作者：张宜松
出版社：重庆大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
工程造价专业英语(第四版)试读：
内容提要
本书针对工程造价专业的学生及从事建筑、房地产行业的相关人员，内容由易到难，逐层展开，注重学习的实用性和趣味性。全书分为6个模块，每个模块由2～4个单元组成，每个单元有一篇课文、一篇会话、一篇阅读，内容涉及工程管理基本知识、招标投标、工程量清单、合同管理、项目管理、索赔、付款等方面。书后附有投标书、协议书、投标保函、履约保函等中英文常用格式以及工程造价专业词汇和参考译文。
本书适合作为工程造价专业的教材使用，也可以作为建筑管理等相关专业的教材参考书，还可以供建筑、房地产行业的相关人员学习参考。序《高等职业教育工程造价专业系列教材》于1992年由重庆大学出版社正式出版发行，并分别于2002年和2006年对该系列教材进行修订和扩充，教材品种数也从12种增加至36种。该系列教材自问世以来，受到全国各有关院校师生及工程技术人员的欢迎，产生了一定的社会反响。编委会就广大读者对该系列教材出版的支持、认可与厚爱，在此表示衷心的感谢。
随着我国社会经济的蓬勃发展，建筑业管理体制改革的不断深化，工程技术和管理模式的更新与进步，以及我国工程造价计价模式和高等职业教育人才培养模式的变化等，这些变革必然对该专业系列教材的体系构成和教学内容提出更高的要求。另外，近年来我国对建筑行业的一些规范和标准进行了修订，如《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》（GB 50500—2008）等。为适应我国“高等职业教育工程造价专业”人才培养的需要，并以系列教材建设促进其专业发展，重庆大学出版社通过全面的信息跟踪和调查研究，在广泛征求有关院校师生和同行专家意见的基础上，决定重新改版、扩充以及修订《高等职业教育工程造价专业系列教材》。
本系列教材的编写是根据国家教育部制定颁发的《高职高专教育专业人才培养目标及规格》和《工程造价专业教育标准和培养方案》，以社会对工程造价专业人员的知识、能力及素质需求为目标，以国家注册造价工程师考试的内容为依据，以最新颁布的国家和行业规范、标准、法规为标准而编写的。本系列教材针对高等职业教育的特点，基础理论的讲授以应用为目的，以必需、够用为度，突出技术应用能力的培养，反映国内外工程造价专业发展的最新动态，体现我国当前工程造价管理体制改革的精神和主要内容，完全能够满足培养德、智、体全面发展，掌握本专业基础理论、基本知识和基本技能，获得造价工程师初步训练，具有良好综合素质和独立工作能力，会编制一般土建、安装、装饰、工程造价，初步具有进行工程造价管理和过程控制能力的高等技术应用型人才。
由于现代教育技术在教学中的应用和教学模式的不断变革，教材作为学生学习功能的唯一性正在淡化，而学习资料的多元性也正在加强。因此，为适应高等职业教育“弹性教学”的需要，满足各院校根据建筑企业需求，灵活调整及设置专业培养方向，我们采用了专业“共用课程模块+专业课程模块”的教材体系设置，给各院校提供了发挥个性和设置专业方向的空间。
本系列教材的体系结构如下：注：①本系列教材赠送电子教案。②希望各院校和企业教师、专家参与本系列教材的建设，并请毛遂自荐担任后续教材的主编或参编，联系E-mail：linqs@cqup.com.cn。
本次系列教材的重新编写出版，对每门课程的内容都作了较大增加和删改，品种也增至36种，拓宽了该专业的适应面和培养方向，给各有关院校的专业设置提供了更多的空间。这说明，该系列教材是完全适应工程造价相关专业教学需要的一套好教材，并在此推荐给有关院校和广大读者。编委会2012年4月前言（第四版）《工程造价专业英语》第一版于2002年11月出版，2007年对其进行了改版，并被评为普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材，受到众多读者和高职院校师生的喜爱和好评。2012年又对其进行了第三次修订。2014年成功申报“十二五”职业教育国家规划教材。本次改版，根据《高等职业教育工程造价专业教育标准和培养方案及主干课程教学大纲》《高等职业教育工程造价专业教学基本要求》，并结合近年来使用该书进行教学的情况，主要进行了以下修订：
1. 对原结构进行了调整，将全部内容划分为相对独立又相互关联的6个模块，分别为工程项目及相关工作人员、招投标、工程合同、工程项目管理、工程造价师、索赔；将原来的14个单元调整为15个单元。
2. 根据结构的调整，调整和更换了第1、2、5、9和10单元的部分文章，补充了新的内容，即增加了第15单元“合同的变更与调整”。
3. 对第5单元和第9单元的练习题进行了重新编写，对原第13和14单元的练习题进行了部分更改。
4. 对部分文章的标题进行了修改，使之与内容更加切合。
5. 纠正了少许语法、翻译等错误。
经修订后的第四版更能体现高等职业教育对造价类专业学生专业英语的要求，以实际应用为出发点，培养高等技术应用型人才。
根据高等职业教育学生的特点，本版教材体现了以下4个特点：
①模块化。将要介绍的建筑工程造价相关内容分成6个模块，各模块间相对独立又存在关联，使读者在对某一方面的内容集中深入学习的同时，又能够将各方面内容联系起来，构建工程造价内容的知识框架。
②易学易懂。一方面，教材选取内容的英语单词难度不大，语法、句型相对简单，与高等职业教育学生或具有同等英语水平的工程技术人员的学习能力相匹配，易于读者学习；另一方面，内容选取紧密联系工程实际，多为工程实践中的常见问题，易于读者理解。
③针对性。主要针对高等职业院校工程造价专业的学生以及从事建筑业、房地产业、咨询业的相关人员。
④应用性。结合高职学生学习专业英语的目的，即“使学生能够利用外语这个工具，通过阅读和交流去获取国外的与专业相关的信息”。注重阅读的同时，强调会话，内容涉及工程谈判、签约、投标文件、安全控制、付款、索赔、工程移交等方面的日常用语。
本教材一共6个模块，共15个单元，每个单元有一篇课文、一篇会话、一篇阅读，平均每个单元有2 200个单词。内容涉及工程管理基本知识、工程招标投标、工程量清单计价、工程合同管理、工程项目管理、工程索赔、工程款支付等方面，以语言训练为主并具有一定的趣味性和渐进性。书后附有投标书、协议书、投标保函、履约保函等中英文常用格式以及工程造价专业词汇和参考译文。
本书由张宜松担任主编，负责全书总纂定稿，张伟、晏生宏、李谦担任副主编。具体分工如下：张宜松、张伟、晏生宏负责第1～12单元的课文、会话、阅读的编写和书后投标书、协议书、投标保函、履约保函等中英文常用格式的选编，李谦、杨云会负责第13～15单元的课文、会话、阅读的编写，秦平新、吴来安负责工程造价专业词汇和参考译文的编写。晏生宏、周世武、杨云会、秦平新、吴来安等参加前续版本编写，为此书打下了良好的基础，在此一并向他们表示最诚挚的谢意！
由于编写者水平及经验有限，教材中不妥之处在所难免，恳请广大读者批评指正。编者2014年8月8日前言（第三版）《工程造价专业英语》第一版自2002年11月面世之后，受到众多读者和高等职业教育院校的关爱，并作为高等职业教育工程造价专业系列教材之一，2006年被评为“十一五”国家级规划教材。但随着建筑业的快速发展，我国同世界各国之间的人员往来、经济活动和工程承发包等业务日益频繁，这对人才的需求和培养提出了更高要求。书中部分内容已不能适应我国建筑市场国际化和建筑公司参与国际竞争的要求，因此决定将该书修订再版。结合这几年使用该书教学的情况总结，做了如下修订：
1. 删除13、14单元，增加造价工程师的相关内容。
2. 增加工程造价专业英语词汇、课文参考译文。
3. 对部分单元的练习做了修改。
经修订后的第二版更能体现高等职业教育对学生英语的要求，以实际应用为出发点，培养高等技术应用型人才。
根据高等职业教育学生的特点，本教材体现3个特点：
①低起点。循序渐进，由易到难，逐层展开，凡是高等职业教育学生或具有同等英语程度的工程技术人员，都可以较好地掌握。
②针对性。主要针对高等职业教育院校工程造价专业的学生以及从事建筑业、房地产业、咨询业的相关人员。
③应用性。结合高等职业教育学生对学习专业英语的目的：“使学生能够利用外语这个工具，通过阅读和交流去获取国外的与本专业有关的信息。”注重阅读的同时，强调会话，内容涉及出国、工程谈判、签约、投标文件、安全控制、付款、索赔、工程移交等方面的日常用语。
本教材一共有14个单元，每个单元有1篇课文、1篇会话、1篇阅读，平均每个单元有2 200个词。内容涉及工程管理基本知识、工程招标投标、工程量清单计价、工程合同管理、工程项目管理、工程索赔、工程款支付等方面，以语言训练为主并具有一定的趣味性和渐进性。书后附有投标书、协议书、投标保函、履约保函等中英文常用格式以及工程造价专业词汇和参考译文。
本书由张宜松担任主编，负责全书总纂定稿，晏生宏、秦平新、杨云会担任副主编，吴来安参与了编写工作。具体分工如下：张宜松、晏生宏负责第1～12单元的课文、会话、阅读的编写和书后投标书、协议书、投标保函、履约保函等中英文常用格式的选编，杨云会负责13、14单元的课文、会话、阅读的编写，秦平新、吴来安负责工程造价专业词汇和参考译文的编写。张宜松、晏生宏、周世武参加第一版编写，为此书打下了良好的基础。编者在此一并向他们表示最诚挚的谢意！
目前，尚未见到紧密结合高等职业教育特点，适合工程造价专业的英语教材。由于编写者水平及经验有限，教材中不妥之处在所难免，恳请广大读者批评指正。编者2012年3月10日Chapter OneConstruction Project and the StaffUnit One【参考译文】TextConstruction Project
[1] Construction projects involve much time and expense, and close management control of them is required if they are to be ①completed within the established time and cost limitations.
[2] Effective management of a project requires a considerable background of general knowledge about the construction industry. So ②the purpose of this unit is to familiarize the reader with certain fundamentals of construction practice.
[3] Construction projects are intricate and time-consuming undertakings. The total development of a project normally consists of ③several phases requiring a diverse range of specialized services. In progressing from initial planning to project completion, the typical job passes through successive and distinct stages that demand inputs from such disparate directions as financial organizations, governmental agencies, engineers, architects, lawyers, insurance and ④surety companies, contractors, and building tradesmen.
[4] During the construction process itself, even a structure of modest proportions involves many skills, materials, and literally hundreds of different operations.
[5] To some degree, each construction project is unique, and no two jobs are ever quite alike. In its specifics, each structure is tailored to suit its environment, arranged to perform its own particular function, and designed to reflect personal tastes and preferences. The vagaries of the construction site and the possibilities for creative and utilitarian variation of even the most standardized building product combine to ⑤make each construction project a new and different experience.
[6] The construction process is subject to the influence of highly variable and sometimes unpredictable factors. The construction team, which includes architects, engineers, tradesmen, subcontractors, material dealers, and others, changes from one job to the next. All the complexities inherent to different construction sites such as subsoil conditions, surface topography, weather, transportation, material supply, utilities and services, local subcontractors, and labor conditions⑥ are an innate part of construction.⑦
[7] As a consequence of these circumstances, construction projects are typified by their complexity and diversity and by the non-standardized nature of their production . The use of factoryproduced modular units may diminish this individuality somewhat, but it is unlikely that field construction will ever be able to adapt itself completely to the standardized methods and product uniformity of assembly-line production.New Words and Expressions
1. considerable /kən'sidərəbl/ a. 值得考虑的，相当多的
2. familiarize /fə'miliəraiz/ vt. 使熟悉，使通晓
3. intricate /'intrikət/ a. 复杂的，错综的，难懂的
4. time-consuming /'taimkən, sju:miŋ/ a. 花费大量时间的
5. undertaking /ˌʌndə'teikiŋ/ n. 所承担的工作、任务
6. diverse /dai'və:s/ a. 不一样的，多种多样的
7. specialized /'speʃəlaizd/ a. 专门的，专科的
8. initial /i'niʃəl/ a. 最初的，开始的
9. successive /sək'sesiv/ a. 连续的，接连的
10. distinct /dis'tiŋkt/ a. 独特的，明显的
11. disparate /'dispərit/ a. 不同的，全异的
12. financial /fai'nænʃəl, fi'nænʃəl/ a. 财政的，金融的
13. surety /'ʃuəti/ n. 担保，保证
14. tradesman /'treidzmən/ n. 商人，店主，手艺人
15. modest /'mɔdist/ a. 谦虚的，不过分的，中等的
16. literally /'litərəli/ ad. 逐字地，确实地
17. specific /spi'sifik/ a. 特有的，具体的；n. 特性，细节
18. preference /'prefərəns/ n. 偏爱，优先
19. vagary /'veigəri/ n. 难以预测的变化，奇想
20. utilitarian /ˌju:tili'tɛəriən/ a. 功利的，以实用为主的
21. variation /ˌvɛəri'eiʃən/ n. 差异，变化
22. dealer /'di:lə(r)/ n. 商人，贩子
23. inherent /in'hiərənt/ a. 生来的，固有的
24. topography /tə'pɔgrəfi/ n. 地形；地志；地形学
25. innate /i'neit/ a. 天生的，生来的，固有的
26. typify /'tipifai/ vt. 具有……的特征，代表
27. modular /'mɔdjulə(r)/ a. 以组件为基础的，以模组成单体为基础的
28. individuality /ˌindiˌvidʒu'æləti/ n. 单独性，个性，特性
29. uniformity /ˌju:ni'fɔ:məti/ n. 一样，一致
30. to be subject to 易于，以……为条件，可以
31. as a consequence of 由于……的（结果）
32. to adapt oneself to 适应于……，习惯于……Notes
①be to do 表示按计划进行的动作。
The established time: the fixed time.
②... to familiarize the reader with...
familiarize = familiar + ize = to make... familiar
adj. + ize = verb
Americanize = to make American standardize = to make standard
③The total development of a project normally consists of several
phases requiring a diverse range of specialized services.
consist of: be composed of; be made up of.
phase: stage.
requiring a diverse range of specialized services 是现在分词短语
作定语。
④In progressing from initial planning to project completion, the
typical job ... and building tradesmen. 句中that demand inputs...
and tradesmen是定语从句修饰stages。
such... as表列举例子。
⑤The vagaries of the construction site... different experience.
vagaries和possibilities并列，creative和utilitarian并列修饰
variation。可译为：施工现场难以预料的变化和最标准化建筑产
品的创造性、实用性变化，使每一个建筑项目都是一次崭新的、
与众不同的经历。
⑥inherent to... labour conditions 是形容词短语作定语。
⑦as a consequence of: as a result of.ExercisesⅠ. Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. If a contractor wants to finish the project within the fixed time and cost limitations, it is necessary for him to make _____.
A. a close management control of time
B. a close management control of expense
C. a close management control of material
D. both A and B
2. According to the text, which statement is not true?
A. To manage a project effectively demands remarkable general
knowledge of the construction industry.
B. Construction projects are complicated and quick tasks.
C. In the process of a construction project, inputs from various
parties are demanded.
D. Each construction project is a different one to some extent.
3. The construction team will not include the following _____.
A. designers and engineers
B. contractors
C. government officials
D. material dealers
4. Which is not mentioned in all the complexities?
A. underground water conditions
B. utilities and services
C. transportation
D. weatherⅡ. Decide the following statements are true or false.1. During the construction process itself, even a building of ordinary
proportions includes many skills, materials, and literally hundreds
of different operations.2. To some degree each construction project is unique, and two jobs
are often quite alike.3. Planning is the first step in the process of construction time
control.4. The construction process is likely to be influenced by some
unpredictable factors.Ⅲ. Change the following words to another form and write down the Chinese meanings.
1. public _______________
2. normal _______________
3. modern _______________
4. mechanic _______________
5. fertile _______________
6. general _______________
7. industrial _______________
8. special _______________
9. summary _______________
10. utility _______________Ⅳ. Match the words in closest meaning.1. normala. need2. fundamentalb. considerable3. diversec. regular4. requirementd. important5. completione. basic6. changef. various7. remarkableg. finish8. vitalh. variation9. diminishi. born10. innatej. decrease11. suitk. meetⅤ. Put the following English into Chinese.1. In its specifics, each structure is tailored to suit its environment,
arranged to perform its own particular function, and designed to
reflect personal tastes and preferences.2. To some degree each construction project is unique, and no two
jobs are ever quite alike.3. It is unlikely that field construction will ever be able to adapt itself
completely to the standardized methods and product uniformity of
assembly line production.Ⅵ. Put the following Chinese into English.1. 政府机构2. 承包商3. 分包商4. 建筑师5. 保险公司6. 担保公司7. 材料商8. 施工现场ConversationSettling Down
After such a long-distance international flight, the construction crew has finally arrived at the destination. Despite the jet lag and the inconvenience of their stay in the hotel, everyone is busy making preparations for the commencement of the big job, studying the technical data and specifications, discussing the construction plan, and so on.Renting a House(Mr. Zhang, assistant of the project manager, is making telephone calls, trying to rent a house for the crew.)Zhang: Hello, is Mr. Carter there?Woman: Just a minute. He's coming.Carter: Hello. Carter speaking. Who is calling, please?Zhang: My name's Zhang. I have been told that you have a house for ①rent. Is it still available?Carter: Yes. It's a two-storey building with six bed-rooms on the first ②floor and two on the ground floor. It has two bathrooms, one on each floor. There's a good kitchen where you can do some cooking. We also have a cable TV and a telephone that you can use in the house.Zhang: Perhaps it's just what we need. What's the monthly rent?Carter: How long will the lease be?Zhang: About four months.Carter: Then two thousand dollars. And the rent is due at the end of each month. You can use all the utilities, but you have to pay all the bills including the telephone service, cable TV, water, gas and electricity. By the way, you also have to pay a security deposit of one thousand dollars.Zhang: Is there any space for office work in the house?Carter: There is a big sitting room on the ground floor. I think it's where you can do your office work there.Zhang: That's fine. One more thing, are we allowed to install a fax ③machine in the house if we take it? Probably we will need one.Carter: Yes, if you like. But you have to pay all the costs for it.Zhang: Good. Would it be possible for us to go there and have a look tomorrow?Carter: Any time before four o'clock in the afternoon. You can come to my Okis Restaurant in Benque, Cayo District. It's on George Street. Benque is a small town. Everyone here knows Okis. I will wait for you there.Zhang: OK. We will go there tomorrow, around ten o’clock in the morning. Will that be all right for you?Carter: OK. See you tomorrow, sir.Zhang: Thank you, Mr. Carter. See you tomorrow morning.Subletting the Construction Camp(Mr. Yang from COCC has made an appointment by telephone with Mr. Howell, President of World Shelters, a local company which specializes in residential buildings. They are going to talk about the possibility of subletting the construction camp to World Shelters.)Receptionist: Good morning, sir. Can I help you?Yang: Good morning. I have an appointment with Mr. Howell at 9 o'clock.Receptionist: Your name, sir?④Yang: Yang, from COCC, the Hydro.Receptionist: Yes. Mr. Howell is expecting you in his office. Let me ⑤⑥show you in. This way, please.Yang: Thank you.(Entering Mr. Howell's office)Howell: Hello, Mr. Yang. Very pleased to meet you in person.Yang: Very pleased to meet you, too, Mr. Howell.Howell: Take a seat, please.Yang: Thank you.Howell: Well, how is everything going, Mr. Yang?⑦Yang: Not too bad. Just busy. we're quite new here, you know.Howell: What's your first impression of our country?Yang: It's a beautiful country with plenty of primeval forests. People here are friendly and very easy to get along with. It seems to me that most of the people here speak quite different English. It's hard to understand them sometimes.Howell: You will soon get used to it. Only officials, teachers and businessmen speak standard English.Yang: So it seems.⑧Howell: Let's get down to business, Mr. Yang. You asked me on the ⑨phone whether we would like to bid for a construction camp to accommodate eighty men. Could you put it in more details, please?Yang: As you know, the camp will mainly be for the accommodation of about eighty Chinese men who will work for the Hydro. It includes double occupancy staff units, four men occupancy units for workers and cooks, a kitchen and dining unit, shower bath units, office units, a conference room and a recreation unit.Howell: So the camp will accommodate about eighty men. Do you have any specific requirements?Yang: I would like to hear your recommendation.⑩Howell: In my opinion, there's a kind of prefabricated house which is most suitable for such a camp. It's easy and economical to transport, fast to erect and very convenient to dismantle for either relocation or disposal when the whole project is completed.Yang: Sounds fine. What's it made of?Howell: Light concrete slabs. They are often imported from a local supplier in El Salvador.Yang: Good. Would you please give us a quotation for such a camp on a turn-key basis as soon as possible?Howell: All right. Where will the camp be located?Yang: Somewhere on Arenal Road in Benque Town, Cayo District. I'll let you know right after we finalize it with the owner.Howell: Who will be responsible for leveling the ground for the camp site?Yang: We will do that. You will be responsible for the water and power supply. One more thing, this is a duty-free project. So everything imported for it is duty-free. Please take it into consideration in your quotation.Howell: In that case, our quotation will be much lower.Yang: We really appreciate that.Howell: When do you want the camp to be completed?Yang: Within sixty days, starting from our notice to commence the work.Howell: OK, Mr. Yang. I hope we can be given the opportunity to work for you and if so, we will hold ourselves responsible to you and I believe we will surely do a good job.Yang: I hope so, too.Notes
①Is it still available? 这座房子是否还在等待出租？available在这
儿的意思是“仍可租得到的”。
②on the first floor 这儿指的是“在第二层”，是英国用法。注意，
英美人表示楼层的说法不同，例如：“一层”英国人说the
ground floor，而美国人说the first floor，“二层”英国人说the
first floor，而美国人说the second floor，依此类推。
③if we take it 如果我们租下的话，take在口语中常表示“买下”“租下”的意思。例如，在商店看好自己需要买的物品之后，就
可以说，OK, I'll take it.（好吧，这个我买下了）
④the Hydro 在这儿指的是the hydro-electric project（水电工程项
目），是口语用词。
⑤Let me show you in. 让我领您进去。show sb. in意思是“领某
人进来/去”。show sb. out意思是“领某人出来/去”。
⑥This way, please. 请这边走。这是一个省略句，全句为Take
this way, please.
⑦We're quite new here. 我们到这儿没多久。
⑧Let's get down to business. 咱们谈正题吧。get down to sth意
思是“着手做某事”“开始认真对待某事”，例如：get down to
work（开始做工作）。
⑨bid for 为……而投标，例如：bid for an irrigation project（为一
个灌溉工程项目而投标），bid for a cement works（为一个水泥
厂项目而投标）。与该词组有相同意思的还有tender for。
⑩prefabricated house 装配式房屋，活动房屋，prefabricated
house在口语中常用prefab来代替。prefabricated这个词在工程实
施中常常使用，与它搭配的词很多，例如：prefabricated
construction（装配式施工），prefabricated pile（预制桩），
prefabricated unit（预制构件）。ReadingThe Project Manager
The project manager organizes, plans, schedules, and controls the field work and is responsible for getting the project completed within the time and cost limitations. He acts as the focal point for all facets of the project and brings together the efforts of all organizations having inputs into the construction process. He coordinates matters relevant to the project and expedites project operations by dealing directly with the individuals and organizations involved. In any such situation where events progress rapidly and decisions must be consistent and informed, the specific leadership of one person is needed. Because he has the overall responsibility, the project manager must have broad authority over all elements of the project. The nature of construction is such that he must often take action quickly on his own initiative, and it is necessary that he be empowered ①to do so. To be effective he must have full control of the job and be the one voice that speaks for the project. Project management is a ②function of executive leadership and provides the cohesive force that binds together the several diverse elements into a team effort for project completion.
Large projects normally will have a full-time project manager who is a member of his firm's top management. The manager may have a project team to assist him or he may be supported by a central office functional group. When smaller contracts are involved, a single individual may act as project manager for several jobs simultaneously.
An important aspect of a project manager's position is that his duties are normally separate from those of supervision. The day-to-day direction of field operations is handled by a site supervisor or field superintendent. His duties involve working with the foremen, coordinating the subcontractors, directing construction operations, and keeping the work progressing smoothly and on schedule. The fact is that the construction project authority is a partnership effort between the project manager and the field superintendent who work very closely together. Nevertheless, centralized authority is necessary for the proper conduct of a construction project, and the project manager is the central figure.Project Manager Qualifications
To be effective the project manager must possess three essential attributes. First, he must have a considerable background of practical construction experience so that he is thoroughly familiar with the ③workings and intricacies of the construction industry. Without such a basic grounding in construction fundamentals, the project manager would be completely unprepared to carry out his responsibilities.
Second, the project manager must have, or have available to him, persons with expertise and experiences in the application of specialized management techniques to the planning, scheduling, and control of construction operations. because much of the management system is often computer based, the project manager must have access to adequate computer support services.
Third, the project manager must have the personality and insight that will enable him to work well with other people, often under very strained and trying circumstances. The manager, after all, cannot accomplish everything through his efforts alone. He must work with and through people in the performance of his duties. This requires an appreciation and understanding of the human factor. Without this, his other attributes, however commendable, will be of limited effectiveness.Notes
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