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山东大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2015年山东大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and grammar (30 points)
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. We’ll be very careful and keep what you’ve told us strictly _____.
A. private
B. rigorous
C. mysterious
D. confidential【答案】D【解析】句意：我们会很小心，把你告诉我们的话严格保密。confidential保密的。private私人的，私有的。rigorous严格的，严厉的。mysterious神秘的。
2. Before every board meeting, it is customary for the _____ of the previous meeting to be read out.
A. minutes
B. précis
C. notes
D. protocol【答案】A【解析】句意：每次董事会召开之前，通常都要宣读上次的会议记录。minutes会议记录。précis摘要。notes笔记。protocol法案，议案。
3. He was barred from the club for refusing to _____ with the rules.
A. conform
B. abide
C. adhere
D. comply【答案】D【解析】句意：他因拒绝遵守规则被赶出了俱乐部。考察动词词组固定搭配，四个词均表示“遵守”之意，但与之搭配的介词不同。conform to遵守。abide by遵守。adhere to遵守。comply with遵守。
4. Although the heavy rain stopped, it was at least an hour later that the flood began to _____.
A. retire
B. recede
C. recline
D. retreat【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管大雨停了，但至少还要一小时后洪水才开始消退。recede（洪水）退下。retire退休。recline向后靠，斜倚。retreat撤退。
5. That ancient car of his is a _____ joke among his friends.
A. steady
B. standing
C. settled
D. stable【答案】B【解析】句意：那辆老汽车是他朋友间的一个老笑话。a standing joke为习惯用法，意为“老笑话”。
6. They threw petrol onto the bonfire and the sudden _____ lit up the whole garden.
A. glow
B. twinkle
C. spark
D. flare【答案】B【解析】句意：他们把汽油浇到篝火上，蹿出的火焰照亮了整个花园。flare火焰。glow灼热，发光。twinkle（星星、眼睛等）闪耀，闪烁。spark火星，火花。
7. The human voice often sounds _____ on the telephone.
A. twisted
B. irregular
C. distorted
D. deformed【答案】C【解析】句意：电话里人们的声音听起来经常会有些失真。distorted变形的，失真的。twisted扭曲的。irregular不规则的。deformed畸形的。
8. I always feel he has a _____ against me, although I don’t know what wrong I’ve done him.
A. grudge
B. grumble
C. grunt
D. groan【答案】A【解析】句意：我总觉得她对我怀恨在心,但是我不知道自己是什么地方得罪了她。grudge表示“怨恨，恶意，妒忌”，侧重行动。grumble表示“怨言”，侧重指言语。grunt咕哝，呼噜声。groan呻吟，叹息，吱嘎声。
9. It’s harmful to one’s health to _____ smoking and drinking.
A. take on
B. take to
C. take in
D. take down【答案】B【解析】句意：吸烟喝酒有害身体健康。动词词组辨析。take to喜欢；走向；开始从事。take on承担；呈现。take in领会；欺骗；吸收。take down记下；拿下。
10. Teachers like students to be _____ and listen to what they are saying.
A. absorbed
B. attentive
C. prudent
D. watchful【答案】B【解析】句意：老师们喜欢学生更加专注一些，并能听取他们所讲的内容。attentive留意的，注意的。强调注意力的集中，故符合题意，所以选B项。absorbed被吸收的；被吸引的。prudent谨慎的；精明的；节俭的。watchful注意的；警惕的；警醒的。
11. Those naughty boys were punished because they were caught _____ flowers in the garden.
A. steal
B. to steal
C. stealing
D. to have stolen【答案】C【解析】句意：那些调皮的男孩受到了惩罚，因为他们被撞见在花园里偷花。sb. be caught doing sth.表示“碰上、撞见、发现某人做某事”，其主动结构为catch sb. doing sth.。
12. Miss Smith returned home quite late that night only _____ someone had broken into her garage and stolen her car.
A. finding
B. to find
C. having found
D. to have found【答案】B【解析】句意：史密斯小姐那天晚上很晚才到家，回家后竟然发现有人闯入车库偷走了她的车。考察语法。only与to do不定式结构连用，表示一种令人出乎意料的结果。据此排除A项，C项。因为find这个动作发生在return之后，无需使用完成时态，所以排除D项，故B项最符合题意。
13. He _____ live in the countryside than in the city.
A. would rather
B. had better
C. may as well
D. prefers【答案】A【解析】句意：他宁愿住在乡下，不愿住在城里。would rather do sth. than do sth.为固定搭配，表示“宁愿做某事不愿做某事”。
14. ______ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A. Being published
B. Published
C. Publishing
D. To be published【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管他的作品在这样一个时间出版，但仍然受到了很大关注。考察语法。public与其逻辑主语his work之间是被动关系，故排除C选项。根据句意，他的作品已被出版，不是正在出版或将要出版，故排除A、D两项。所以选B项。
15. A newspaper _____ will sometimes be distributed free with newspaper.
A. complement
B. supplement
C. compliment
D. implement【答案】B【解析】句意：报纸副刊有时会随报纸免费发放。词义辨析题。supplement补充物；增刊，副刊。complement补语；余角；补足物。compliment恭维，称赞。implement工具，器具；手段。
16. She _____ her personal trouble to her mother.
A. conferred
B. confided
C. confessed
D. confined【答案】B【解析】句意：她向妈妈吐露自己的个人问题。confide吐露；委托。confer授予，给予。confess忏悔；供认。confine限制；禁闭。
17. The novel is so popular that there is no one in our class _____ likes to read it.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. but【答案】D【解析】句意：这本小说非常受欢迎，班上没有人不喜欢看。but表示“除了，除……外”，符合句意。who，that，as用在句中均引导定语从句，表示“班上没人喜欢读”，显然与前半句“这本小说很受欢迎”矛盾，故排除A项、B项和C项。
18. The sailors on a ship are a _____.
A. crew
B. team
C. staff
D. gang【答案】A【解析】句意：船上的水手们被称之为船员。crew全体船员。team队；组。staff职员。gang表示“一伙；一组”，指以某种方式结合的一群人，如犯人、奴隶等的一群或者罪犯、流氓、匪徒等的一帮。
19. It is not correct to say a pack of _____.
A. cards
B. lies
C. hounds
D. cows【答案】B【解析】句意：谎话连篇是不对的。a pack of lies为固定搭配，意思为“谎话连篇，一派胡言”。
20. A car broken down in the middle of the road is _____.
A. an obstacle
B. an obstruction
C. a hindrance
D. a difficulty【答案】C【解析】句意：在马路中间抛锚的汽车是一大障碍。近义词辨析。hindrance表示“妨碍；妨害；阻碍物”，强调会妨碍影响其他事情，此题汽车若在马路中间，必然会对交通造成影响，所以符合题意。obstacle表示“障碍，干扰；妨害物”，强调难以跨越。obstruction表示“障碍；障碍物”，仅强调堵塞这一现象。difficulty困难。
Ⅱ. Reading comprehension (40 points)
Section 1 Multiple choice (20 points)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage A
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice, such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.
21. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _____.
A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism
B. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing
C. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing
D. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews
22. Much research has been done on interviews in general _____.
A. so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened
B. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attention
C. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected
D. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing
23. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, _____.
A. but most of them wish to stay away from it
B. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day
C. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it
D. but most of them may not have been interviewed in person
24. Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?
A. The patient.
B. The physician.
C. The journalist.
D. The psychologist.
25. The passage is most likely a part of _____.
A. a news article
B. a journalistic interview
C. a research report
D. a preface【答案与解析】
21. B 第一段倒数第二句“As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice”也就是说新闻学像其他领域一样，对它的系统研究能使我们学到很多东西。本段第二句也说到现在很多新闻学文献或书籍强调的是怎么做新闻采访，而不是帮我们了解采访的概念、情境和意义。第三句说到这些指导怎么做新闻采访的书籍也都是基于个人经验和印象。所以可以看出，作者认为应该重视对新闻采访这一领域的系统研究。故答案为B。
22. C 由第二段第四句“Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview.”可知，有很多关于采访的一般性文献，但是很遗憾的是，这些文献几乎都没有讲到新闻采访，说明新闻采访这个领域被忽视了。故答案为C。
23. D 文章第二段倒数第三句说，“然而，我们之中很少有人真正地受到过媒体的采访，尤其是电视采访。”由此可见，西方人虽然对新闻采访很熟悉，但是大多数人都未被采访过。故答案为D。
24. A 第二段第六句“Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.”也就是说clinical interview是由医生physician和心理医生psychologist实施的，所以指的是诊断面谈，即面诊。所以被面谈者当然是病人。故答案为A。
25. D 文末“...true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates...”意思是说要想真正认识新闻采访，需要分析和研究，正如这本书里所讲。可以推断本文是某书籍的序言。故答案为D。
Passage B
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.
I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn’t care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.
Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.
The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.
26. The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he _____.
A. intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
B. wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality
C. intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist
D. wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college
27. According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can _____.
A. broaden their horizons
B. become noble idealists
C. receive guidance in their careers
D. balance engineering and the liberal arts
28. In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _____.
A. to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
B. to be a technical genius with a wide vision
C. to have an excellent academic record
D. to be wise and mature
29. The author’s experience shows that he was _____.
A. creative
B. irrational
C. ambitious
D. unrealistic
30. The underlined word “they” in “...together they threaten to confuse.” (Para. 5) refers to _____.
A. practicality and rationality
B. engineering and the liberal arts
C. reality and noble ideals
D. flexibility and a value system【答案与解析】
26. C 第三段最后一句“I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.”说明作者既想成为一个技术人才又想成为人文主义者，合二为一。故答案为C。
27. A 文章第二段“I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering.”中expand my vision 与选项A的broaden their horizons属于同义替代。故答案为A。
28. B 第三段最后一句“I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.”第一段中也说到作者想和文科学生交流，开阔眼界。故答案为B。
29. D 第二段第二句“...this was not a practical choice...”，可以看出作者知道去文科院校学工程专业的选择不实际unrealistic。故答案为D。
30. B they是代词，一定是指代前面句子中提到的对象，定位到最后一段第一句“...engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school.”说明工程学和人文学科是不相融的。本句中together they threaten融合到一起就会形成威胁，与前文意思相对应。故答案为B。
Section 2 Answering questions (20 points)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER SHEET.
Questions 31-32
Half a century ago a radio astronomer called Frank Drake thought of a way to calculate the likelihood of establishing contact with aliens. He suggested the following figures should be multiplied: how many stars are formed in the galaxy in a year; what fraction of these have planets and thus form solar systems; the average number of planets per solar system that have the potential to support life; on what percentage of those where it is possible do such biospheres actually form; what percentage of such biospheres give rise to intelligent species; what percentage of intelligent life is able to transmit signals into space; and for how long could such intelligence keeps sending signals.
This calculation became celebrated as the Drake equation—perhaps the best attempt so far to tame a wild guess. Most of the terms remain hard to tie down, although there is a consensus that about ten stars are formed per year in the galaxy. Also, recent searches for extrasolar planets have concluded that planets are not rare.
At the AAAS, Dr Drake reflected on his search for alien signals. One reason this is hard is that radio telescopes must chop the spectrum into fine portions to study it, like tuning into a signal on a car radio. Another is the tradeoff between a telescope’s field of view and its magnification. Small telescopes see a lot of sky but can detect only strong signals. Large ones, which can detect weak signals, have a narrow focus. Astronomers therefore have difficulty looking both carefully and comprehensively.
Dr Drake said there may be another difficulty. Researchers tend to look for signals similar to those now made by humanity. The Earth, though, is getting quieter because the rise of spread-spectrum communication makes stray emissions less likely than in the past.
Spread-spectrum works by smearing a message across a wide range of frequencies. That has the advantages of combating noise and allowing many signals to be sent at once. But it also makes those signals hard for eavesdroppers to hear (which is why spread-spectrum is beloved by military men). If technologically sophisticated aliens came to the same conclusions, and thus used spread-spectrum technology, humans would have a hard time hearing them. Dr Drake suggests, therefore, that there might be only a narrow window of time in the development of civilizations, analogous to the past 50 years on Earth, during which noisy electromagnetic signals are generated in large amounts.
It is, however, also possible that someone is actively trying to send signals to the Earth. If that were the case, the best way to do this, reckons Paul Horowitz, a physicist at Harvard, is with a laser.
Although radio power has changed little over the decades, the power of lasers has grown exponentially. Today’s most powerful versions can shine ten thousand times brighter than the sun, though only for a billionth of a second. If aliens have made similar progress, and point a laser towards the Earth’s solar system, such brief flashes would be detectable at a distance of many tight-years. Dr Horowitz has already set up one suitable detector and this, because no huge magnification is involved, is capable of looking at broad swathes of sky.
There is also potential for improvement on the radio side. For many years, the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico, which is 300 metres across, has led the search for alien life. Now the Chinese are building a 500-metre telescope, known as FAST, in Guizhou province, and an international collaboration called the Square Kilometer Array is trying, as its name suggests, to build a grid of radio-telescopes over a square kilometer of land in either South Africa or Australia. Both may be helpful. As indeed may a large new telescope in northern California built by Paul Allen, a co-founder of Microsoft.
Many of the terms in the Drake equation are likely to remain elusive, so it is still impossible to predict how likely such efforts are to succeed. But even after 50 fruitless years—if the eagerness in the eyes of Dr Drake and his colleagues is any guide—it still is fun looking.
31. What is Drake equation?
32. What difficulties are there in scientists’ search for alien lives through radio waves?【答案与解析】
31. Drake equation refers to a way proposed by Frank Drake to calculate the likelihood of establishing contact with aliens. Drake equation needs to multiply the following figures: how many stars are formed in the galaxy in a year; what fraction of these have planets and thus form solar systems; the average number of planets per solar system that have the potential to support life; on what percentage of those where it is possible do such biospheres actually form; what percentage of such biospheres give rise to intelligent species; what percentage of intelligent life is able to transmit signals into space; and for how long could such intelligence keeps sending signals.（Drake equation的定义主要集中在第一段。）
32. The difficulties for scientists to search for alien lives through radio waves are as follows. Firstly, radio telescopes must chop the spectrum into fine portions to study it, like tuning into a signal on a car radio. Secondly, the tradeoff between a telescope’s field of view and its magnification needs to be achieved. Thirdly, the rise of spread-spectrum communication makes those signals hard to hear.（第三段介绍了使用无线电波探测外星生物面临其中两个困难。第四段介绍了第三个困难，并且在第五段对此困难进行了详细说明。）
Questions 33-35
In most of the earliest books for children, illustrations were an afterthought. But in the Caldecott “toy books” (named after the British illustrator Randolph Caldecott), which first appeared in 1878, they were almost as important as the lines of text, and occupied far more space in the book. One can almost read the story from the dramatic action in the pictures.
Since then, thousands of successful picture books have been published in the United States and around the world. In the best, the words and illustrations seem to complement each other perfectly. Often a single person is responsible for both writing and illustrating the book. One of the greatest, and certainly one of the most successful, illustrator-authors was Dr. Seuss, whose real name was Theodore Ceisel. His first children’s book, And to Think That I saw It on Mulberry Street, hit the market in 1937, and the world of children’s literature was changed forever. Seuss’s playful drawing were a perfect complement to his engaging stories and unforgettable characters, in 1957, Seuss’s The Cat in the Hat became the first book in Random House’s best-selling series, Beginner Books, written by Seuss and several other authors. These combine outrageous illustrations of people, creatures, and plants, and playful stories written in very simple language. (The Cat in the Hat, for example, uses only 250 words, which is an estimate of the number of words that a six-year-old can read.)
Dr. Seuss is not the only well-known author-illustrator, of course.
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