from 70% in 1970 to 59% in 2000.In contrast，the divorce rate grew dramatically.Over this period，it increased almost 8 fold.As for unmarried singles，the number rose by 5 million.Speaking of widows and widowers，only a tiny difference exists between 1970 and 2000.

Generally speaking，even though the total number of married and divorced couples dropped to a certain extent during these years，the divorce rate among American adults has undergone a dramatic increase.参考译文：

两柱状图介绍了20世纪最后30年美国人结婚和离婚的相关数据。

图一显示，1970年至1980年这10年期间，结婚总数停留在250万。然而，此时的离婚案例总数从100万升至1980年的140万。从那时起，结婚与离婚总数都在逐渐减少，在2000年降至最低水平，结婚总数与离婚总数分别仅为200万和100万。

柱状图二反映了美国成年人的婚姻状况，尽管在这30年里结婚率出现了轻微下滑，已婚夫妇仍占最大比重。结婚率从1970年的70%下降到2000年的59%。相比之下，离婚率却急剧上升，在此期间增长了将近8倍。未婚单身人数上涨了3500万。丧偶者人数在1970年至2000年期间差异很小。

总而言之，尽管这些年已婚和离婚夫妇的总数有一定程度的减少，美国人的离婚率经历了大幅度增长。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below shows how students feel about the library and its opening hours.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示学生对校图书馆及其开放时间的看法。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。The libraryOpening hours

The first bar chart demonstrates how full-time and part-time students judge the school library and the second indicates their varied attitudes towards its opening hours.

In general，full-time students feel much better about the conditions of the library than their part-time counterparts.They tend to be very satisfied with the library，with the percentage standing at 55%.By contrast，part-time students who express their satisfaction with the library account for 31%.Meanwhile，part-time students completely satisfied only take up 22%.As a matter of fact，almost half of them are totally dissatisfied，yet only 13% of full-time students feel the same way.

As for the opening hours，87% of full-time students and 72% of part-time students agree that they are very satisfied.Full-time students who are completely satisfied with the opening hours only take up 12%.There are more part-time students expressing their utmost contentment with the opening timetable of the library，and their percentage is 23%.Very few students are completely dissatisfied，because merely 1% of full-time students and 5% of part-time students are extremely unhappy about the opening hours.

In summary，full-time students are being more positive about their library compared with those who are studying part-time at the school.参考译文：

第一个柱状图展现了全日制学生和非全日制学生对校图书馆的评价；第二个柱状图显示出他们对图书馆开放时间所持有的不同态度。

总的来说，较之非全日制学生，全日制学生对图书馆状况的感觉更好些。他们对图书馆很满意，满意率达55%。相比之下，对图书馆表示满意的非全日制学生占31%。同时，表示完全满意的非全日制学生仅占22%。实际上，几乎有半数的非全日制学生对图书馆完全不满意，而仅有13%的全日制学生有同样的感觉。

对于开放时间，87%的全日制学生和72%的非全日制学生表示非常满意。对开放时间完全满意的全日制学生仅占12%。有更多的非全日制学生对图书馆的开放时间极其满意，比重为23%。很少学生完全不满意，因为只有1%的全日制学生和5%的非全日制学生对开放时间极度不满。

总体来看，全日制学生对图书馆的看法比非全日制学生的看法更好些。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the population decrease rate in four cities and the main reasons for the decrease.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示4座城市人口的减少率以及导致人口减少的主要原因。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The bar charts demonstrate the rates at which the population in Manchester，Birmingham，Liverpool and Edinburgh goes down，and also the factors contributing to the decrease.

It is noticeable from the first graph that the rate of decrease of population in the city of Liverpool ranks first among these four cities，because the number of citizens there drops at a rate of 41%.Birmingham also witnesses a fast speed of population decrease，with its figure climbing to 38%.Comparatively speaking，the population in Edinburgh shrinks at the lowest pace，and the rate is only 25%.

As is indicated in the second graph，the rampancy of crimes seems to be the biggest contributing factor to the lessening number of people inhabiting in UK cities.It accounts for as much as 63% of all the main reasons.Besides，serious pollution due to the dumping of rubbish and the interruption of noise constitutes another major cause.Rubbish and noise each takes over around 40%.Dissatisfaction with neighbours and the higher living costs are also part of the main reasons，holding 27% and 25% respectively.

In conclusion，there are many different factors that force people to leave their cities，which in turn causes the decrease in population.参考译文：

柱状图显示曼彻斯特、伯明翰、利物浦和爱丁堡人口的下降率，以及导致人口减少的原因。

从图一可以明显看出，利物浦的人口下降率位于这4座城市之首，因为那里的人口总数以41%的速率减少。伯明翰的人口下降速度也很快，速率升至38%。相比较而言，爱丁堡人口萎缩速度最慢，仅为25%。

据图二所示，犯罪的猖獗似乎是致使英国城市居民人数减少的最重要因素。它占所有主要原因的63%。此外，垃圾和噪音干扰导致的严重污染是另一个主要原因。垃圾与噪音各占40%。对邻居的不满和较高的生活成本也是部分主要原因，分别占27%和25%。

总之，有多种原因迫使人们离开自己的城市，进而导致人口的减少。

第三章 饼状图

The first pie chart demonstrates the reasons why people chose to leave the United Kingdom and the second indicates why people decide to stay there.

As is exhibited in the first chart，being able to join their family and friends is the cardinal reason why former inhabitants in the United Kingdom relocated.They account for as much as 39% of the total.Besides，the changeable weather conditions also forced people to leave Britain，a record of 24%.Interestingly，these top two reasons can also explain why people stayed.The percentage of people dwelling in the United Kingdom in order to be with their beloved accounts for 36%，though 3% less than the reason for leaving.As for weather，30% of the British inhabitants seem to love its changeable nature and chose to stay.

The percentages of people who left and stayed in the United Kingdom due to employment and financial conditions are almost the same，standing at 18% and 10% respectively.Life quality appears to be the smallest reason for both，as only 9% of the people left the United Kingdom owing to their dissatisfaction with the quality of living there，and only 6% of those stayed in the country for its good quality of life.

In conclusion，people in the UK attached greatest importance to their family and friends when considering whether to leave or stay in this country.参考译文：

第一个饼状图显示人们选择离开英国的原因，图二显示人们决定留在那里的原因。

根据图一，能够与家人、朋友团聚是英国以前的住户搬迁的最重要原因，他们占39%。另外，多变的天气状况也迫使人们离开英国，这些人占24%。有趣的是，这两大原因也可用来解释人们为何留了下来。为了能与亲人在一起而居留英国的人占36%，尽管比由于该原因而离开的人少3%。说到天气，有30%的英国居民似乎喜欢其多变性，并因此留下。

因就业情况与经济状况留在或离开英国的人所占的比重几近相同，分别为18%和10%。生活质量显然是人们去留的最小原因，只有9%的人由于对那里的生活质量不满而离开英国，只有6%的人由于那里生活质量好而留下来。

总的来说，英国居民在考虑去留问题时最注重家人和朋友。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the percentage of total time males and females use the Internet on different types of websites.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示男性与女性上网时用在不同类别网站的总时间所占的比率。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The two pie charts compare the percentage of time that men and women Internet users spend on various kinds of websites.

Noticeably，entertainment websites attract the largest number of netizens of both genders，but most especially men.According to the data in the charts，males who often visit such type of websites take up 40% of the total，and the percentage of females is 35%.

Shopping websites are more popular among males，because 20% of them frequently do shopping online.In contrast，only 10% of women prefer to make purchases through the Internet.Men also show much greater passion for sports on the Internet than women.19% of males are using websites related to sports.In contrast，women tend to be less interested in this aspect，with a proportion of only 9%.

Comparatively speaking，academic websites are more popular among women，whose percentage accounts for 20%.The rate of males who would love to use educational websites is only 12%.In addition，the majority of males have little interest in learning current events online.As a result，merely 2% of males visit news websites.

Overall，men and women differ a great deal with respect to their primary intentions of visiting different sorts of websites.参考译文：

这两个饼状图比较了男性与女性网民在各种网站上所花时间的比重。

显然，娱乐网站吸引了最多的网民，尤其是男性网民最多。图中数据显示，经常访问此类网站的男性占40%，而女性占35%。

购物网站更受男性欢迎，因为他们中有20%的人经常上网购物。相比之下，仅有10%的女性喜欢通过互联网购物。男性也比女性更热衷于网络上的体育。19%的男网民常访问体育相关网站。相比之下，女性对这方面兴趣较少，所占比重仅为9%。

比较而言，学术类网站更受女性欢迎，她们占20%的比重。而喜欢浏览教育网站的男性所占比例仅为12%。此外，大多数男性对上网了解时事几乎毫无兴趣。所以，只有2%的男性访问新闻网站。

总的来说，对于访问各类网站的初衷，男女差异很大。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The three pie charts below give information of people who play electronic games in South Korea in 2003.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列三个饼状图显示2003年在韩国玩电子游戏者的情况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。players by ageplayers by genderbest-selling games

The first two pie charts describe the player make-up of different age groups and of both genders.The third pie chart reflects several types of games which are most popular among buyers.

Apparently，the percentage held by 18-year-old gamers and those between 18 and 35 years old is almost the same，taking up 39% and 38% respectively.Citizens over 35 years old tend to show less enthusiasm for electronic games，only accounting for 23%.As is indicated in the second pie chart，there are many more men than women who are interested in playing electronic games.Doubtless，the majority of gamers are males，whose percentage goes up to 72%.Only 28% of women seem to be crazy about such kind of leisure activity.

According to the last pie chart，games featuring action are the hottest among customers，taking up more than 50% of the market shares.Sports games rank No.2，with their proportion reaching 28%.15% of the best-selling games are racing games.The rest，5%，is taken over by games related to education and others.

Overall，there are many more male fans of electronic games than female fans.Meanwhile，action games are what they are most passionate about.参考译文：

前两个饼状图描述了不同年龄、不同性别的玩家的构成比例；饼状图三反映出最受买家欢迎的几款游戏。

显然，18岁的游戏玩家所占比例与18岁至35岁玩家所占比例几乎相同，分别占39%和38%。35岁以上的人对电子游戏的热情较低，仅占23%。根据图二所示，对玩电子游戏感兴趣的男性人数远远多于女性人数。毫无疑问，绝大部分玩家是男性，所占比重高达72%。仅有28%的女性似乎热衷于此类消遣活动。

最后一个饼状图显示，动作类游戏最受消费者青睐，占据了超过50%的市场份额。体育类游戏位居第二，占28%的市场份额。最佳畅销游戏的15%是赛车。剩余5%份额由教育类游戏和其他类游戏占据。

总体来看，电子游戏的男性爱好者远远多于女性爱好者，同时，动作类游戏是他们最为热衷的。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The two charts below show different ways people in Europe spent their leisure time in 1981 and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列两个饼状图分别显示1981年和2001年欧洲人度过休闲时光的不同方式。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。In 1981In 2001

The pie charts present diversified ways in which Europeans spent their free time in 1981 and what the situation became two decades later.

According to the first graph，watching television was the most popular in 1981.32% of holiday-takers would prefer to spend their leisure hours sitting before the television.Another attractive way was travelling，which appealed to 28% of the people on holiday.In 1981，communication between friends might have been very limited，because only 11% of them loved to chat with their friends.

Two decades later，watching television was no longer the best-loved holiday activity.Its percentage fell sharply to 10%.Meanwhile，playing computer games became even more popular than travelling.This brand new method of recreation was warmly accepted by 27% of holidaytakers，squeezing travelling to second position in percentage.The proportion held by travelling fell slightly to 23%.It is interesting to notice that mutual contacts between friends increased，the percentage rising to 20%.By contrast，fewer and fewer family members would like to communicate with each other，with the percentage shrinking to only 7%.

In conclusion，people’s leisure activities experienced some new changes upon our entry into the information age.参考译文：

饼状图展现了1981年欧洲人消磨闲暇时光的多种方式以及20年之后的变化情况。

根据图一所示，1981年最受欢迎的方式是看电视。32%的休假者情愿在电视机前度过闲暇时光。另外一个颇受喜爱的度假方式是旅行，这种方式吸引了28%的度假者。1981年，朋友之间的沟通似乎很有限，因为只有10%的人喜欢找朋友们聊天。

20年以后，看电视不再是最受喜爱的假日活动，其所占比例急剧降至10%。同时，玩电脑游戏的受欢迎程度超过了旅行。这种崭新的娱乐方式被27%的休假者欣然接受，超过旅行，占据第二位。旅行所占比重略微降至23%。有趣的是，朋友间的相互联系增加了，比重升至20%。相比之下，越来越少的家庭成员愿意进行彼此间的沟通，比重缩至仅7%。

总之，在跨入信息时代之后，人们的休闲活动经历了一些新变化。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The pie charts below illustrate the different ways people spend their working days in 1980 and in 2006.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列饼状图分别显示1980年和2006年人们度过工作日的不同方式。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。19801980

The pie charts demonstrate how people made use of their working hours in 1980 and the changes that took place in this aspect in 2006.

In 1980，when computers did not yet become prevalent，35% of the working hours used to be spent on paper documents and computers only took up 8%.26 years later，with the development of modern science and technology，28% of people’s working time was consumed before the computer.Meanwhile，the percentage of time spent in dealing with paper documents fell to only 17%.

In 2006，9% of the working time was spent sending and receiving e-mails.This was a new activity people in 1980 had never engaged in.

According to the pie charts，oral communication among colleagues was much better in 1980，because 15% of the working time was spent in talking then.By contrast，the percentage shrank to merely 9% in 2006.The same is true with telephone communication，whose percentage dropped from 13% to 6%.

Apparently，in addition to the conventional daily activities at work，people also took advantage of 17% of the working hours to conduct other businesses in 2006.参考译文：

饼状图显示1980年人们是如何利用工作时间的以及2006年这方面发生的变化。

1980年，当电脑还未普及时，35%的工作时间被用在了处理纸质文件之上，而操作电脑仅占用了8%的工作时间。26年之后，随着现代科技的发展，人们将28%的工作时间都花费在了电脑屏幕前。同时，处理纸质文件的时间比重下降至仅17%。

2006年，9%的工作时间被用于收发电子邮件，这是人们在1980年未曾涉足的新事项。

根据图示信息，1980年同事间口头交流的情况更好，因为那时有15%的工作时间被用来进行交谈。相比之下，2006年该数据降至9%。电话交流的情况也相同，其比重从13%降至6%。

显然，除了传统的日常工作活动以外，人们在2006年也抽出17%的工作时间处理其他事务。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981，1991 and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列三个饼状图分别显示1981年、1991年和2001年某英国学校的年度支出上发生的变化。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Total School Spending 1981Total School Spending 1991Total School Spending 2001

The three pie charts illustrate five different areas that schools need to spend money on，and compare their percentage make-up in 1981，1991 and 2001 respectively.

Generally speaking，teachers’ payment held the largest portion of the total school spending in all these three periods.Among them，1991 saw the biggest raise in the salaries of teaching staff.The percentage grew from 40% to 50% that year，despite a 5% drop ten years later.

It is noticeable that school authorities attached increasingly great importance to insurance，whose proportion went up from 2% to 8% in 2001.

Without doubt，the salaries of other workers’ kept going down over these three decades.Their percentage dropped by 13% in the new century.

Meanwhile，in 1991，schools appeared to invest heavily in such resources as books，which consumed 20% of the total amount，and which later fell dramatically to 9% in 2001.Interestingly，furniture and stequipment only held 5% in 1991.However，at the beginning of the 21 Century，the figure jumped to 23%.

Overall，great changes took place in the way schools spend money over the thirty years.参考译文：

这三个饼状图显示学校需投入资金的五个方面，并比较了它们分别在1981年、1991年和2001年的百分比构成情况。

总的来说，这3年里教师工资占学校支出总额的最大比重。其中，1991年时教师工资的涨幅最大，比重从40%增至那年的50%，尽管10年后又减少了5%。

显然，校方越来越重视保险了，对保险的投入比重从2%增至2001年的8%。

毫无疑问，这30年里其他职工的工资持续下降，到了新世纪，其所占投入比重削减了13%。

此外，在1991年，学校对图书之类的资源投入巨大，占总投资的20%，之后又急剧降至2001年的9%。有趣的是，1991年，学校对设备和器材的投资仅占5%，然而，在21世纪初，比重却增至23%。

总之，在这30年期间，学校的资金使用方式发生了巨大的变化。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The following two pie charts compare the main reasons for students’ choosing a particular university in 1982 and in 2002.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列两个饼状图比较了1982年和2002年学生选择某特定高校的主要原因。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。In 1982In 2002

The two pie charts reflect the percentage of reasons why students chose to study in a certain university in 1982 and in 2002.

In 1982，when it was time to enter a university，36% of high school-leavers would first consider the courses they were about to take in their future college years.Location was another major factor，with 28% of the students preferring to pursue their higher education in a university near their parents’ home.Moreover，20% of students attached great importance to the quality of teachers and 16% of them were willing to select a university that would offer rich opportunities to take part in various sports and social activities.

Two decades later，there were fewer students who chose a particular university just because of the suitable courses being taught there.The percentage dropped a little to 33%.At the beginning of the new century，students seemed to show more enthusiasm for sports and social activities than in the past.28% of them would rather study in an environment with colourful activities.Obviously，students appeared to be more independent in 2002，because the percentage of students who would love to be closer to their parents fell to 20%.

To sum up，students gradually changed their attitude toward the chief reasons for college selection upon entry into the new century.参考译文：

这两个饼状图反映了1982年和2002年学生选择大学的各种原因所占的百分比。

1982年，当入学时间到来时，36%的中学毕业生首先会考虑他们在未来大学生涯中将要学习的课程。学校位置是另一个主要因素，有28%的学生情愿在离父母家近的高校里深造。此外，20%的学生重视教师素质，16%的学生愿意选择一所提供丰富的参与各种体育和社会活动的大学。

20年以后，仅仅由于学校所授的课程合适而选择某大学的学生人数减少了。此类学生所占比例略有下降，为33%。在新世纪之初，学生似乎比过去更热衷于体育和社会活动了。23%的学生希望能在拥有多彩活动的环境中学习。显然，2002年时学生变得更加独立了，因为想离父母近的学生比重降至15%。

总的来说，进入新世纪之后，学生对选择大学的主要原因的态度逐渐发生了变化。

第四章 表格题

The table presents the proportion of youngsters engaged in various fields of work in a certain nation in 2005 and in 2010 respectively.

According to the data presented in the table，the sectors whose popularity has been enhanced include agriculture，business，the catering industry and others.Among them，the employment rate of shops，restaurants and hotels exhibits the biggest degree of change，from 20% in 2005 to 32% in 2010.Meanwhile，in 2005，5% of young people served in the area of agriculture.Five years later，the figure grew to 8%.The percentage of those involved in business also rose by 3%，reaching 10% in 2010.

By contrast，the number of young employees in manufacturing，social services and transport shrunk to some extent during these five years.In 2005，34% of them worked in the social service sector.However，this field lost its popularity in 2010，with its rate falling to 22%.The drop in percentage also occurred in the sectors of manufacturing and transport.

Overall，the service industry attracted the largest number of young people，while the field of transport employed the smallest number of young people.参考译文：

该表格显示2005年和2010年某国从事各种行业的年轻人所占的比例。

根据表格中的数据，受欢迎程度提高的领域包括农业、商业、餐饮业和其他行业。其中，商店、餐厅和宾馆的年轻人从业率呈现出最大幅度的变化，从2005年的20%升至2010年的32%。此外，在2005年有5%的年轻人从事农业。5年以后，比例升至8%。涉足商业的年轻人所占比重在2010年也增加了3%，达到10%。

相比之下，从事制造业、社会服务业和运输业的年轻雇员的人数在这5年里有一定程度的减少。2005年，有34%的年轻人从事社会服务业。然而，2010年时此领域的热度降低了，年轻人从业比重下滑至22%。从事制造业和运输业的年轻人比例同样也下降了。

总体来看，服务业吸引了最多的年轻人，而运输业则聘用了最少的年轻人。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about the annual salaries of five employment sectors in Australia in 2006.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示2006年澳大利亚5个行业领域的年收入状况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The data shown in the table reflects the salary conditions of Australian employees in five fields of work during the year 2006.

Apparently，people engaged in sales received the highest salary，with a maximum amount of 56，380 dollars per year.The bottom line of salespersons’ income was 22，320 dollars，which was also a little higher than the other sectors presented in the table.

By contrast，teachers’ salary level appears to be extremely low.The maximum amount of pay only added up to 20，346 dollars.In addition，the minimum salary received by engineers is even lower than that of teachers.Without doubt，there existed the biggest salary gap within the engineering field，over 26，000 dollars of payment difference.Conversely，the salary level among those working in IT & telecommunication industry is relatively even，with the gap being the smallest of all.

To conclude，the average salary level of salespeople，IT workers and engineers is higher than that of teachers and nurses.参考译文：

表格中的数据反映了2006年从事5种行业的澳大利亚员工的工资状况。

显然，销售行业员工的工资水平最高，最高年收入达56380美元。销售人员的最低年收入为22320美元，同样略微高于表格中列出的其他行业。

相比之下，教师的工资水平极其低下。他们的最高年收入仅为20346美元。此外，工程师的最低年薪甚至低于教师。毋庸置疑，在工程领域存在着最大的收入差距，差值超过26000美元。恰恰相反，从事信息技术和电信行业的人员工资水平较为均衡，他们之间的收入差距最小。

总的来说，销售人员、IT从业者和工程师的平均工资水平高于教师和护士。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the average number of people living in one household in five different countries in 1995，2000 and 2015.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示1995年、2000年和2015年5个不同国家的家庭平均构成人数。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table illustrates the average size of families within five countries in three years respectively.The households in the United Kingdom appear to be the smallest compared with China，Singapore，Mexico and Pakistan.

According to the data，the countries whose households are projected to become smaller during the 25 years include the United Kingdom，China and Mexico.In 1995，an average of 3.7 people lived under one roof in Britain.This number fell to 3.3 five years later.In 2015，the size of British families will possibly shrink to 2.7 persons per household.The same trend is reflected in the data of China and Mexico.The average number dropped from 4.7 to 3.7 in China； and from 5.4 to 4.6 in Mexico.As is predicted，the number will continue to fall in 2015 in both nations.

Apparently，the family size of Pakistan is the largest among the five countries，with an average number of 8.2 in 1995.The figure rose to as many as 10 in 2000.However，the table reveals that the number may go down a little to 8.9 in 2015.Singapore is the only country where households might go on expanding over the 25 years.The figure grew from 4.2 in 1995 to 4.8 in 2000 and is expected reach 5.6 in 2015.

Overall，in most regions，the average size of families may become smaller in the coming years.参考译文：

该表格展现在3年中5个国家家庭的平均构成人数。较之中国、新加坡、墨西哥和巴基斯坦的家庭，英国的家庭是最小的。

数据显示，在25年内家庭预计会变小的国家包括英国、中国和墨西哥。1995年，在英国平均3.7人居于同一屋檐下。5年后减少至3.3人。2015年，英国家庭的平均构成人数可能会缩减至2.7人。中国与墨西哥的数据也体现出相同的趋势。中国的平均值从4.7降至3.7，墨西哥的数据则从5.4降至4.6。预计这两国的数据将在2015继续下降。

显然，巴基斯坦家庭是这5个国家中规模最大的，1995年平均由8.2人构成。2000年增至10人。然而，图中数据显示，其家庭平均人数预计在2015年会小幅缩减至8.9人。新加坡是这25年中家庭规模持续扩大的唯一国家。其数值从1995年的4.2增长至2000年的4.8，估计在2015年将达5.6。

总的来说，大多数地区家庭的平均构成人数在未来可能会减少。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the percentage of people in different age groups using the Internet for different reasons in the UK.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示在英国以不同原因上网且属于不同年龄群的人员所占的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The data shown in the table reflects the varied purposes of Internet users of different age groups in Britain.

Comparatively speaking，to send and receive emails constitutes the foremost purpose of people who go online，especially those netizens over the age of 55.40% of them use the Internet to communicate with others through mails.

According to the figures revealed in the table，the second major reason why people use the web lies in the fact that rich sources of information on goods and services are available for them online.Young adults between 25 and 35 years old and people older than 55 tend to show the greatest interest in such type of websites，with their percentage hitting 35%.

It is interesting to notice that people over the age of 45 never enter cyber chat rooms at all.The number of older netizens who go online for net surfing，education and banking is in general lower than people in the younger age groups.

Therefore，from the table，we can conclude that people go online with diversified reasons.Moreover，different age groups demonstrate difference in their choices of Internet activities.参考译文：

表格中的数据反映了英国不同年龄的网民的各种上网目的。

比较而言，收发电子邮件是人们上网的首要目的，尤其是55岁以上的网民。他们中有40%的人通过电子邮件与别人在网上交流。

表格中的数据显示，人们上网的第二大原因就在于从网络上可以获得有关商品和服务项目的丰富信息资源。25至35岁的年轻人以及55岁以上的人对此类网站最感兴趣，他们所占比重达35%。

有趣的是，45岁以上的人从不进入网络聊天室。为上网冲浪、受教育和处理银行业务而上网的年长者的人数总体上少于年龄较小的网民人数。

因此，从表格信息我们得知人们上网的目的各异。另外，不同年龄群在选择上网活动时也呈现出差异。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the percentage of females working in government and those working as managers in five different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示在5个不同国家供职于政府部门的女性以及担任经理的女性所占的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table reveals the percentage taken up by female government officials and women who serve as managers in Canada，Norway，Italy，Austria and Trinidad and Tobago.

According to the data，Trinidad and Tobago possesses the greatest number of females working for governmental organs compared with the other four countries.Their percentage is 16%.Besides，women managers account for more than half of the whole population being employed.The percentage of women with positions in the government is also large in Italy，reaching 15%.Italian female managers take up 36% of the total.

In contrast，women government officials only hold 8% of the entire working population in Austria，where 32% of the total are female managers.As is shown in the table，Canada is the country with the smallest proportion of female managers，at only 23%.The percentage of women government officials there is also minimal，being merely 12%.

Overall，the number of females working as managers is a little larger than that of women government officials in all the five nations presented in the table.参考译文：

表格反映出加拿大、挪威、意大利、奥地利、特立尼达和多巴哥的女政府官员和女经理所占的比例。

表格中的数据显示，比起其他四国，特立尼达和多巴哥拥有最多的女政府官员。她们所占比重为16%。此外，该国女经理占整个从业人口的一半以上。意大利女政府官员所占比重也很大，达15%。意大利女经理占36%。

相比之下，女政府官员仅占整个奥地利就业人口的8%，而奥地利女经理所占比重为32%。据图表所示，加拿大的女经理占的比例最小，仅为23%。那里的女政府官员也很少，仅占12%。

总的来说，在表格列出的5个国家中，女经理的人数略微多于女政府官员的人数。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about the situation of marriage from 1960 to 2000 in Australia.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示1960年至2000年期间澳大利亚的婚姻状况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table presents the total number of religious marriages and civil marriages in Australia as well as the average ages of Australian newly-wedded couples.

According to the table，the married population was the smallest in 1960，with only 8，000 civil marriages and 25，000 religious marriages.In addition，people got married at the earliest age.The average age of brides was 21 and that of bridegrooms was 24.The year 1980 saw the boom of religious weddings，because the number rose sharply to 50，000.It was a two-fold increase over the figure recorded a decade ago.

As time went by，there were fewer religious marriages in the 1990s，whereas the number of civil marriages kept growing rapidly.In 2000，40，000 couples registered for civil marriage.What is more，the average age of new couples was the oldest then.Both men and women preferred to marry later than in the past，the average age of brides reaching 30 years old in 2000.

Therefore，we can reach a conclusion that people accepted civil marriages in the new century.Meanwhile，more and more couples chose to marry at an older age.参考译文：

该表格呈现澳大利亚宗教婚姻的总数和民事婚姻的总数以及澳大利亚新婚夫妇的平均年龄。

根据图示信息，1960年已婚人口数量最少，仅有8000例民事婚姻和25000例宗教婚姻。此外，人们结婚时的年龄最小，新娘的平均年龄为21岁，新郎的平均年龄为24岁。1980年宗教婚礼盛行，因为举办次数急剧增长至50000。这比10年前纪录的数据增加了两倍。

随着时间的推移，在20世纪90年代宗教婚姻减少了，而民事婚姻却迅速增加。2000年，有40000对夫妇进行了民事婚姻登记。此外，那时新婚夫妇的平均年龄是最大的。男女都愿意比过去更晚结婚，2000年新娘的平均年龄已达30岁。

因此，我们可推知在新世纪人们接受了民事婚姻。同时，越来越多的夫妇选择了晚婚。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the expenditures of four British car manufacturers on advertising and the use ratio of five types of advertising.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示4家英国汽车制造商的广告支出以及5种类别的广告的使用率。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table lists four automobile companies’ advertising costs and their proportion of advertising expenditure.

According to the table，Company A’ s total investment in advertising is the same as Company B，both reaching 57 million dollars.Their amount is the largest among the four.Company C consumes 40 million dollars so as to promote their own car brand through advertising.By contrast，D only spends 36 million，which is also the smallest investment in this respect.

Comparatively speaking，the press is the most welcomed by Company C，because 52% of their expenditure goes to this type of advertising.B and D never use cinema as a platform to sell their products，making no investment at all with this media.Radio advertising is much more preferred by C than the other three companies，with 33% of their total investment distributed to radio stations.A’s most favourite channel of advertising is the television，on which 48 % of its whole sums of capital for advertising is spent.The same is true with D，whose percentage accounts for 37%.

In conclusion，all these enterprises appear to heavily rely on advertisements to market their cars，most especially with the press.参考译文：

该表格列出了4家汽车公司的广告开销及其广告支出所占的比重。

根据图表信息，A公司的广告投入总额与B公司相同，均达到5700万美元，他们也是4个公司中花钱最多的。C公司花费4000万美元做广告以推广自己的品牌。相比之下，D公司仅仅投入了3600万美元，也是在这方面投入最少的。

比较而言，媒体最受C公司欢迎，因为有52%广告开销都用于投放媒体广告。B公司和D公司从不将电影院用作推销产品的平台，它们未向此类媒体投入任何资金。比起其他3个公司，C公司更喜欢在广播上做广告，其支付给电台的广告费占广告支出总金额的33%。A公司最热衷于电视广告，在这方面的投入占48%。D公司也倾向于做电视广告，投入额占37%。

总的来说，所有这些企业都十分依赖广告来推广自己的汽车产品，他们尤其青睐媒体广告。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the population figures of four countries in 2003 and projected figures for 2025 and 2050.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示2003年4个国家的人口数据以及对2025年和2050年人口数据的预测。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table indicates the number of people living in Argentina，USA，Italy and Republic of Korea in 2003 and the predicted data in 2025 and in 2050.

It is noticeable that USA has the largest population among these four countries.In 2003，the number of American citizens was 238 million.This figure is expected to rise to 274 million in 2025.The growing trend may continue and by the year 2050，there might be as many as 312 million people living in the United States.

According to the table，Italy is the only country whose population stis likely to decrease during the first half of the 21 century.In 2003，the total number of Italian nationals was 54 million.It is expected to fall to 47 million in 2025 and will be two million less in 2050.

The population in Argentina might grow from 34 million in 2003 to 62 million by 2050.

As for the Republic of Korea，48 million people inhabited there in 2003.22 years later，the size of the population might also become bigger，reaching 52 million.From then，the number will remain at the same level in the next 25 years’ time.

Overall，except Italy，all the other three nations will experience an increase in their population during the next few decades.参考译文：

该图表显示2003年居住在阿根廷、美国、意大利和韩国的人口数量以及对2025年和2050年数据的预测。

从表格中明显可以看出，美国的人口是这4个国家中最多的。2003年，美国居民人数达2.38亿。此数字预计在2025年将增至2.74亿，该国人口增长趋势还将持续，预计到2050年，可能将有3.12亿人口在美国常住。

根据表格信息，意大利是人口在21世纪上半叶有可能减少的唯一国家。2003年，那里的人口总数为5400万，2025年估计会降至4700万，而到2050年时又将减少200万。

预计阿根廷的人口可能会从2003年的3400万增至2050年的6200万。

说到韩国，2003年，有4800万人口居住在那里。22年之后韩国人口可能会增长到5200万。从那时起，在接下来的25年内，该国人口数量将保持不变。

总体来看，在未来的几十年，除了意大利，其他3个国家都将经历人口的增长。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The tables below show the results of a research on the average percentage of marks scored by boys and girls of different ages in several school subjects.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information.You should write a minimum of 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格有关一项调查的结果，显示不同年龄的男生和女生在若干学科上所得分数的平均百分比。请给大学讲师写一则报告描述表格信息。报告不少于150字。

Boys：

Girls：

The tables indicate the average scores of five school subjects obtained by boys and girls of different ages.

Generally speaking，the subject in which boys do a much better job than girls is sports.Boys between 7 and 15 years old could achieve an average score of over 70 points in sports.Among them，15-year-old boys perform the best，with their average marks reaching 78.The scores of girls in sports are lower，at the level below 70 points.

Girls show greater aptitude for languages，especially those at the age of 15.An average of 75 points is exhibited as obtained by girls in this area.Conversely，boys at 15 are the poorest at languages，because most of them could not even pass the language tests，their average score being only 58.

Meanwhile，in science and geography，boys do a little better than girls，with their marks fluctuating around 70.As for maths，both turn out to be the same，their points being above 60.

Overall，boys are mostly good at sports and science-related subjects，whereas girls tend to be more interested in learning languages.参考译文：

表格显示不同年龄的男生和女生在5个学科上的平均得分。

总的来说，男孩比女孩擅长的科目是体育。7岁至15岁的男孩在体育上的平均得分为70分以上。其中，15岁的男生表现最佳，他们的平均成绩达到了78分。女生的体育成绩较低，平均成绩还不到70分。

女生的语言能力更强，尤其是15岁的女生。表格显示，女生在语言科目上的平均成绩为75分。恰恰相反，15岁的男生语言学得最差，因为他们中绝大多数人甚至考试不及格，其平均成绩仅为58分。

此外，在科学和地理方面，男生比女生略占优势，他们的平均成绩在70分左右。对于数学，男生和女生表现相当，成绩均在60分以上。

总之，男生大都擅长体育和科学相关科目，而女生则更喜欢学习语言。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示1999年在澳大利亚不同类别的贫困家庭所占的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table reveals the statistical data regarding the percentage held by members from various household types whose living standard was below the poverty line in Australia in 1999.

Altogether，seven different kinds of families are listed.Among them，the proportion of those from households with sole parents was the highest，reaching 21%.This figure was followed by families with single people having no children.Comparatively speaking，even though the percentage taken up by those from families made up of couples with children was only 12%，their number was the largest，reaching 933，000.

The percentage of poverty-stricken households with aged couples was the lowest compared to the other types of families.It stood at a mere 4%.Meanwhile，the population of this kind was also the smallest，with only 48，000 people counted.The percentage of those from households with single aged persons and couples without children was not high.

Overall，it can be inferred from the table that people from households with single people had the highest rate of poverty.参考译文：

图表揭示了1999年澳大利亚不同类型贫困家庭的成员所占比重的统计数据。

表格总共罗列了7种家庭。其中来自单亲家庭的人所占比例最大，达到21%。比重大小紧随其后的是无子女单身家庭的成员。比较而言，尽管有子女的夫妇家庭的成员所占比重仅为12%，他们的人数却是最多的，达93.3万。

较之其他类型的家庭，由年长夫妇构成的贫困家庭所占比重最小，仅占4%。同时，构成此类家庭的人口数量也是最少的，仅有4.8万人。来自单身老年人家庭和无子女夫妇家庭的成员所占比重并不大。

总之，从图表中我们可推断，来自单身家庭的人口生活贫穷的最多。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示6座城市的地铁系统的情况。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table introduces the relevant information regarding underground railways in London，Paris，Tokyo，Washington D.C.，Kyoto and Los Angeles.

As is indicated in the table，London boasts the oldest underground railway，dating back to as early as 1863.It is also the longest among the railway lines in these six cities，stretching 394 kilometres.This century-old underground railway delivers 775 million passengers annually.

The underground railway opened in Tokyo in 1927 has the greatest capacity of passenger delivery，with the number of passengers reaching 1，927 million per year.

The youngest underground railway system is in Los Angeles，which was open to the public in 2001.

The shortest railway line is found in Kyoto，with a length of merely 11km.Moreover，its delivering capacity，around 45 million passengers each year，is also the lowest.参考译文：

该表格介绍了伦敦、巴黎、东京、华盛顿、京都和洛杉矶的地铁的相关信息。

如图表所示，伦敦拥有最古老的地铁，时间可追溯到1863年。伦敦地铁也是这6座城市中最长的，长达394千米。这条具有百年历史的地铁每年运送7.75亿旅客。

1927年开通的东京地铁拥有最强大的旅客承载力，每年运送旅客人数达19.27亿。

洛杉矶拥有最年轻的地铁系统，它于2001年向公众开放。

京都的地铁线最短，仅有11千米。此外，其承载能力也最低，每年运送旅客4500万人次。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示1985至2000年期间英国在其旅行方式上产生的变化。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The table compares the average distance covered by each individual through diversified means of travel in 1985 and in 2000 respectively.

Noticeably，car drivers covered the longest distance of all.In 1985，the total miles covered came to 3，199.15 years later，the number rose to 4，806.It is interesting to discover from the data that people seem to be unwilling to take taxis，because only 13 miles were travelled this way in 1985.The distance travelled by bikes is also comparatively short.It dropped from 51 to 41 in 2000.

People in the 1980s used local buses more frequently than in 2000，when the number of miles experienced an obvious fall of 155.Conversely，greater attention was paid to long distance buses than before.In 1985，bus takers only covered a total of 54 miles.15 years later，the number grew to 124.Besides，according to the table，British people’s walking distance underwent a very minimal change over the years.参考译文：

该表格比较了1985年和2000年个人借助各种旅行方式走过的平均距离。

显然，小汽车驾驶者是其中行驶距离最长的。1985年，他们行使的英里数达3199英里。15年以后，增加至4806英里。有趣的是，从数据中我们发现人们似乎不愿意搭乘出租车，因为在1985年出租车行程仅为13英里。自行车走过的距离也相对较短，从51英里缩短至2000年的41英里。

20世纪80年代，人们更常乘坐本地公交车，而在2000年，公交车的行程明显地减少了155英里。恰恰相反，长途汽车比过去更受关注了。1985年，长途汽车旅客总共仅走过了54英里。15年以后，英里数增至124。此外，根据表格信息，英国人的步行距离在这些年经历的变化最小。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示2002年5个不同国家在不同商品上的消费开支。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category-2002

The figure indicated in the table is related to the percentage of national consumer spending in three sectors within five different countries in the year 2002.

As the data presents，people from Turkey tend to have shown the greatest passion for food，drinks and tobacco，which took up 32.14% of their total expenditures on consumer goods.The Swedish，however，spent the least on the same.Besides，clothing and footwear also attracted many buyers，especially the Italians.9% of their expenditures went to this aspect.The percentage held by Turkey，Ireland and Spain was almost the same.

According to the table，it is in Turkey that people were most willing to spend money on entertainment and education，with its percentage reaching 4.35%.In contrast，the Spanish had the smallest interest in entertainment and education，which took up only 1.98% of their total spending.

In conclusion，daily necessities like food and drinks were the foremost targets of consumers in all the nations listed，whereas leisure and education aroused less attention from the general public.参考译文：

表格中的数据有关2002年5个国家的消费者在3个领域的开销比重。

数据显示，土耳其人最热衷于食品、饮料和香烟，他们在此类商品上的开销占总开销的32.14%。然而，瑞典人在这方面的花费最少。此外，服装和鞋类也吸引了诸多消费者，尤其是意大利消费者，他们9%的开销都花在了这方面。土耳其、爱尔兰和西班牙的开销比重基本相同。

根据表格所示，土耳其人最乐意把钱花在休闲和教育上，在这方面的开销比重达4.35%。相比之下，西班牙对休闲和教育最不感兴趣，他们在这方面的消费仅占其总支出的1.98%。

总的来说，食品和饮料之类的日常必需品是表格中所有国家的消费者的首选，而休闲和教育对公众的吸引力相对较小。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the everyday activities of 16-17 year olds in 1989，1994 and 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示在1989年、1994年和1999年16岁至17岁青少年的日常活动。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Everyday Activities of 16-17 Year Olds

The table reflects the percentage of teenagers between 16 and 17 years old in relation to their varied daily activities in 1989，1994 and 1999 respectively.

Generally speaking，these youngsters focused more on their education than other activities.In 1989，46% of them were diligently acquiring knowledge，and the proportion became bigger in the 1990s，especially in 1999，when 66% of them were busy with their studies.

Those who started working at an early age accounted for the smallest portion in 1989.With the passing of time，the percentage rose slightly from 23% to 29% five years later and finally grew to 32% in 1999.

From the table，we could also notice the phenomenon that the number of students participating in various training programmes thwitnessed an obvious increase over the last decade of the 20 Century.Their percentage climbed continuously from 38% to a half of the total.In addition，students who were engaged in no activities also underwent an increase of 5% during these ten years.

Overall，receiving education played a leading role in teenagers’ everyday life.In the meantime，many of them were also participants in training activities.参考译文：

该图表反映了1989年、1994年和1999年参与各种日常活动的16岁至17岁青少年所占的比重。

总体来看，较之其他活动，这些青少年更注重教育。1989年，他们中有46%的人在勤奋学习，到20世纪90年代时比重更大了，尤其在1999年，有66%的青少年正忙于自己的功课。

1989年，很早就开始工作的青少年所占比例最小。随着时间的推移，5年后其比重从23%略微增至29%，并最终增至1999年的32%。

从表格中我们还可以发现，参加各种培训课程的学生人数在20世纪最后10年显著增加，其所占比例从38%持续上升至50%。此外，在这10年里，从未参加任何活动的学生所占比重也增加了5%。

总之，接受教育在青少年的日常生活中居于主导地位。同时，他们中有很多人也参加了培训项目。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The tables below show the average number of students per lecturer in Australia from 1991 to 2007，and the average number of students in different subjects in 2003.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格显示1991年至2007年间澳大利亚每位讲师的平均学生人数以及2003年学习不同科目的平均学生人数。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Average number of students per lecturerAverage number of students in different subjects

The figures listed in the tables exhibit the average number of students each lecturer has and the average number of students who study various subjects.

According to the general trend reflected in the first table，the average number of students under the tutorship of every university lecturer experienced a slight increase from 1991 to 2007.In 1991，it was only 14.5 on average.Every four years，two more students have been added.In 2007，at least 21.9 students were pursuing their education with the help of a lecturer.

As the second table indicates，among the three lecture-based courses，languages boasted the most students，with an average number reaching 26.5.Computer and IT were studied by an average of 25 and 24.5 students respectively.Obviously，there were more students engaged in lecture-based subjects than experiment-based subjects.The average number of students attending physics classes was 16.5，a little larger than that attending agriculture and chemistry classes.

In conclusion，with the enlarged enrollment，lecturers had to teach more and more students than before.Besides，lecture-based subjects played a major role in Australian schools.参考译文：

表格中所列数据显示每位讲师的平均学生人数以及学习各种科目的平均学生人数。

根据图表一反映的整体趋势，在每位大学讲师教导之下的学生平均人数从1991年到2007年经历了小幅的增加。1991年，平均人数仅为14.5人。每4年平均人数增加2名。在2007年，至少平均有21.9人在一位讲师的指导下学习。

据图表二所示，在3种基于课堂传授的课程中，学习语言的学生最多，平均人数达26.5人。学习电脑和信息技术的学生平均人数分别为25人和24.5人。显然，参加课堂传授课程学习的学生多于参加实验类课程的学生。上物理课的学生平均人数为16.5人，略微多于上农业课和化学课的学生。

总的来说，随着招生规模的扩大，讲师所教授的学生人数比以前更多了。另外，课堂传授类科目在澳大利亚学校中占主导地位。

第五章 综合图表题

The bar graph illustrates the percentage of students working part time in 1983 and in 2003，and the table demonstrates the average hours spent on part-time jobs and the average years used to obtain a degree.

Without doubt，in 1983，the 25-29 age group boasted the most working students，with the percentage reaching 55%.At that time，teenagers seemed to show the least interest in part-time jobs，for only 36% of these students were willing to accept such kind of work.In 2003，75% of the students aged 20-24 began to spend some time working after school.Older students above 40 years were the least interested in part-time jobs.

In the early 1980s，people used to spend only 5 extra hours working on paid tasks.Such a situation changed dramatically 20 years later.An average of 14.4 hours were recorded with this regard，almost three times longer than in the past.In 1983，three years were enough to obtain a degree.However，in 2003，students had to study one more year before they could finally accomplish their degree of education.

In conclusion，the number of students who took part-time jobs in 2003 is larger than the number two decades ago.It is also noticeable that much more time had to be spent in working part time and receiving a degree in the new century.参考译文：

柱状图展现1983年和2003年做兼职的学生所占的比重，表格显示做兼职工作所花费的平均时长以及获得学位需花费的平均年数。

毫无疑问，在1983年，25岁至29岁年龄群里做兼职的学生最多，他们所占比重达55%。那时，十几岁的青少年似乎对做兼职的兴趣最小，因为这些学生中只有36%的人愿意接受此类工作。2003年，有75%的20岁至24岁的学生开始利用部分课余时间工作。40岁以上的年长学生对兼职最不感兴趣。

在20世纪80年代初，人们曾经仅花额外5小时做兼职。20年后情况发生了巨变。据记载，用在兼职上的平均时间长达14.4小时，这比过去的用时延长了近3倍。1983年，3年时间足以获得某个学位。然而，在2003年，学生必须再多用1年时间方可取得学位。

总之，2003年做兼职的学生人数多于20年前。同时也可以看出，在新世纪，人们得花更多时间做兼职和取得学位。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph shows the percentage of males and females who have criminal records，and the pie chart indicates the percentage of males and females in prison in UK in 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列曲线图显示拥有犯罪记录的男性与女性所占的比例；饼状图显示2000年英国坐牢的男性与女性所占的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The line graph illustrates the criminal rate of men and women of different ages and the pie chart shows the proportion of male and female prisoners.

The line curve obviously indicates the fact that on the records of 2000，there were more male criminals than female ones no matter how old they were.In general，the rate of men appears to be considerably higher than that of women.Female lawbreakers only took up no more than 3% of the total population.Adults of both genders between 20 to 30 years of age had the highest rate of criminal records.The percentage of men rose sharply from 1% to the peak of 10% around the age of 25，and the rate of women grew from0 to 3%.From the 30-year-old age group onwards，the percentage began to drop steeply，with the male rate falling to 2% and the female percentage reaching the level of0.2% at the 60-year-old point.

The pie chart reflects the huge difference between men and women concerning their possibilities of committing crimes and being put into prison in 2000.Male criminals dominated and accounted for 96% of the entire group of prisoners，whereas the proportion of female prisoners was only 4%.

To sum up，young male adults had higher possibility of breaking the law than their female counterparts.参考译文：

由线图显示不同年龄的男性与女性的犯罪率；饼状图显示男囚犯与女囚犯所占的比重。

显然，曲线图显示的数据表明，在2000年，无论在哪个年龄群中，男性罪犯均多于女性罪犯。整体来看，男性的犯罪率远远高于女性。女性犯罪者仅占总人口的3%。20岁至30岁成年人中有犯罪记录的比率最高。25岁左右的男性的犯罪率从1%急剧增至最高点10%，25岁左右的女性犯罪率则从0增至3%。犯罪率在30岁以上的年龄群开始急剧下降，60岁男性的犯罪率降至2%，60岁女性犯罪率降至0.2%。

饼状图反映出2000年男性与女性在犯罪概率和被判入狱方面存在的巨大差异。男性罪犯居多数，占囚犯总人数的96%，而女性囚犯仅占4%。

总的来说，年轻男性的犯罪概率高于女性。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the percentage of country of birth of people living in Australia.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示生活在澳大利亚的居民的出生国。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The pie chart illustrates the make-up of people with different birth places in Australia，and the table reveals the proportion data concerning the distribution of inhabitants in both urban and rural areas.

Without doubt，citizens with Australian nationality account for the largest proportion of the entire population，with their percentage reaching 73%.Among these native people，84% are urban-dwellers，and only 16% of them live in the countryside.The British constitute the second largest group of those living in this country，taking up 7% of the total.88% of them live in the cities.

People from New Zealand，China and Netherland are the three major groups of dwellers.3% of Australia inhabitants are New Zealanders，2% of them Chinese and 1% of them Dutch.90% of those from New Zealand live in urban areas and 83% of the Dutch also build their homes in the cities.Speaking of the Chinese，only 1% of them choose to live in the rural areas.The rest of the Australian population is taken up by people from other nations，whose percentage is around 14%.

To sum up，Australia is a country with a large number of immigrants from overseas.Meanwhile，the majority of people there live in the cities.参考译文：

饼状图显示在澳大利亚来自不同地区的人口的构成情况；表格揭示了有关城市和农村居民分布比例的数据。

毫无疑问，拥有澳大利亚国籍的公民在总人口中占最大比重，达73%。在这些本国人中，84%居住在城市，仅有16%在农村生活。英国人是居住在该国的第二大人群，占总人口的7%。88%的英国人在澳大利亚的城市里居住。

来自新西兰、中国和荷兰的人也是三个主要居民群体。3%的澳大利亚居民是新西兰人，2%来自中国，1%来自荷兰。90%的新西兰人居住在澳大利亚城市，83%的荷兰人也将家安在城市。只有1%的中国人选择在澳大利亚农村生活。澳大利亚余下的人口由来自其他国家的公民构成，他们约占总人口的14%。

总之，澳大利亚是一个拥有众多海外移民的国家。同时，他们中的绝大部分人都居住在城市。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table and the line graph below show people’s frequency of cinema visits from 1994 to 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列表格与曲线图显示1994年至2004年人们去电影院的频率。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Cinema Visits of All Age GroupsCinema Visits of Different Age Groups

The table illustrates the percentage of population taken up by cinema goers and how often they went to the movie from 1994 to 2004，and the line graph indicates the frequency of cinema visits by people of different ages.

In 1994，only 68% of the population usually went to the cinema and their average frequency of visits was 6.8 times.Two years later，the percentage hiked to 72%.The year 1998 saw the greatest popularity of cinemas，with the figure growing to 76%.It dropped a little and returned to 72% again in 2000，when the frequency was the highest，reaching 8.2.After a slight fall in 2002，the percentage grew to 72% for the third time in 2004 and the frequency became 8.2 once more.

According to the line curve，the frequency data is relative to different age group fluctuations every two years，starting from the low level in 1994.Youngsters between 14 to 24 years of age showed the greatest enthusiasm for movies throughout the decade，generally，above the average level of all age groups.In 2000，their average frequency reached 13.By contrast，citizens over the age of 50 paid least attention to movies shown in cinemas，and the frequency fluctuated between 4 and 6.

Obviously，the cinema attracted more young people than older people.With the increase of age，people seemed to spend less and less money on movie tickets.参考译文：

表格显示1994年至2004年去电影院的人所占的比重以及他们去看电影的频率；曲线图显示不同年龄的人去电影院的次数。

1994年，只有68%的人经常去看电影，他们光顾电影院的平均次数为6.8次。两年以后，其所占比重升至72%。1998年是电影院最受大众欢迎的一年，去看电影的人的比重增至76%。2000年比重略有回落，降至72%，当年人们去影院的平均次数是最多的，达8.2次。经过了2002年的小幅下滑之后，比重在2004年第三次涨到72%，且平均次数又达8.2次。

据曲线图所示，去影院的频率随每两年不同年龄群去看电影次数的变化而变化，从1994年的低点开始波动。在这10年中，14岁至24岁的青少年对电影最为热衷，热情程度总体上高于其他年龄群。2000年，他们去影院的平均次数达13次。相比之下，50岁以上的人群对电影院放映的电影最不感兴趣，他们去影院的平均次数为4到6次之间。

显然，电影院吸引的年轻人多于年长者。随着年龄的增长，人们花在电影票上的钱越来越少了。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the number of Japanese tourists travelling abroad between 1985 and 1995 and Australia’s share of the Japanese tourist market.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示1985年至1995年期间出国旅游的日本游客的人数以及澳大利亚所占的日本游客市场份额。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Japanese tourists travelling abroadAustralia’s share of Japan’s tourist market

The bar chart displays the data regarding the number of Japanese who went on international tours during the decade from 1985 to 1995，and the line curve reflects the fluctuation of the percentage held by Japanese visitors who visited Australia over these years.

In 1985，only 5 million people in Japan were willing to spend a part of their incomes to travel abroad.With the passing of time，more and more Japanese citizens entered the troupe of foreign visits.The number kept gradually increasing every year，reaching 11 million in 1990.1991 was the only period when the number fell a little compared with the previous year.The growing trend resumed in 1992.1995 saw a sharp increase with the number of this type of travellers jumping to 15.5 million.

As is indicated in the second graph，Australia attracted merely 2% of Japanese tourists travelling abroad in 1985.From that year on，the percentage underwent a steep growth till 1988，when Australia’s market share of Japanese tourists went up to 4.7%.A temporary fall followed and the percentage dropped to 4.2% in 1989.It kept growing right until 1993 and peaked at 6.1%.The figure went down slightly to 6% in 1994.

To sum up，people in Japan appear to have shown increasing enthusiasm for going abroad on holiday，and Australia has become a hotter tourist destination than in the 1990s.参考译文：

柱状图呈现从1985年至1995年这10年间去海外旅行的日本人的数量，曲线图反映了这些年游览过澳大利亚的日本游客所占的比重。

1985年，仅有500万日本人愿意将自己的一部分收入用于出国旅游。随着时间的推移，越来越多的日本人加入到了海外游的行列之中。日本游客的数量逐年递增，1990年达到1100万。1991年是游客数量较之从前略微减少的一年，但增长趋势在1992年又恢复了。1995年，此类游客人数急剧增加，达1550万。

图表二显示，1985年澳大利亚仅仅引来了2%的进行海外游的日本人。从那年起到1988年，日本游客人数大幅增加，1988年，澳大利亚占据的日本游客市场份额升至4.7%。随后是短暂的下降，1989年比重跌至4.2%。该比重持续增长，一直涨到1993年的最高点6.1%。1994年又略微降至6%。

总之，日本人似乎对出国度假的热情愈加高涨，澳大利亚在20世纪90年代成为他们更感兴趣的旅游目的地。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列曲线图显示在某个冬日和某个夏日英国的用电需求；饼状图显示普通英国家庭的用电方式。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Typical daily demand for electricityWhat the electricity is used for：①51.5% Heating rooms，heating water②17.5% Ovens，kettles，washing machines③16% Lighting，TV，radio④15% Vacuum cleaners，food mixers，electric tools

The line graph reflects the changes of people’s demand for electricity within a certain day in winter and in summer.The pie chart presents varied ways that electricity is made use of by ordinary households in England.

In the first hours of a winter day，35，000 units of electricity are used.A slight increase follows and the figure grows to nearly 40，000 at 3 o’clock.Then there is a steep fall，reaching 30，000 at 6 am，which is also the lowest in the cold season.From that moment，a sharp rise is witnessed，with units hitting at 40，000 in the afternoon and levels off before 8 pm.The figure climbs to the peak of 47，000 at 9 pm.In summer，the demand drops slightly from 17，000 units to 13，000 at 9 in the morning.Then it keeps a steady increase till the amount reaches the highest point of around 20，000 units before 3 pm.Later the figure goes up mildly and returns to near 20，000 at 10 pm.

As is indicated in the pie chart，more than half of the electricity is used to heat rooms and water.Another major area where electricity is applied is partly related to kitchen chores，including operating of ovens，kettles and washing machines.They altogether take up 17.5% of the total amount of electricity.In addition，16% is involved in lighting and the running of televisions and radio.For the rest，15% is used to run other types of electrical appliances like vacuum cleaners，food mixers.

In conclusion，it is noticeable from the diagram that electricity is of great need during the coldest period，because people need to keep warm.参考译文：

曲线图反映了在某个冬日和某个夏日人们用电需求的变化情况。饼状图显示普通英国家庭的各种用电方式。

在冬天的头几个小时，用电量达35000个单位。随后用电量略有增加，到3点时增至将近40000个单位。用电量随即急剧减少，凌晨6点时降至30000，这也是冬季里的最低值。从那一刻起用电量出现急剧上升，下午达40000个单位，并在晚上8点前稳定在这个水平。9点时用电量达到高峰值47000个单位。在夏天，用电量从17000个单位降至早晨9点的13000个单位。之后用电量稳步上升，并在下午3点前达到最高值20000个单位。随后出现小幅上升，到晚上10点时数值又回到了近20000。

如饼状图所示，有超过一半的电用于给房间和水加温。另一个用电的主要方面部分与厨房杂务有关，包括使用烤箱、烧水壶和洗衣机。它们总共消耗了17.3%的总电量。此外，16%的电用于照明与电视、广播的收看、收听。余下的电量中，15%用于操作诸如吸尘器、食品搅拌机之类的其他家用电器。

总之，从图表中明显可以看出，在最寒冷的时期用电需求很大，因为人们需要保暖。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK，and about the most popular countries for UK residents to visit.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列图表显示去英国旅游和英国人出国旅游的情况以及最受英国居民欢迎的旅游国。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Visits to and from the UKMost popular countries visited by UK residents 1999

The line graph indicates the fluctuating data associated with the number of overseas tours by the British and that of UK tours by foreign visitors.The bar chart reflects the countries most visited by British citizens in 1999.

Apparently，ever since 1979，the tourism industry experienced a steady growth.As for the UK travellers，there were 12 million visits by the British who travelled abroad in 1979.A slight rise in the figure followed，reaching 20 million in 1984.Since then，a sharp increase thoccurred and at the end of the 20 century，the number of visits by UK residents peaked at 52 million.Although the degree of growth in the number of UK visits is in general lower，it also presented a growing trend.It increased mildly from 10 million in 1979 to 20 million in the late 1980s.The figure kept modestly hiking and finally arrived at 27 million in 1999.

Without doubt，France is the hottest tourist destination for British travellers，because it attracted as many as 12 million in 1999.However，the British appear to show the least interest in visiting Turkey.The number of those who toured Turkey was only 2.5 million.参考译文：

曲线图显示英国人参加的海外游以及海外游客参加的英国之旅的数量变化情况；柱状图反映了1999年英国公民最常访问的国家。

显然，自从1979年，旅游业经历了平稳的发展。1979年，有1200万英国游客到国外旅行。随后人数略有增加，1984年达2000万。从那时起人数急剧增加，到20世纪末，英国人参加海外游的次数达到最高点5200万。尽管来英国旅游的人次相对较少，但也呈现出上升趋势。从1979年的1000万小幅增加至20世纪80年代末的2000万。此数值持续缓步增长，并最终达到1999年的2700万。

毫无疑问，法国是最受英国人欢迎的目的地，因为1999年法国吸引了1200万英国游客。然而，英国人似乎对土耳其最不感兴趣，仅有250万英国人去那里游览。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列曲线图和表格分别显示世界范围内的用水情况以及两个不同国家的耗水量。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Global water use by sectorWater consumption in Brazil and Congo in 2000

What is presented in the line graph is the amount of water consumed worldwide by three different sectors，and the table illustrates the data related to water consumption in two countries in the first year of the new millennium.

Apparently，ordinary households have used the least water th3during the 20 century.In 1900，less than 100 km of water was used.The level went up little by little throughout the first 50 years.Since 31950，a slight increase occurred and the amount reached 400 km in 2000.Agriculture definitely needed more water for irrigation than the 3others.The amount kept growing from 500 km in 1900 to the peak of 33000 km in 2000.As for the industrial field，the amount was a bit larger than domestic use.

As is indicated in the table，the population of Brazil was 170.8 million larger than that of Congo.Needless to say，the irrigated land in 2Brazil is much bigger than Congo，which had only 100 km of land to be watered.As for water consumption of individuals，each Brazilian 33used an average of 359 m，while only 8 m of water was consumed per person in Congo.

Overall，irrigation of land involves the greater consumption of water than other sectors.Meanwhile，the larger the population a country has，the more land needs to be irrigated.参考译文：

曲线图显示世界范围内3个领域的耗水量；表格中的数据反映了新千年的头一年两个国家的用水情况。

显然，在20世纪，普通家庭的用水量最小。1900年，他们仅消耗了不到100立方千米的水。在头50年中，家庭用水量逐步增加。从1950年起出现小幅上涨，到2000年时达到400立方千米。农业的确比其他行业需要更多水，其用水量从1900年的500立方千米持续增加至2000年的最高点3000立方千米。说到工业领域，其用水量略微多于普通家庭。

据表格所示，巴西人口比刚果人口多1.708亿。不必说，巴西的土地灌溉面积也远远大于刚果，刚果仅有100立方千米的土地接受灌溉。说到个人用水，平均每个巴西人的用水量为359立方米，而刚果的人均用水量仅为8立方米。

总体来看，土地灌溉比其他领域消耗更多的水。同时，国家的人口越多，需要灌溉的土地就更多。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive.The table below shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列饼状图显示农业用地产量减少的主要原因；下列表格显示在20世纪90年代这些原因如何影响世界的3个地区。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Causes of worldwide land degradation*A large group of islands in the South Pacific including Australia and Zealand

The graphs demonstrate the percentage comparison between different contributors to the degradation of land in the world and in several specific places.

According to the pie chart，excessive grazing constitutes the most essential cause of the intensified deterioration of land around the globe.As much as 35% of the degraded land was related to animals.In addition，deforestation and over-cultivation also contribute greatly to the world-wide land degradation，their percentage growing to 30% and 28% respectively.

The situation varies in different regions.Europe has the largest area of degraded land accounting for 23% of the total.Evidently，the felling of trees appears to be the most serious problem there，as 9.8% of its land damage is caused by this.The percentage taken up by Oceania reaches 13%.Over-grazing is doubtlessly the most destructive，while the problem of overcultivation does not exist there.The land in North America is better protected than the other two regions，because the degraded land only covers over 5%，and only 3% has something to do with excessive cultivation.

To sum up，the degradation of land has become more and more severe all over the world.The damages are largely done by the over-grazing of animals and improper human activities.参考译文：

图表展现导致世界土地退化的因素与导致若干地区土地退化的因素的比重差异。

据饼状图所示，过度放牧是导致全球土地退化加剧的最根本原因。有35%的土地退化与动物有关。此外，森林砍伐与过度耕作也是导致全球土地退化的主要原因，所占比重分别为30%和28%。

不同地区的情况也各异。欧洲土地退化的面积最大，占土地总面积的23%。不言而喻，树木砍伐是那里最严重的问题，因为9.8%的土地破坏由其所致。大洋洲所占比重达13%。过度放牧无疑是最具破坏性的，而过度耕作的问题在大洋洲并不存在。北美洲的土地比其他两大洲受到了更好的保护，因为那里土地退化仅占5%，且仅有3%的土地与过度耕作有关。

总之，全世界的土地退化状况变得越来越严重了。土地破坏部分是由于过度放牧和不当的人类活动。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The two charts show the percentage of world energy and that of the production of nuclear power in 8 European countries in 1997.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列两个图表分别显示世界能源的比例以及1997年8个欧洲国家核电生产量的比例。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。World Energy SourcesProduction of Nuclear Power

The graphs illustrate the percentage taken up by various types of energy around the world，and eight countries’ capability of nuclear power production.

According to the pie chart，water holds the largest portion，accounting for 38% of the total global energy storage.Gas ranks number two，with its percentage reaching 25%.Solid fuels make the third main source of energy in the world，taking up 19% of its storage.Another important energy source is nuclear power，which takes over 12% of the whole.As for other renewable energy，it only holds the smallest percentage of 6%.

Without doubt，France is the country with the greatest capacity of nuclear power production.According to the bar chart，it produces 78% of its total output.Belgium appears to be the second largest producer of nuclear power，accounting for 60%.It is followed by Australia which produces 52% of the total and Germany whose percentage is 42%.The production in Finland is the lowest，with a share of merely 27%.

To conclude，water and gas constitute two major energy sources on earth.Regarding nuclear power production，France and Belgium are the largest producers of all countries.参考译文：

图表显示全世界各种能源所占的百分比以及8个国家的核能生产力。

据饼状图所示，水能源占最大比重，占全球能源总储备量的38%。天然气位居第二，所占比重达25%。固态石油是世界第三大主要能源，占19%。核能为另一重要能源，占全球总能源的12%。其他可再生能源所占比重最小，仅为6%。

毋庸置疑，法国的核能生产力最强大。据柱状图所示，法国的核能产量占其能源总产量的78%。比利时是第二大核能生产国，其核能产量占60%。紧随其后的是澳大利亚，核能产量比重为52%，德国的比重为42%。芬兰的核能产量最低，仅占27%。

总之，水和天然气是地球上两类主要能源。说到核能的生产，法国和比利时是最大的生产国。

第六章 流程图

The flowchart describes the procedures through which old glass bottles are recycled.

The very first step，used bottles are gathered from the customers，and sent to the collecting point，from where they are loaded onto the trucks and delivered directly to the next site for cleaning.Then，with the help of a high pressurised motor，all the bottles are washed.Normally，these bottles consist of three kinds：green ones，brown ones and clear ones.As soon as the cleaning process ends，they are carried to the glass factory，where they are turned into glass pieces.Next，the pieces are heated in the furnace until they melt into liquid.The glass liquid is poured into the mold in which the shape of new bottles is formed.When the molded glass becomes solidified，new bottles are successfully made and ready for use.This marks the completion of the second stage.After those newly-made bottles have been filled and packed，they will again be placed in the supermarket，awaiting potential buyers.

In conclusion，the entire process of bottle recycling requires the combined efforts of consumers，drivers and workers supported by effective machines and equipment.参考译文：

该流程图描述了旧玻璃瓶被循环利用的过程。

第一步，将顾客用过的瓶子收集起来并送往回收点，瓶子在那里装车后被直接运至清洗点。随后，在高压电机的协助之下，所有瓶子均接受清洗。这些瓶子通常分为三种类别：绿色、棕色和透明色。清洗工作一结束，瓶子就立即被送往玻璃厂，在那里它们被碾成玻璃碎片。接下来，碎片在熔炉中被加热直至化为液态。玻璃熔液被倒入瓶状模具之中成形。当玻璃凝固后，新瓶子就成功制成了，以备使用。这标志着第二步已经完成。在这些新瓶子被装满并经过包装之后，将重新置于超市中，等待潜在买家购买。

总之，整个旧瓶回收利用过程需要消费者、司机和由高效机器设备协助的工人们共同的努力。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The following picture shows how the home smokery works.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列流程图描述了家用熏烤室的工作原理。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。HOME SMOKERY

The picture describes the structure and functions of a home smokery used to make smoked food.

The smokery is made up of a box and a heating device buried underground which looks like a cooking stove.There are two lids on the stove.When the upper lid is open，air is let into a space where a pile of logs are being burnt.This place is covered by the other lid.On the right side of the burning stove，a pipe functions as a connection between the fire stove and a larger box for storage.Through the pipe，smoke is emitted into the box，the lower part of which is also below ground level.In the upper part of the smokery，different kinds of food like fish and pork are hung，waiting to be smoked.When the temperature inside the storage room goes up with the burning of firewood and the smoke becomes thicker and thicker，the meat will gradually turn into smoked food，ready for consumption.参考译文：

该图描述用于制作烟熏食物的家用熏烤室的构造与功能。

熏烤室由一个箱子和一个埋在地下貌似炉灶的加热装置构成。炉灶上有两个盖子。当上方的盖子开启时，空气随即进入一个空间，那里有一堆柴火正在燃烧。此处由另一个盖子掩盖。在燃烧的炉灶右侧有一个排气管，它将火炉与一个更大的储存箱连接起来。烟通过排气管进入储存箱，储存箱的下部也位于地下。在熏烤室的上部悬挂着各种待熏制的食物，如鱼肉和猪肉。当储存箱的温度随着柴火的燃烧上升时，烟雾变得越来越浓，生肉将逐渐变成熏肉，以备食用。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列示意图分别描述了蚕的生命周期以及丝绸的生产步骤。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。Life cycle of the silkworm

The first flowchart demonstrates the life cycle of silkworms and the second explains how silk cloth is produced.

The larva of silkworms comes out of the eggs in 10 days and feeds on mulberry leaves.After 4 to 6 weeks，the larva begins to spin silk thread.With the passing of time，cocoons are successfully woven.After another 16 days，the silkworms will grow into moths that give birth to new eggs.A round of life cycle is completed.

As for the procedures through which silk cloth is produced，altogether five steps are involved.First of all，cocoons are selected carefully and only those with the best quality are suitable to serve as raw materials for silk cloth.As soon as the selection has been made，the chosen cocoons shall be boiled in water.Later on，they are easily unwound into thread which has a total length of 300 to 900 metres.The thread is then twisted，ready for dying.The final step is to weave the twisted thread that has been dyed with colours into cloth.参考译文：

第一个流程图展现蚕的生命周期，第二个流程图诠释丝绸是如何制成的。

10天后幼蚕破卵而出，以桑叶为食。4至6周后，幼虫开始吐丝。随着时间的推移，蚕茧被顺利织成。再过16天后，蚕长成产卵的蛾子。至此一轮生命周期结束。

丝绸的生产流程总共涉及5个步骤。首先，仔细筛选蚕茧，只有最优质的蚕茧才适合用作丝绸的原料。筛选完毕之后，选定的蚕茧将经过水煮，然后，蚕茧便可轻松展开成总长度达300米至900米的丝，丝随即被捻合成丝线以备染色。最后一步就是将染过色的丝线织成丝绸。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process，and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列示意图分别描述了水泥制作的步骤与设备以及水泥是如何应用于制造建筑混凝土的。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

The two pictures depict the detailed procedures through which cement and concrete are produced.

The most basic raw materials include limestone and clay.They are poured from both sides into the crusher for grinding.After turning into powder，they are blended together in a mixer.Then the mixture is transferred through a pipe downward into the rotating heater.The heated mixture will later go through a grinder for further crushing before the cement is formed and filled into the bags.

As a matter of fact，cement is one of the essential elements used for making concrete.It takes up 15% of all the materials.The other kinds involve 50% of gravel，25 percent of sand and 10% of water.They are all poured into a huge device called a concrete mixer.This is the place where concrete finally comes into being.参考译文：

这两张图呈现水泥和混凝土的详细生产流程。

最基本的原料包括石灰石和黏土。将它们从两侧倒入碎石机中碾碎。待其变成粉状后，倒入搅拌机中进行混合。之后，混合物经过一个向下的管道被送入旋转加热器。接下来，已经加热的混合物通过碾磨机接受进一步碾磨，随后水泥便制成并装入袋中。

其实，水泥是用于生产混凝土的基本原料之一，占所有原料的15%。其他原料包括50%的砂砾、25%的沙子和10%的水。这些材料均被倒入一个称作混凝土搅拌机的巨型装置之中，混凝土就在此装置中制成。

第七章 地图题

Figure 1Cross-section of Mont-Blanc Road Tunnel Construction time：1957—1965

Figure 2Cross-section of Beikan Railway Tunnel in Japan Construction time：1946—1988

The figures present the difference between two great tunnels，Mont-Blanc Road Tunnel and Beikan Railway Tunnel.

Connecting France and Italy，the 11.6-kilometre-long road tunnel stretches straight through the mountain which peaks at an altitude of 3.5 km.According to Figure 2，the railway tunnel is located 240 metres below the sea-level across the Tsugaru Strait.One of its ends reaches a city called Hakodate on Hokkaido Island，and the other extends to Aomori City on a Japanese Island.It is much longer than the road tunnel，measuring 53.85 km.

As is demonstrated in Figure 1，the construction of Mont-Blanc Road Tunnel was initiated in 1957.Eight years passed before the whole project was completed in 1965.By contrast，the construction of the tunnel under the sea was started in 1946，11 years earlier，yet the constructing period was 34 years longer.It was not until 1988 that the entire project was finished.

Obviously，the shorter road tunnel was built within a shorter time，while the longer railway tunnel across the strait required much more time to construct.参考译文：

示意图呈现勃朗峰路和青函铁路隧道这两大隧道之间的差异。

长达11.6千米、连接法国和意大利的公路隧道笔直地贯穿海拔为3.5千米的高山。据图二所示，铁路隧道位于海平面下240米之处，横跨Tsugaru海峡。其一端到达位于Hokkaido岛上的Hakodao市，另一端到达位于某日本岛屿的Aomori市。铁路隧道的长度远远超过公路隧道，长达53.85千米。

据图一所示，勃朗峰路隧道于1957年开始建设，整个工程于1965年竣工，耗时8年。相比之下，海底隧道于1946年开工建设，比公路隧道早11年，然而其建设用时却比公路隧道多34年，直到1988年才全部竣工。

显然，较短的公路隧道在较短时间内建成，而横穿海峡的铁路隧道则需要更长的建设时间。You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The maps below give information about a school site in 2004 and the planning of the same school in 2010.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.请在20分钟内完成此项写作任务。下列地图分别描述了某学校2004年的校址情况以及该学校2010年的规划。通过选择与阐明主要特点概括图示信息，并对相关内容进行比较。文章不少于150字。

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