作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
中山大学外国语学院833英语语言文学历年考研真题及详解试读：
2017年中山大学833英语语言文学考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ Linguistics (75 points)
1. Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. (20 points)
Example: see /siː/; below / bɪ'ləʊ/
(1) thank【答案】/θæŋk/
(2) curious【答案】/'kjʊəriəs/
(3) butcher【答案】/'bʊtʃə(r)/
(4) washed【答案】/wɒʃt/
(5) competence【答案】/'kɒmpɪtəns/
(6) singer【答案】/'sɪŋə(r)/
(7) column【答案】/'kɒləm/
(8) chimney【答案】/'tʃɪmni/
(9) expertise【答案】/ˌekspɜ:'ti:z/
(10) confused【答案】/kən'fju:zd/
2. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points)
(1) When languages share major features that transcend families it may be useful to arrange them by such features rather than by family. This is the study of _____.【答案】language【解析】Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
(2) A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words.【答案】combinations【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning- morphemes and word -formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.
(3) _____ _____ is the accent of Standard English in the United Kingdom, with a relationship to regional accents similar to the relationship in other European languages between their standard varieties and their regional forms.【答案】Received pronunciation【解析】Received pronunciation is an accent of Standard English in the United Kingdom, and is defined as “the standard accent of English as spoken in the south of England”.
(4) Cognates are words that have a _____ etymological origin.【答案】common【解析】A word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language.
(5) A _____ condition is a condition that must apply before an utterance can constitute a speech act.【答案】felicity【解析】Though performatives cannot be true or false, there are still conditions for them to meet to be appropriate or felicitous. These conditions are called felicity conditions.
(6) Embedding is the _____ of one clause within another.【答案】inclusion【解析】Embedding refers to the means by which one clause is included in the sentence (main clause) in syntactic subordination.
(7) Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of _____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds.【答案】symbols【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
(8) The means employed by a language to indicate the relationship between the elements of a sentence include _____ _____, a case system, prepositions and particles.【答案】relative clause【解析】The elements of a sentence can be linked grammatically by means of relative clause, a case system, prepositions and particles.
(9) _____ refers to the way that a word has a form appropriate to the number or gender of the noun or pronoun it relates to.【答案】Agreement【解析】Agreement or concord is defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another., shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category (or categories).
(10) When we consider how language has changed over time we are looking at it from a _____ point of view.【答案】diachronic【解析】When we study language developments through time, it is called diachronic linguistics. It focuses on the differences in two or more than two states of language over decades or centuries.
3. Define the following terms. (25 points)
(1) assimilation【答案】Sounds belonging to one word or one syllable can cause changes in sounds belonging to neighboring words or syllables. This is called assimilation. For example, in English the negative prefix occurs as im- before words such as possible: impossible. As “possible” starts with a bilabial sound, the prefix im- ends in a bilabial sound. Before words like tolerant, however, the prefix is in-: intolerant. As “tolerant” starts with an alveolar sound, the prefix in- ends in an alveolar sound. As the following sounds bring about the change, this process is called regressive assimilation. On the other hand, the difference between the [s] in the English word cats and the [z] in the English word “dogs” is an example of progressive assimilation because the preceding sounds bring about the change.
(2) performative utterance【答案】Austin distinguishes two types of sentences: performatives and constatives. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The uttering of these sentences is, or is a part of, the doing of an action. So they are called performatives. Although performatives cannot be true or false, there are still conditions for them to meet to be appropriate or felicitous. And these conditions are called felicity conditions.
(3) mood【答案】Mood is one of the realization means of interpersonal function. Mood shows what role the speaker selects in the speech situation and what he assigns to the addressee. If the speaker selects the imperative mood, he assumes the role of one giving commands and puts the addressee in the role of one expected to obey orders. Mood is made up of two parts: the “subject” and the “finite” element. The subject can be a noun, a noun phrase, or a clause. Finite elements are tense morphemes, auxiliary verbs and modal verbs that express tense or modality, and they are part of the verb phrase.
(4) creole【答案】When a pidgin develops beyond its role as a trade language and becomes the first language of a social community, it becomes a creole. Creoles have large numbers of native speakers and are not restricted at all in their uses. For example, a French-based creole is spoken by the majority of the population in Haiti, and English-based creoles are used in Jamaica and Sierra Leone. Once a creole is in existence, it may continue almost without change, as appears to be the case for Haiti creole; become extinct; evolve further into a normal language; gradually merge with its base language (e.g. the Standard English) through decreolization, a process by which a creole becomes more like the standard language from which most of its vocabulary comes. For example, an English-based creole may become more like Standard English.
(5) plosive【答案】Plosives are speech sounds produced some form of complete stopping of the airstream (very briefly) and then letting it go abruptly. The English plosives are [p], [b], [t], [d], [k] and [g].
4. Explain the following statements with examples if necessary. (20 points)
(1) Context plays a very important part in the understanding of the meaning of words.【答案】The context determines the meaning. Suppose that we are standing by a river, and I say “I was near that bank yesterday”. You certainly understand the bank as a “river bank”, not a “financial institution”. Likewise, if we are on the Wall Street, and I say “I was near that bank yesterday”, you don’t think that I am referring to the edge of a river. The view that meaning is found in the context within which a particular expression is uttered suggests that we can derive meaning from, or reduce it to, the observable context. Two types of context are recognized: a linguistic context and a situational context. Every utterance occurs in a particular spatio-temporal situation. Each utterance is limited by various factors of the situational context. The linguistic context alone is the weaker form of contextual views. It is principally concerned with the probability of words or expressions co-occurring or collocating with each other. This is obviously an aspect of meaning.
(2) Life has given each of us a different set of experiences, a different set of attitudes, and these colour our perception of the world around us, affect the impression left by an utterance.【答案】One’s speech contains a lot of information about oneself-one’s place of birth, education, work experience, personal interest, your mood, the state of mind, among other things. Language and social factors are closely related. When we study language in relation to society, it is called sociolinguistics. Generally speaking, in sociolinguistics, we are interested in how language factors influence the structure and use of language. It is the field that studies the relations between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the language users live. It is also a field of study that assumes that human society is made up of many related patterns and behaviors, some of which are linguistics. In a sense, language offers people different ways of understanding the world.
Part Ⅱ History of British and American Literature: (75 points)
Instructions: For questions 1-13 (2 points each), choose the correct answer and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. For questions 14-17, write your answer on the answer sheet.
1. All of the following were published during the 1920s EXCEPT
A. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby
B. Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway
C. T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land
D. Henry James’s The Golden Bowl【答案】D【解析】《金碗》（The Golden Bowl）是亨利·詹姆斯的长篇小说代表作之一，出版于1904年。
2. “It allegorizes the Christian struggle to achieve salvation as a journey from the City of Destruction，through such obstacles and distractions as the Slough of Despond and Vanity Fair, to the Celestial City.”
The sentence above describes
A. Gulliver’s Travels
B. Piers Plowman
C. The Fall of Hyperion
D. The Pilgrim’s Progress【答案】D【解析】《天路历程》为英国约翰·班扬创作的长篇小说，讲述了一个坚韧的基督徒为寻求永生而踏上荆棘遍布的漫漫长旅。
Questions 3-5 are based on the following novel titles:
A. The Prince and the Pauper
B. As I Lay Dying
C. An American Tragedy
D. The Portrait of a Lady
3. Which is by Henry James?
4. Which is by William Faulkner?
5. Which is by Theodore Dreiser?【答案与解析】
3. D 《一位贵妇的画像》又称《一位女士的画像》（The Portrait of a Lady）是美国作家亨利·詹姆斯（Henry James）的早期代表作，也是他的杰作之一。
4. B 《我弥留之际》（As I Lay Dying）是美国作家威廉·福克纳William Faulkner创作的作品。
5. C 《美国悲剧》（An American Tragedy）是美国作家西奥多·德莱塞Theodore Dreiser的代表作。
6. Which of the following is NOT a description of Neo-Classicism?
A. It is a literary movement that draws inspiration from the “classical” art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome.
B. It coincided with the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment, and continued into the early 19th century.
C. Its major proponents in English literature include Henry Fielding and Dr. Johnson.
D. It emphasized reason over emotion.【答案】C【解析】亨利·菲尔丁（Henry Fielding）是18世纪英国最杰出的小说家，是英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
The following are the opening lines of four novels. Questions 7-10 are based on them:
A. My father’s name being Pirrip and my Christian name, Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing more explicit than Pip. So I called myself Pip and came to be called Pip.
B. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]