作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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中国科学院考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题及详解
PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)
Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1．In a materialistic and ______ society, people’s interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.
A. adaptive
B. addictive
C. acquisitive
D. arrogant【答案】C【解析】句意：在一个物欲和贪财的社会中，人们的目光似乎只盯在对金钱的追求上。acquisitive(尤指对物质财富、钱财等)渴望得到的，想获得的。adaptive适合的，能适应的。addictive上瘾的，醉心的。arrogant傲慢的，自大的。
2．Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live ______.
A. subtly
B. frugally
C. explicitly
D. cautiously【答案】B【解析】句意：即使我赢得了一百万美元的彩票，我也会继续保持我的节俭生活。frugally节俭地，不豪华地。subtly巧妙地，精细地。explicitly明确地，显而易见地。cautiously慎重地，细心地。
3．Doctors must inform ______ parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.
A. protective
B. respective
C. prospective
D. perspective【答案】C【解析】句意：医生必须告知期望做生育治疗的父母此种治疗的低成功率。prospective未来的，预期的。protective保护的，防护的。respective各自的，各个的。perspective透视的。
4．Moshe Katzma, 24, denied any ______ with the beating given to the homeless man, who was found outside a National Headquarters office.
A. involvement
B. admission
C. isolation
D. access【答案】A【解析】句意：二十四岁的Moshe Katzma否认与在国家总部办公室外发现的那个无家可归的人的被殴打事件有任何瓜葛。involvement with参与，有瓜葛。admission许可，承认。isolation隔离，孤立。access通路，接近的机会。
5．There are an estimated eight million people currently thought to be eligible to ______ income tax.
A. reclaim
B. recover
C. restore
D. return【答案】D【解析】句意：据估计，近期约有八百万人被认为有资格申报所得税。return申报，填报，如return the details of one’s income申报个人收入细目（报税）。reclaim取回，要求归还。restore恢复，归还，修复。
6．As the sky lightened even more, they began to ______ their surroundings more clearly.
A. fall out
B. fall into
C. make up
D. make out【答案】D【解析】句意：当天更亮一点时，他们开始更清楚地查看周边的环境。make out看清楚，弄清。fall out争吵，跌落。fall into分成，落入，开始讨论。make up弥补，和解，化妆。
7．China’s ______ cultural heritage should be better protected through increased efforts to preserve endangered art.
A. inalienable
B. intangible
C. intelligible
D. indivisible【答案】B【解析】句意：通过增加对濒危艺术的保护，中国的非物质文化遗产可以得到更好的保护。intangible无形的，难以理解的。intangible cultural heritage非物质文化遗产。inalienable(权利等)不可剥夺的，不可分割的。intelligible可理解的，纯概念性的。indivisible不可分割的，极微小的。
8．The matter is ______ settled; we may look upon it as being settled.
A. as long as
B. for good
C. for sure
D. as good as【答案】D【解析】句意：这件事差不多解决了，我们可以就当它已经解决了。as good as和…几乎一样，事实上。as long as只要，长达…之久。for good永久地，一劳永逸地。for sure肯定地，确实如此。
9．An announcement of further cuts in government expenditure is ______.
A. imminent
B eminent
C. illiterate
D. emergent【答案】A【解析】句意：最近将发布进一步削减政府开支的公告。imminent即将发生的，逼近的。eminent值得注意的，卓越的，高耸的。illiterate文盲的，无知的。emergent突如其来的，新兴的。
10．The ______ in our soaps should come only from essential oils, which are steamed or pressed from plants.
A. scents
B. scenarios
C. scenes
D. scales【答案】A【解析】句意：我们用的香皂中的香味只能来自从植物中蒸馏或挤压出来的香精油。scent香味，气味。scenario剧情梗概，事态，设想。scene现场，场景。scale鳞片，水垢。
11．A ______ of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alike.
A. value
B. merit
C. factor
D. worth【答案】B【解析】句意：这种方法的一个优点就是变量能以一种可视的方式展现出来，无论是多面手还是专家都可以理解。merit/value/worth都可用做名词，含“优点”、“价值”的意思，具体区别如下：merit指“成就或品质中值得赞扬的优点”；value指“重要性”、“价值”；worth着重指“人或物本质中的优点或价值”。
12．Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will ______ a more powerful figure who promises them help and/or salvation.
A. be prone to
B. give in to
C. live up to
D. put an end to【答案】B【解析】句意：绝望、饥渴与憎恨都使人们更加可能臣服于一个更加强壮的许诺帮助或拯救他们的人物。give in to屈服于，向…呈上。be prone to倾向于，易于。live up to实践，做到。put an end to结束，终止。
13．The sentence given to the criminal was much too ______; murder should carry the maximum penalty.
A. negligent
B. solitary
C. lenient
D. tedious【答案】C【解析】句意：对这个罪犯的处罚太仁慈了；谋杀就应该被处以最高惩罚。lenient宽大的，仁慈的。negligent粗心的，随便的。solitary独居的，荒凉的。tedious沉闷的，单调乏味的。
14．Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more ______ than the wooden box.
A. terminal
B. durable
C. persistent
D. bearable【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管不好看，拉尔夫知道这个铁盒子会比木盒子耐用。durable不易损坏的，坚固的。terminal末端的，不治的。persistent固执的，反复出现的。bearable承受得住的，经得起的。
15．In China, although people in many regions earn much less than those in prosperous regions, they also pay much less for ______ commodities, such as housing.
A. disposable
B. redundant
C. equivalent
D. interchangeable【答案】C【解析】句意：在中国，尽管在许多地区人们挣的钱比在繁华地区少很多，但同等商品的物价也会低很多，比如说房子。equivalent相同的，等价的。disposable一次性使用的，可任意的。redundant多余的，大量的。interchangeable可互换的，可交替的。
16．This leads record companies to treat musicians as contracted artists who are not paid a fixed sum for their labor-time, but instead receive royalties in ______ to their success.
A. addition
B. relation
C. percentage
D. proportion【答案】D【解析】句意：这导致唱片公司将音乐家当签约艺术家对待，他们不是按工作时间的多少领取固定报酬而是按照他们的成就获取相应的提成。in proportion to与…成比例。in addition to除…以外，除…之外还。in relation to关于…，与…相比较。percentage百分率，利息。
17．Terrorists will go to any length to ______ their evil ends, and pay no attention to the basic living rights of other peace-loving people.
A. reach
B. gain
C. achieve
D. succeed【答案】C【解析】句意：恐怖主义者将会不择手段地达到他们的邪恶目的，完全不会顾及其他和平爱好者的基本生存权利。gain one’s end和achieve one’s end都有“达到目的”的意思，但二者的侧重点有所不同。achieve侧重指“经过努力达到某种目的”；gain侧重指“经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益或通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西”。
18．Australia continued the fight to end Japan’s annual whale hunts, warning that its plan to kill humpback whales in Antarctica could ______ outrage.
A. spark
B. lead
C. result
D. involve【答案】A【解析】句意：澳大利亚继续为阻止日本每年的捕鲸活动而奋斗，警告说日本捕杀南极洲座头鲸的计划会引起人们的愤怒。spark outrage引起愤怒，固定搭配。
19．At the moment every culture in Britain has a similar philosophy as far as size ______: if you want to look good and be desirable, you’ve got to be thin.
A. shows
B. states
C. says
D. goes【答案】D【解析】句意：就体形而言，现在英国的各个文化群体有着相同的观点：如果你想看起来美丽性感，你就得瘦。as far as it goes就其本身而言，就目前的情况而论。
20．Women who entered voluntary work during the inter-war years did so largely because it provided them with ______ from household routine.
A. distortion
B. diversion
C. dissipate
D. discount【答案】B【解析】句意：在两次世界大战之间的那些年中，参加志愿者工作的女性相当多，因为这可以让她们暂时放下繁琐的家务。diversion偏离、转向；消遣、娱乐。discount折扣；漠视，低估。distortion扭曲，扭歪。dissipate（动词）使消散，驱散，浪费。
PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so (21)_____ with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that you’d think this was a new sort of (22)_____ which all of us are now required to learn. The strongest impression the casual reader gets is that proper dying has become an extraordinary, (23)_____ an exotic experience, something only the specially trained can do.
(24)_____, you could be led to believe that we are the only (25)_____ capable of being aware of death, and that when the rest of nature is experiencing the life cycle and dying, one generation after (26)_____, it is a different kind of process, done automatically and trivially, or more “natural”, as we say.
An elm in our backyard (27)_____ the blight(枯萎病) this summer and dropped stone dead, leafless, almost overnight. One weekend (28)_____ was a normal-looking elm, maybe a little bare in spots but (29)_____ alarming, and the next weekend it was gone, passed over, departed, taken. Taken is right, for the tree surgeon came by yesterday with his (30)_____ of young helpers and their cherry picker, and took it down branch by branch and carted it off in the back of a red truck, everyone (21)_____.
The dying (32)_____ a field mouse, at the jaws of an amiable household cat, is a spectacle I have beheld many times. It (33)_____ to make me wince. However, early in life I gave up throwing sticks (34)_____ the cat to make him drop the mouse, (35)_____ the dropped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.
21．A. contained
B. embraced
C. packed
D. littered
22．A. ability
B. skill
C. quality
D. technology
23．A. and
B. even
C. yet
D. but
24．A. Furthermore
B. However
C. Even so
D. Since then
25．A. races
B. creatures
C. people
D. human
26．A. the other
B. another
C. the next
D. the following
27．A. caught
B. held
C. took
D. picked
28．A. that
B. which
C. it
D. this
29．A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. everything
30．A. crew
B. members
C. corps
D. fellows
31．A. sings
B. sand
C. sung
D. singing
32．A. to
B. in
C. for
D. of
33．A. was
B. was used
C. used
D. was about
34．A. into
B. on
C. at
D. off
35．A. but
B. because
C. while
D. in order that【答案与解析】
21．C be packed with充满了，塞满了。be littered with使…充满（垃圾，废弃物等）。
22．B learn a skill学一种技能，与上文提到的“书中满是执行这项功能的一步一步的指示”相对应。
23．B 句意：那些随便看看书的人的最深刻的印象就是正确的死亡方法已经成为了一种特别的甚至是奇异的经历，只有那些受过特殊训练的人才能做到。even表递进。
24．A furthermore而且，此外；表示对上文内容的补充与延伸。however然而，可是；表转折。even so虽然如此，即使这样。since then从那时起。
25．B 本句提到the rest of nature，即作者把“我们”跟自然界其他所有的生物相比较。因此creatures更符合语境。
26．B one after another一个接一个地，相继地。
27．A catch感染上（疾病），患（病）。
28．C it指代the elm（榆树），与接下来的it was gone, passed over...中的it相同。
29．C nothing alarming没什么令人担心的，与前面提到的normal-looking相对应。
30．A crew一起工作的人，一群做同一工作的人。member成员，会员。corps军团或经专门训练或有特种使命的队，组，团。fellow同伴，同事。如果用fellows，则可以省掉of young helpers。
31．D 现在分词做伴随状语。
32．D a field mouse 为dying 的定语，根据下文可以得出句意为“一只田鼠的死”，中间的插人语表示它是如何死掉的。
33．C used to do过去常常做某事。be used to do被用来做某事。be to和be about to都表示“将要，刚要”。
34．C throw at向…扔去，掷去。throw into扔进，使…（突然）陷入。throw on匆忙穿上。throw off甩掉，去除，使迷惑。
35．B “被猫放走的老鼠通常走掉后还是会死”是我放弃了“向猫扔棍子迫使它把老鼠放掉”的原因。
PART III READING COMPREHENSION
Section A (60 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Writing about music is like dancing about architecture, or so the saying goes. Sometimes attributed to Frank Zappa, other times to Elvis Costello, this quote is usually intended to convey the futility of such an endeavor, if not the complete silliness of even attempting it. But Glenn Kurtz’s graceful memoir, Practicing: A Musician’s Return to Music, turns the expression on its head, giving it a different meaning by creating a lovely, unique book.
Kurtz picked up the guitar as a kid in a music-loving family, attended the Long Island music school, and went on to play on Merv Griffin’s TV show before graduating from Tufts University. Motivating the young Kurtz was the dream of reinventing classical guitar, as if by his great ambition alone he could push it from the margins of popular interest to center stage—something not even accomplished by the late Spanish guitarist Andrés Segovia, perhaps the only artist of the form ever to reach anything resembling widespread celebrity.
This book reads like a love story of sorts: Boy meets guitar. Boy loves guitar. Guitar breaks boy’s heart or, more precisely, the ordinariness of a working musician’s life does so. “I’d just imagined the artist’s life naively, childishly, with too much longing, too much poetry and innocence and purity,” Kurtz writes. “The guitar had been the instrument of my dreams. Now the dream was over.”
Boy leaves guitar. Were the story to end here, this book would be a tragedy, but after nearly a decade the boy returns to guitar, and although he has lost the enthusiasm he had in his youth, he finds his love of the guitar again in a way he never could have appreciated before.
Although Kurtz is writing about a unique musical path, his journey speaks eloquently to the heart of anyone who has ever desperately yearned to achieve something and felt the sting of disappointment. “Everyone who gives up a serious childhood dream—of becoming an artist, a doctor, an engineer, an athlete—lives the rest of their life with a sense of loss, with nagging what ifs,” he writes “Is that time and effort, that talent and ambition, truly wasted?”
36．The quotation mentioned in Paragraph 1 implies that writing about music is ______.
A. an ambitious attempt
B. a modern form of art
C. an impossible task
D. a rewarding experience
37．As a young man Glenn Kurtz wanted to ______.
A. surpass Andrés Segovia’s achievement
B. transform classical guitar
C. become a TV music star
D. live on arts
38．What does the passage say about classical guitar?
A. It is not popular with the public.
B. It is not an easy skill to master.
C. It is a favorite of many young people.
D. It is a craze in some countries like Spain.
39．According to the passage, Andrés Segovia ______.
A. helped Glenn Kurtz to become a good guitarist
B. made classical guitar become a popular form
C. was a well-known classical guitarist
D. was Glenn Kurtz’s role model
40．Paragraph 3 suggests that what “the ordinariness of a working musician’s life” does to the boy is ______.
A. keep him in great excitement
B. bring him great disappointment
C. help him create great music
D. tell him a great musician’s duty
41．The book Practicing: A Musician’s Return to Music mainly tells that _______.
A. one will be made bitter by his frustration
B. reliving old dreams can be rewarding
C. without dreams life is incomplete
D. it’s inevitable for a musician to experience setbacks【答案与解析】
36．C 本段第二句的用词：futility（无益，徒劳无功）和silliness（愚蠢，糊涂）与选项C的描述最贴近。
37．B 第二段提到young Kurtz的梦想是reinventing classical guitar。reinvent彻底改造，重新使用。transform改革，使改变（性质、机能等）。
38．A 第二段提到Kurtz年轻时的梦想就是改造古典吉他，to push it from the margins of popular interest to center stage“把它从大众兴趣的边缘推到中央舞台上”。由此可知传统吉他并不受大众欢迎。
39．C 第二段最后一句话提到Andrés Segovia是惟一一位获得相当知名度的吉他演奏家。其他三个选项文中并未提及。
40．B 本段提到吉他伤碎了男孩的心，或者更准确地说是一个工作中的音乐家平凡的生活伤碎了他的心。可见音乐家平凡的生活很令男孩失望。
41．C 最后一段提到这本书告诉人们说放弃了儿时梦想的人终生都会有一种失落感，后悔自己没有做到…，即此书暗示了没有梦想的人生是不完整的。
Passage Two
As with any work of art, the merit of Chapman Kelley’s “Wildflower Works I” was in the eye of the beholder.
Kelley, who normally works with paint and canvas, considered the twin oval gardens planted in 1984 at Daley Bicentennial Park his most important piece.
The Chicago Park District considered it a patch of raggedy vegetation on public property that could be dug up and replanted at will like the flower boxes along Michigan Avenue. And that’s what happened in June 2004, when the district decided to create a more orderly vista for pedestrians crossing from Millennium Park via the new Frank Gehry footbridge.
If you’re looking for evidence that the rubes who run the Park District don’t know art when they see it, all you have to do is visit what’s left of Kelley’s masterpiece. The exuberant 1.5-acre tangle of leggy wildflowers is now confined to a tidy rectangle, restrained on all sides by a knee-high hedge and surrounded by a closely cropped lawn. White hydrangeas and pink shrub roses complete the look. We don’t know who’s responsible for the redesign, but we’ll bet the carpet in his home doesn’t go with the furniture.
Still, you’d think the Park District was within its rights to plow under prairie. Wrong. Kelley just won a lawsuit in which he argued that the garden was public art and therefore protected by the federal Visual Artists Rights Act. Under that law, the district should have given him 90 days’ notice that it intended to mess with his artwork instead of rushing headlong into the demolition, a la Meigs Field. That way Kelley could have mounted a legal challenge, or at least removed the plants.
Park District officials said they never considered the garden a work of art, even though it was installed by an established artist and not, say, Joe’s Sod and Landscaping. We can understand their confusion. Just recently, we figured out that the caged greenery directly south of Pritzker Pavilion is supposed to be an architectural statement and not a Christmas tree lot.
All that’s left is for the district to compensate Kelley for his loss. Whatever price the parties settle on, let’s hope the agreement also provides for the removal of the rest of “Wildflower Works I.” If it wasn’t an eyesore before—and plenty of people thought it was…it sure is now.
42．It is implied in the first Paragraph that the public ______.
A. paid little attention to “Wildflower Works I”
B. appreciated the value of “Wildflower Works I”
C. tolerated the ugliness of “Wildflower Works I”
D. had their own views on “Wildflower Works I”
43．The boldfaced word “rubes” in Paragraph 4 most likely means ______.
A. experts
B. laymen
C. fools
D. artists
44．According to the passage, the one who redesigned the Park must ______.
A. know Kelly’s work well
B. have a terrible taste in art
C. like conventional layouts
D. always put the public’s need first
45．Which of the following was NOT true about “Wildflower Works I”?
A. It was designed by the famous artist Chapman Kelley.
B. There are two oval gardens at Daley Bicentennial Park.
C. The public voted for demolishing the gardens.
D. The Chicago Park District did not deem it a piece of art.
46．Why did Kelly win the lawsuit?
A. Kelly had a very capable lawyer.
B. The Park District had no right to demolish it.
C. The Park District should take the public’s opinion first.
D. The Park District should have informed Kelly of the demolition.
47．What’s the author’s attitude towards the present “Wildflower works I”?
A. He takes a neutral position
B. He believes in the long arm of the law
C. He regards it a masterpiece of public art
D. He is in favor of demolishing the ugly garden.【答案与解析】
42．D 第一段提到公众对“Wildflower Works I”的态度是“in the eye of the beholder”（情人眼里出西施），也就是说他们喜欢的就觉得好，不喜欢的就觉得不好，各有各的看法。
43．C 本段提到the rubs不懂艺术。rube村夫，乡下人。laymen外行，凡人。fool傻子，愚人。有句俗话The fool wander, the wise man travel.是说愚人只知道瞎逛，智者才知道欣赏。可见这里的乡下人是指不懂得欣赏的愚人。
44．B 第四段在描述完重新设计的the Park后，作者说他敢打赌，重新设计者家的地毯肯定与家具不协调，也就是说设计者极其没有艺术品味。
45．C 选项A、B、D可分别在第一、二、三段找到相应的描述。文章提到the gardens是公众财产，公众也不喜欢它，但没提到公众投票将其拆毁。
46．D 第五段提到花园受到the federal Visual Artists Rights Act的保护，the district应该在采取行动前90天通知Kelly。
47．D 最后一段作者提到他希望清除Wildflower Works I的剩余部分，并说它是an eyesore（一个刺眼的东西）。由此可见作者支持拆毁这个花园。
Passage Three
A few years ago, in their search for ways to sell more goods, advertising men hit on a new and controversial gimmick. It is a silent, invisible commercial that, the ad men claim, can be rushed past the consumer’s conscious mind and planted in his subconscious—and without the consumer’s knowledge.
Developed by James Vicary, a research man who studies what makes people buy, this technique relies on the psychological principle of subliminal perception. Scientists tell us that many of the sights coming to our eyes are not consciously “seen.” We select only a few for conscious “seeing” and ignore the rest. Actually the discarded impressions are recorded in the brain though they are below the threshold of consciousness.
There’s little doubt in Vicary’s mind as to the subliminal ad’s effectiveness. His proof can be summed up in just two words: sales increase.
In an unidentified movie house not so long ago, unknown audiences saw a curious film program. At the same time, on the same screen on which the film hero was courting the heroine a subliminal projector was flashing its invisible commercials.
“Get popcorn,” ordered the commercial for a reported one three-thousandths of a second every five seconds. It announced “Coca-Cola” at the same speed and frequency to other audiences. At the end of a six weeks trial, popcorn sales had gone up 57 percent, Coke sales 18 percent.
Experimental Films Inc. says the technique is not new. It began research on subliminal perception in 1954. Experimental Films stresses that its equipment was designed for helping problematic students and treating the mentally ill. At NYU two doctors showed twenty women the projected image of an expressionless face. They told the subjects to watch the face for some change of expression. Then they flashed the word angry on the screen at subliminal speeds. Now the women thought the face looked unpleasant. When the word happy was flashed on the screen instead, the subjects thought the woman’s facial expression looked much more pleasant.
Subliminal techniques, its promoters believe, are good for more than selling popcorn. Perhaps the process can even be used to sell political candidates, by leaving a favorable impression of the candidate in the minds of the electorates subliminally.
How convincing are these invisible commercials? Skeptical psychologists answer that they aren’t anywhere near as effective as the ad men would like to think they are. Nothing has been proven yet scientifically, says a prominent research man.
48．Subliminal perception is when one ______.
A. has an attempt to buy with a good reason
B. recalls some past events and activities
C. enjoys seeing some images in his mind
D. gets a mental picture without consciousness
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]