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全国自考《英语写作》历年真题及详解试读：
2015年10月全国自考《英语写作》真题及详解
课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Enjoying Your Camping Trip
Each year, thousands of people choose to spend their vacations camping in the tent in the great outdoors. With proper planning the experience can be gratifying. Even with the best planning, however, tent camping can be an extremely frustrating experience due to uncontrolled factors such as bad weather, wildlife encounters, and equipment failures.
Nothing can dampen the excited anticipation of camping more than a dark, rainy day. After reaching their destination, campers must then “set up camp” in the downpour. This includes keeping the inside of the tent dry and free from mud, getting the sleeping bags situated properly, and protecting food from the downpour. Wind mixed with rain can result in frigid temperatures, causing any outside activities to be delayed. Often, tents are blown down by the wind, and campers have to begin the frustrating task of “setting up camp” in the downpour.
Another problem likely to be faced during a camping trip is run-ins with wildlife, which can range from mildly annoying to dangerous. Minor inconveniences include mosquitoes and ants. The swarming of mosquitoes can literally drive annoyed campers indoors. Ants do not usually attack campers, but keeping them out of the food can be quite an inconvenience. In addition to swarming the food, ants inside a tent can crawl into sleeping bags and clothing. Although these insects cause minor discomfort, some wildlife encounters are potentially dangerous. There are many poisonous snakes in the woods. An encounter between an unwary camper and a surprised snake can prove to be fatal.
Perhaps the least serious camping troubles are equipment failures; these troubles often plague people camping for the first time. They arrive at the campsite at night and haphazardly set up their tent. They then settle down for a peaceful night’s rest. Sometime during the night the campers are awakened by a huge crash. The tent has fallen down. Sleepily, they proceed to set up the tent in the rain. In the morning, everyone emerges from the tent, except for two. Their sleeping bag zippers have been gotten caught. Finally after fifteen minutes of struggling, they free themselves, only to realize another problem. Their sleeping bags have been touching the sides of the tent. Since a tent is only waterproof if the sides are not touched, the sleeping bags and clothing are all drenched.【答案】
These three types of camping troubles can strike campers almost anywhere. Until some brilliant scientists invent a weather machine to control bad weather or a kind of wildlife defense equipment, unlucky campers will continue to shake their fists in frustration. More likely, equipment will continue to malfunction. Even so, camping continues to be a favorite pastime for people all around the world. If you want camping to be a happy experience for you, learn to laugh at leaky tents, bad weather, and bugs, or you will find yourself frustrated and unhappy.
II. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.What Makes an Exceptional Leader?
On December 14,1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his team made history as the first expedition to reach the South Pole. Thirty-five days later, on January 17, 1912, British explorer Robert Falcon Scott reached the South Pole, with five exhausted men. None survived the brutal journey home. Another noted British explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton, never reached the South Pole. While failing to achieve the first overland crossing of Antarctica, Shackleton succeeded in bringing all 27 members of his expedition party safely home, after 634 days of unbelievable hardship. The polar adventures of Shackleton, Scott, and Amundsen provide fundamental leadership lessons for any leader—no matter what race must be run.
Effective leadership requires a clear strategic focus. With single-minded determination, Amundsen set his plans and priorities on winning the race to the South Pole, for the glory of standing there first. Scott lacked such focus. He assembled the best scientific minds and equipment available for an unprecedented research expedition. But he also aimed to claim the “reward of priority” for the British Empire. Striving for both goals, Scott failed doubly.
Successful leaders are open to new ideas. As a Norwegian, Amundsen began with an advantage over his British rivals: comfort with skiing. Yet, he continued to refine his skills, importing ideas from the Eskimos and developing an integrated set of competencies test scientific minds and equip, and carefully-planned diet, pace, and rest—for polar travel. Scott and Shackleton, however, were surprisingly resistant to the use of novel methods. Ultimately, both relied on the slow, exhausting technique of man hauling.
Leaders need to draw on the collective wisdom of the team. As a leader, Scott believed it was his unique responsibility to analyze situations and draw conclusions, His decision were closely held and sometimes revealed at the last minute. In sharp contrast to Scott, both Amundsen and Shackleton sought ideas and opinion from their men. Through this process, Amundsen and Shackleton gave team members a sense of control and value, resulting in greater ownership and commitment.
The best leaders forge strong bonds. Despite their differences in personality, the enthusiastic Shackleton and the understated Amundsen had strikingly similar approaches to leadership. Both were acutely sensitive to the emotions of their men and skilled at managing conflict. Both emphasized individual ability above rank or social status. And both participated in everyday expedition life, including simple chores. These behaviors, both practical and symbolic, reinforced the message of unity. Although Scottp. Both were acutely sensitive to the emotions of their ,his detachment, emphasis on hierarchy, and one-sided decision-making style created barriers to team unity and damaged morale.
Flaws aside, Shackleton, Amundsen, and Scott shared qualities—exceptional perseverance, determination, and courage—that are crucial for any leader. Leadership success is often relative and always personal. Amundsen led his team and landed on the South Pole successfully; Scott and his men reached the South Pole, but none of them survived the journey home; Shackleton failed in achieving his goal of crossing Antarctica, but he led his team to safety through extreme hardship. Was Shackleton a success or a failure as a leader? The answer depends on how you measure success.
Topic Outline【答案】
Topic Outline:
I. The story of three explorers providing leadership lessons for all leaders
II. Comparable qualities of Amundsen and Shackleton
(1) A clear strategic focus
(2)Open to new ideas
(3)Drawing on the collective wisdom of the team
(4)Forging strong bonds
III. Common qualities shared by the three explorers
III. Compose an essay. (60 points)
In their spare time, some people prefer staying at home enjoying themselves, and some like going out for fun. Which do you prefer? Write a 300-word expository essay to express your opinion.【参考范文】How to Spend Spare Time
With the rapid development of industry and business, Chinese people are becoming more and more occupied with their work and hardly have time to rest and have fun. Accustomed to banging away at work day after day, lots of people have no idea as to what to do in their spare time. As a result, some people have nothing to do but to stay at home.
Some people who prefer to stay at home are coach potatoes who just have strong interest in watching TV or playing computer games. To them, home is the most comfortable place in the world. Some may have been victimized by their daily drudgeries and have lost interest in all outdoor activities. As for these people, they can pick up a lost hobby or start a new one to refresh and energize themselves. Once they step out of the door, they will find the world is still colorful and interesting.
Still others prefer to hang out with friends in their spare time. Some go out to satisfy their stomachs; some are frequent KTV visitors. Many girls like to go to malls or department stores to search out beautiful clothes and desirable shoes. However, these buying and eating recreations are only part of outdoor activities. There are many other things we can do out of the door. Young people can have a short trip with friends in the surrounding places; families can drive to a nearby lake area to have a picnic, taking home-made dishes with them; office workers can take a night walk in the park to relax. These entertainments are economic and refreshing.
As for me, both staying at home and going out for fun are acceptable. It depends on my mood. If I am rather tired after a whole week of work, I may choose to stay at home for a sound sleep. But if I am full of vigor, I would like to take a short trip to breathe more fresh air, leaving all troubles behind.【范文点评】
文章结构合理，层次清晰，语言流畅。第一段引出主题；第二段简单分析了人们经常宅在家中的原因；第三段介绍了人们户外活动的不同方式；最后一段结合自己的看法总结了全文。【闪光词汇】
be occupied with 忙于
be accustomed to 习惯于
refresh oneself 使自己振奋
refreshing 提神的，使人重新振作的
2015年4月全国自考《英语写作》真题及详解
课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.The Doubt That Haunts
When most people are asked to produce something creative, they freeze. They panic. They choke. They seize up with self-doubt. “Creativity?” they say.“Not me!” If you disbelieve this statement, consider how often you try new things in your life. How readily do you try something creative, such as writing, drawing or singing? Most of us believe we can't create and have believed it for so long that the belief has become reality. People possess a large capacity for self-doubt about their creative ability in terms of writing, drawing, and music.
Writing offers a classic example. About 90 percent of adults believe they cannot write, although nearly all young children believe they can write. Self-doubt seems to creep in as we grow older. I witnessed this last year in a college writing class when the instructor asked the students if they ever wrote outside of school. One student raised his hand. When the instructor asked how many students thought of themselves as writers, no students—zero out of twenty—raised his hand. By contrast, a first grade teacher had asked her students the same questions and received quite different responses. Did any first graders write outside of school? Twenty out of twenty-two hands shot up. Did any first graders think of themselves as writers? Twenty-two out of twenty-two hands went up. Plainly, adults are more self-conscious about their creativity than children are.
Drawing is another creative ability that many adults doubt they have. For instance, at a recent family party I suggested we play "Pictionary", which involves drawing clues for secret words. "Absolutely not!" my family said. "We can’t draw." The interesting part, however, is that we played "Pictionary" and had a wonderful time with some very creative drawings. This experience showed me that people often doubt they can be creative because they haven't tried.
Self-doubt about creativity in areas such as writing, drawing, or music seems nearly universal among adults. It seems probable, however, that almost all adults have the capacity for creativity in those areas. People all have the potential to be creative and would be able to express their creative side as long as they try. What keeps people from being creative? In my opinion, people are afraid of looking inept, so they hesitate to try creative things. If people would learn to do things to please themselves rather than to please others, maybe their doubts would disappear.【答案】
Music also provides an example to show self-doubt about creativity. One day, I felt a little dull for staying in the dormitory without anything interesting to do. I suggested my roommates playing a game with me called “Guessing the names of songs”, however, all of them refused my suggestion. Someone said: “Oh, I can’t even carry a tune!” Someone said: “I haven’t heard a lot of songs so I will absolutely lose the game.” Eventually, they agreed to play with me after my long persuasion and we still enjoyed ourselves. In fact, some of them have beautiful voice but they are shy to perform. This story told us sometimes we are afraid of being mocked so that we don’t want to have a try.
II. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.E-Wastes
The past few decades have witnessed amazing advancement in technology, especially in the field of electronics. Despite the remarkable facilities offered by these advances, they have given birth to a new type of hazardous waste, called e-waste. E-waste, containing numerous poisonous wastes, makes hazardous impacts and renders recycling problems.
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is any broken or unwanted electronic device or appliance; sometimes, it is also called WEEE—waste from electrical and electronic equipment. Discarded computers, monitors, televisions, printers, scanners, fax machines, mice, keyboards, CD players, digital cameras, walkie-talkies and cell phones form the major chunk of e-waste.
It has been estimated that around 50 million tons of electronic products are discarded annually around the world. Most of the electronic wastes are produced by developed nations, which are later exported to developing countries for disposal. Since the government regulations are absent or are not enforced in these third world countries, the used electronic products are often easily accessible to the general public, who are exposed to health hazards associated with e-wastes.
The primary concern with e-wastes is the hazardous content they carry. Studies indicate that more than 1000 chemicals including PVC plastics and various types of gases are used for manufacturing electronic products and their components. For instance, computer monitors typically contain lead, a heavy metal known for causing brain damage among children.
Similar to monitors, flat panel TVs contain large amounts of mercury, which is likely to cause cancer. Switches and batteries contain cadmium (镉）and nickel, which are harmful to humans, animals and plants. Metal housing and joints, often coated with chromium corrosion protector (锻铬防护层), cause damage to liver and kidney. Similarly, beryllium (铍）dust generated from relays, connectors and motherboards are highly poisonous to humans.
The waste management of electronic appliances is complicated, primarily because most of the countries are not able to recycle more than 20 percent of the e-waste they generate. The leading reason for this low rate of recycling is the lack of information and initiative on part of the consumers. In addition, in many parts of the world, tons of electronic waste is discarded in illegal dump sites, where no waste monitoring system exists.
The extensive variety of the materials involved in electronic appliances also makes the sorting tedious, thereby rendering the e-waste recycling business less effective. The problem can only be resolved by adopting improved recycling solutions and generating public drive for e-waste recycling.
E-waste represents one of the most diverse mixtures of the waste categories. Increasing at an alarming rate, e-wastes pose serious health hazards to humans and wild life. Consumer awareness and commitment are necessary for controlling the problem. Technological advances such as clean computers and appliances are also beneficial since they can address the problem at root.
Topic Outline【答案】
I. A brief definition of E-waste
II. Details about E-waste
(1) Main sources of E-waste
(2) Harmful chemicals contained in E-wastes
(3)The difficulty of waste management of E-wastes
III. Possible ways to cope with E-waste
III. Compose an essay. (60 points)
Nowadays, a lot of freshmen are escorted by their families to the university on the enrollment day. Write a 300-word expository essay expressing your views on the phenomenon.【参考范文】
Nowadays, it is a common phenomenon that most parents will accompany their children to the university on the enrollment day.
Firstly, this situation is completely understandable. Some are likely to criticize modern parents’ spoiling behavior to their children, which is totally different from the past. But I want to say that most of children have stayed in the classroom all day and spent an enormous amount of time on study. They are cut from society and they know little about it. Being faced with an unexpected situation would launch them into great panic. Parent’s accompaniment provides them with a sense of security.
Secondly, parents may give children an opportunity to let them do things independently. Difficult circumstances can temper one’s will. This experience will definitely leave a deep impression on them, through which they can get to learn the skills of communicating with others, develop the sense of time arrangement and cultivate the self-care ability. After a long period of schooling time, maybe children are longing for doing something different. It’s time to let them experience a new kind of life. Leaving home faraway and getting to their dream university by themselves marks the first step to independence.
Thirdly, the duty of parents is to give children advice on principle issues. The world is rife with too much temptation but they can’t choose to live for children. Growth requires freedom, temper, guidance, courage and it is a hazardous process. Try to let them face it all alone but don’t leave them alone. Love and care is the most important thing to give to children. Your support and love will give your children courage to deal with the hard time in life.【范文点评】
本文结构清晰有逻辑，内容充实。第一段针对此类社会现象做出点评，主要体现出作者对此现象包容的态度。第二段是针对现象的主体提出合理的建议并详细说明了适当地让孩子独立的好处。第三段论述了在让孩子独立成长时父母要给予合理的引导和建议。【闪光词汇】
long for 对……渴望
be rife with 充斥着
hazardous 冒险的
temper one’s will 磨练某人的意志
2014年10月全国自考《英语写作》真题及详解
课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.The Job I Would Like to Do after Graduation
After years of industrious yet fruitful study in college, I will graduate and be ready to serve society by taking up my first job. Most of my classmates consider pay as the top priority in choosing a job, but to obtain a job that is intellectually rewarding, creative, and contributive has been my ambition for many years. I believe that this kind of job is worthiest of devotion.
A job that is intellectually rewarding is one that can provide me with opportunities to deal with books every day, and to busy myself with the mystery of mankind and the universe. In a world in which money is very often valued more than anything else, I sometimes feel as if I were pulled by some evil force to the acquisitive society. Therefore, I wish the job I do in the future will be able to keep me from being enslaved by materialism. Good books, I know, will keep me awake. Moreover, a job, which brings me into contact with great minds, will excite my curiosity and fire my imagination. It will lay one question after another in front of me, urging me to seek the answer. Thus, I will always be able to maintain a youthful spirit.
A contributive job is one that helps to make my country strong and prosperous. I remember my first train journey to the university. On the way I was shocked to see, in some rural areas, the shabby huts that I took for cowsheds but were actually people's dwelling place. Therefore, these huts flash into my mind from time to time, reminding me of my duty to help those people improve their lives. Therefore, the job which I would like to choose after graduation is not one which promises a bright future for myself only, but one which will help to bring about a better life for many other people.
These are what I would seek in my career. Provide me with a job which bears the above characteristics, and I will dedicate myself to it. I trust that an intellectually rewarding, creative and contributive job will give me the greatest satisfaction.【答案】
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