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南京大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年南京大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Phrase Translation
1．可持续性发展【答案】sustainable development
2．安居工程【答案】affordable housing project
3．特区政府【答案】Special Administrative Region; special district government
4．全球变暖【答案】global warming
5．个人所得税【答案】individual income tax
6．知识产权【答案】intellectual property rights
7．弱势群体【答案】disadvantaged groups; the disadvantaged
8．应试教育【答案】exam-oriented education
9．内需【答案】domestic demand
10．通货膨胀【答案】inflation
11．为促进祖国统一, 就要有适当的方法。【答案】reunification
12．搞改革,总难免要犯错误，这是历史经验证明了的。【答案】historical experience
13．海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞。【答案】Both sides of the Taiwan Straits
14．我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展的发达的农业。（本题两处划线）【答案】Farming; Agriculture
15．WTO【答案】World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
16．EU【答案】European Union欧盟
17．IMF【答案】International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织
18．APEC【答案】Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织
19．UNESCO【答案】United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
20．CNN【答案】Cable News Network美国有线电视新闻网
21．Pentagon【答案】五角大楼(美国国防部)
22．Globalization【答案】全球化
23．EL Nino【答案】厄尔尼诺现象
24．Apartheid【答案】种族隔离制
25．Although no longer slaves after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant art in the life of white America except as servants and laborers.【答案】美国白人
26．His grandmother was a gypsy woman once, but settled there when the boy s mother was born.【答案】吉普赛人
27．Four days after liftoff on July 20, the Eagle landing craft fell to an altitude of ten miles, then fired its rocket to slow itself out of orbit and into descent（本题两处划线）【答案】发射，起飞; 登陆艇
28．The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the ME conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and Arabs acknowledgement of Israel s right to exist.【答案】中东冲突
II. Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people the cooking and serving and cleaning a chore. But today it doesn’t feel that way. The host perhaps it s you stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what we’re thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belonging.
As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical. Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitude not to mention the abundance that Thanksgiving summons.
It’s tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn’t true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year we’re in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions.
And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed emotions. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year. The shadow of a war and misgivings over the future loom in the minds of many of us. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving, but this year, somehow, the holiday feels like part of a public effort to remember and reclaim for ourselves what it means to be American.
That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored every day of the year in the life of these nation principles of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is a feast that no one should be turned away from. The abundance of the food piled on the table should signify that there is plenty for all, plenty to be shared. The welcome we feel makes sense only if we also extend it to others.【参考译文】
在一年中其他星期，今天也只不过是个普通的星期四，所有的人聚在一起做饭上菜，清洗杯盘，少不了麻烦一番。但是今天则不感觉麻烦。主人—也可能是你—会站起来邀我们说一些感激的话，我们也会以自己的方式表示感激。我们感激的无非是裹腹之物、栖身之所、亲友陪伴，最重要的是那份归属感。
在众多的节日里，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会开始珍视那些习以为常的东西。要是我们在未开动就餐之时祈祷片刻，我们会看到在一成不变的生活背后的真正含义。换言之，我们会觉得我们是如此富有也或者不是，我们也会认为自己是富有的。今天是难得美国人会把欲望搁置一边的几个节日之一，哪怕是因为欲望和感恩节说倡导的感恩总是格格不入，更不用说那一桌冯胜的菜肴了。
人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客和菜式不同，感恩节年年依旧。然而则不然。这总是我们现在正享受的节日。感恩节反映我们这一年来的过得好坏与否。有些年这个节日是令人愉快的，几乎整个都是喜气洋洋的。有些年，它可能充满了美国人通常不会表现出来的谦卑。
那么今年呢？我们可能记住的是感恩节好似一个交织着复杂情感的盛宴。毕竟，这是一个具有深远意义的美国特色节日之一。一如既往的经济衰退在今年尤显严重。战争的阴影和对未来的担忧一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。很多年我们享受着感恩节带给我们的愉悦，但是今年，它像是我们和国人一起努力去记住和沉思对作为美国人来说它意味着什么。
那么它意味着我们应该对一些基本原则而感恩，一些应该在这个国家生活每日被推崇的原则，也就是慷慨，容忍和包容的原则。这是一个不会有人会拒绝的节日。堆在桌上丰富的食物应该意味着还有很多可以被分享的食物。我们感受到的感激只有在别人也感激我们的时候才会显得有意义。
Section B English to Chinese
上个世纪中，现代科学技术的各个部门以前所未有的速度迅猛地向前发展，科学家们在基础研究领域取得一系列突破性进展，由此产生的大量应用技术得以迅速推广，人们的生活质量大大提高，人类社会在这100年中创造出了比过去一个千年还要多的物质财富，人类社会由此呈现出空前的繁荣景象!
然而，随着科学技术每个领域里的惊人进步，我们的面前展现出越来越广阔的未知世界，传统的观念和理论受到有力的冲击，新技术革命的浪潮已经并且还在引起生产组织、产业结构和社会生活的重大变革。
从某种意义上说，科学技术的发展也给人类社会，尤其是给众多富有社会责任感的科学家和学者们带来了新的挑战，如何给予科学发展更多的人文关怀，如何在科学技术日新月异的时代建设一个和平友爱，保持均衡、可持续发展的绿色世界，成为当前最重要的课题之一!【参考译文】
In the 20th century, every division of modern science and technology advanced at an unprecedented speed. Breakthroughs were made in fundamental research fields. From the achievements in these fields, a large amount of technology derived and was quickly applied, which contributed to the dramatic improvement of human life. The wealth produced in this one hundred years exceeded the wealth accumulated in the previous one thousand years. The human society has shown an unprecedented prosperity.
However, with the remarkable development in every field of science and technology, the world of unknown has gradually unveiled itself. The conventional values and principles have been challenged. The wave of the new technological revolution has triggered significant reformations in production organizations, industry structure, society and life.
In a sense, the scientific and technological development has brought new challenges to humanity, especially to those responsible scientists and scholars. How to bring more humanity to scientific advancement How to build a green world with peace and balanced, sustainable development in an age with a rocketing advancement in science and technology Currently, these are topics of utmost importance.
2011年南京大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Phrase Translation
1．WHO【答案】World Health Organization世界卫生组织
2．CBD【答案】Central Business District中央商业区，中心商务区
3．CPU【答案】Central Processing Unit中央处理器
4．IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)
5．ISO【答案】International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织
6．OPEC【答案】Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织
7．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization)
8．Euromart【答案】European Common Market欧洲共同市场
9．Guiness Book of Record【答案】吉尼斯世界纪录
10．negative population growth【答案】人口负增长
11．the European Economic Community【答案】欧洲经济共同体
12．World Intellectual Property Organization【答案】世界知识产权组织
13．Global warming is believed to be the results of an enhanced greenhouse effect.【答案】全球变暖被认为是一个增强的温室效应的结果
14．The English system of house buying depends initially upon a gentleman’s agreement between the buyer and the seller without any backing from the law.【答案】英国的买房制度最初是依赖买卖双方没有法律支持的君子协定
15．The I-steel is frequently used in construction.【答案】工字形钢常被用在建筑施工中
16．安居工程【答案】Affordable Housing Project
17．不可再生资源【答案】non-renewable resources
18．多党合作制【答案】the system of multi-party cooperation
19．工业园区【答案】industrial parks/zones
20．绿色食品【答案】green food
21．泡沫经济【答案】bubble economy
22．人才流失【答案】brain drain
23．售后服务【答案】after-sale service
24．技术下乡【答案】spread technological knowledge to farmers
25．可持续发展【答案】sustainable development
26．老字号【答案】time-honored brands; an old and famous shop or enterprise
27．台湾回归祖国，完成统一大业是我们这一代人光荣的历史使命【答案】The return of Taiwan to the embrace of the Motherland and the accomplishment of national reunification is the great and glorious historical mission of us this generation.
28．学分制【答案】credit system
29．独立关税地区【答案】separate customs territory
30．精神文明【答案】cultural and ideological progress; spiritual civilization
II. Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
The Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting about 1760. It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes. I think of it as the English Revolution.
What makes it especially English? Obviously, it began in England. England was already the leading manufacturing nation. But the manufacture was cottage industry, and the Industrial Revolution begins in the villages. The men who make it are craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, and the blacksmith. What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.
During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers. The summer faded. Trade grew more competitive. By the end of the century the needs of industry were harsher and more pressing. The organization of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough. Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed. Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.【参考译文】
工业革命是开始于1760的一系列变革。它绝非是唯一的：它是三场革命中的一场，另外两场革命分别是始于1775的美国独立战争和始于1789年的法国大革命。把工业革命与两场政治革命放在一起来讨论似乎有些奇怪。但是事实上它们都是社会革命。工业革命只是以英国化的方式使社会发生改变，我把他看成英国革命。
是什么使这次革命极其英国化？很显然，它开始于英格兰。英格兰已经是领先的生产国，但是制造业都是家庭手工业，因此工业革命
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