2014中国粮食市场发展报告(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：李经谋

出版社：中国财政经济出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

2014中国粮食市场发展报告试读：

专家顾问编辑委员会

高级顾问（按姓氏笔画排序）

白美清 包克辛 陈锡文

段应碧 聂振邦 高铁生

专家委员会（按姓氏笔画排序）

丁声俊 王献立 邓亦武 方言

卢景波 叶贞琴 朱远洋 乔林选

刘小南 刘文进 李经谋 李思恒

肖永成 肖春阳 吴硕 何毅

何昌垂 宋则 陈春平 陈晓华

杨光焰 赵文先 赵素丽 张红宇

洪涛 耿书海 殷久勇 郭晓利

黄守宏 曹宝明 常清 韩俊

曾丽瑛 程国强 颜波

编辑委员会

主任：刘文进 乔林选

副主任：孙复兴 肖永成 邱清龙

宋贤君 许世文

委员（按姓氏笔画排序）：

申洪源 乔林选 刘文进

刘正敏 许世文 孙复兴

孙忻 宋贤君 肖永成

邱清龙 陈艳军 杨京

蔡胜勋 裴华梅

主编

李经谋

副主编

刘文进 乔林选

新春的礼赞（代序）

甲午年，一个烙有深刻印记的特殊年份。120年前“甲午风云”的耻辱我们不会忘记；60年前第一部民族复兴宪法由我们这一代人制定；今又甲午，涉入改革深水区的中国何去何从？13亿中国人再次面临艰苦的抉择。

记得一位著名经济学家在改革开放20周年之际，曾借用狄更斯在《双城记》中的一段话来描绘改革开放进程中“两头冒尖”的经济和社会景况：“这是希望的春天，也是失望的冬天；我们的前途无量，同时又感到希望渺茫；我们一齐奔向天堂，我们全都走向另一个方向。”

一晃十多年过去了，而今境况如何？用四个字来概括再妥帖不过——“愈演愈烈”！一方面，中国奇迹举世瞩目：经济总量世界第二，中国制造世界第一，外贸总额世界第一，外汇储备世界第一，粮食产量世界第一……另一方面，体制积弊日渐明显：行政特权腐败泛滥，利益集团破坏竞争，贫富悬殊愈益加大，食品安全危机日增，十面“霾伏”无处遁形……更让人难以理解的是，一些人不能正视改革开放取得的伟大成就和存在的问题，甚至罔顾事实，极力鼓吹“大国崛起已成定局，体制优越无需改革”，积极推销被外国媒体“捧杀”的所谓“中国模式论”，多种思潮甚嚣尘上，改革开放徘徊彷徨。粮食行业也置身于这哀乐相生的历史涡流之中，曾经耳熟能详的“改革中的问题靠深化改革来解决，走回头路是没有出路的”箴言已变得陌生。粮食市场化改革欲进不得，欲罢不能，只好“临渊羡鱼，退而结网”，然而这一“结”，竟是十年。《中国粮食市场发展报告》（以下简称《报告》）忠实、客观地记录了这一段难忘的历史。

2003年《报告》首卷主题是“春天的报告”，预示了粮食市场化改革行将到来。2004年中央1号文件决定“全面放开粮食收购和销售市场”，正当新一卷《报告》欢歌“又是一年春来时”时，好景不长，“千呼万唤始出来”的粮食市场化改革波谲云诡。虽然《报告》年复一年对“春天”进行“反思”、“守望”、“回顾”、“祈盼”……但日月荏苒，渐行渐远。“春天的交响曲”终因世殊时异，惜断于2010年，“从今别却江南路，化作啼鹃带血归”。

粮食市场化改革的反复和曲折，根本原因在于长期以来对“中国向何处去”的不同认知，特别是在战胜金融危机之后更是有加无已；直接原因是传统的粮食安全战略自身存在问题。中国自古以来“以农为本，以食为天”，新中国更将其视为治国理政的头等大事。“要在中央，事在四方”，在中国共产党领导下，经过几代人的发扬蹈历，我国实现了粮食总量的紧平衡，给《谁来养活中国》的作者、散布“中国粮食威胁论”的莱斯特·布朗先生一记响亮的耳光，“一个养活不了自己的中国”不仅生活得很好，没有“危害世界”，而且为世界粮食安全做出了重要贡献。世界粮食计划署总干事詹姆斯·莫里斯在停止对中国提供粮食援助时曾说：“中国在帮助人民摆脱饥饿和贫困上，比历史上任何一个国家都有经验……中国不再需要我们了。”

但随着粮食生产发展和人民生活水平不断提高，传统的粮食安全战略存在的隐患也逐步浮出水面。2011年《报告》序言曾对我国粮食安全经历的“不够吃”、“不好吃”、“不敢吃”三个阶段进行过形象的描述。如果我们不能实事求是、与时俱进，及时调整粮食安全战略的重点，而是机械强调“保全部、保所有品种”，唯产是问，唯量是从，必然会为此付出沉重代价：生态恶化、耕地退化、粮质弱化……特别是食品安全未纳入粮食安全体系，已成当今最受群众诟病的社会问题之一。

2013年党的十八届三中全会面对错综复杂的国内外政治经济环境，以“壮士断腕”和“背水一战”的极大政治勇气和智慧凝聚共识，在保持政策连续性和稳定性的基础上，毅然重启改革开放的多重大门，再次吹响了深化改革的集结号，终结了一段令人“心纟圭结而不解兮，思蹇产而不释”的历史，“中国向何处去”的争论已彰明昭著。如果说1978年党的十一届三中全会掀开了中华民族发展史上崭新的一页，那么，2013年党的十八届三中全会则是站在更高的起点上，开启了实现中国梦的伟大新时代。

在众多改革议程中，国家粮食安全新战略的确立和对其保障体系的完整构筑无疑是引人注目的焦点。长期以来，“立足国内资源，实现粮食基本自给”是我国粮食问题的基本方针。从1996年《中国的粮食问题》白皮书到2008年《粮食安全中长期规划纲要》，均将我国粮食自给率确定为95%。现实却是，即使在2004—2013年实现粮食“十连增”，却也难以抑制中国粮食自给率总体下降的态势。2013年，尽管粮食产量创下1.2万亿斤的新高，但自给率尚不到90%。如果政策目标与现实长期背离，就会过犹不及，从而丧失公信力。因此，粮食安全之于中国，究竟要保什么？保多少？如何保？这些都成为当前亟待解决的问题。

继2013年中央经济工作会议提出“以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑”的国家粮食安全新战略之后，中央农村工作会议、2014年中央1号文件又系统阐释了国家粮食安全保障体系建设。择其要者，在数量安全上，明确提出，“我们的饭碗应该主要装中国粮”，“要依靠自己保口粮，集中国内资源保重点”，谷物（指稻谷、小麦、玉米）要实现基本自给，口粮（指稻谷、小麦）要保证绝对安全；在质量安全上，要在“坚持数量质量并重”的同时，“更加注重农产品质量和食品安全”。同时提出，要完善价格形成机制、逐步建立目标价格制度，要合理利用好两个市场、两种资源，加快实施“农业走出去”战略。另外，在严守耕地红线、搞好粮食储备、健全市场调控、加强农产品市场体系建设、重视粮食节约等方面提出了明确要求，制定了具体措施。粮食安全新战略与十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的精神一脉相承，突出体现了我国粮食安全领域的新特点，客观需要我们以全球视野布局粮食安全。

新的粮食安全战略与以往相比，初看起来不分轩轾，表述均涉及“基本自给”，但认真思忖，差别迥然，最大的不同点在于，用“谷物”的概念取代了以往“粮食（包括豆类、薯类）”的概念。一词之差，体现了粮食政策的连续性与目标的客观性，彰显的是求真务实精神的理性回归；一词之差，从“重产轻质”的恶性循环中解放出来，有望从源头上解决粮食的质量安全问题；一词之差，使我国“粮食安全”的概念得以同国际接轨，内涵更加丰富，实施更加明晰。总之，一词之差，如醍醐灌顶，豁然贯通，成为破解粮食安全难题的重要突破口。粮食安全新战略是国家层面的顶层设计，必然会迎来粮食改革又一个美好的春天，意义重大，影响深远。

第一，有利于提高粮食质量和食品安全水平。长期以来，所谓的粮食安全，实际上是牺牲质量的数量安全，在粮食极度短缺的年代，这无疑是一种正确的选择。但随着粮食生产的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们虽然吃得饱了，但吃的却不放心了：粮质不断恶化，食品丑闻迭出，群众怨声载道，几近“临崖立马”的危险地步，这是长期“重产轻质”的必然恶果。粮食安全新战略使我们能够在一个有望实现的目标下，“更加注重农产品质量安全和食品安全”，这不仅凸显了粮食质量在粮食安全中的重要地位，而且首次将食品安全提升到粮食安全的战略高度。国家制定了一系列从生产到消费、从中央到地方的食品安全监管体制，以“最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责，坚决治理餐桌上的污染，切实保障‘舌尖上的安全’”，充分体现了党和国家对粮食安全认知的深化和对民生问题的高度重视。

第二，有利于建立和健全粮食价格形成新机制。2014年中央1号文件指出：“继续坚持市场定价原则，探索推进农产品价格机制与政府补贴脱钩的改革，逐步建立农产品目标价格制度。”根据中国国情，粮食价格形成新机制应包括三个方面：一是市场形成价格，即在正常情况下，粮食价格应由批发市场通过公平竞争形成，不受任何行政干预；二是国家支持价格，即目标价格，则是为了弥补生产者因市场价格波动所带来风险的一种“补偿”和“避险”机制；三是政府调控价格，即当市场粮价发生大幅波动时，政府利用储备粮等手段，通过粮食批发市场来平抑市场粮价的机制。国家已经确定在部分省、区进行大豆和棉花等目标价格试点，这充分说明，随着粮食价格与政府补贴的逐步脱钩，十八届三中全会提出的“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用”将会在粮食领域逐步得以实现，真正意义上的粮食市场化指日可待。

第三，有利于粮食市场体系的完善和发展。我国粮食市场体系经过多年的培育，其框架基本形成。粮食批发市场和期货市场不仅是粮食市场体系不可或缺的重要组成部分，而且成为国家粮食安全的重要载体。特别是郑州和合肥两个国家粮食交易中心形成的小麦和稻谷的现货价格，已在国内外具有相当大的影响力；郑州商品交易所主要农产品（小麦、稻谷、棉花、油菜籽等）和大连商品交易所主要农产品（玉米、大豆等）的期货价格已纳入世界主要传媒的报价渠道。全国性谷物价格中心的形成，对于深化粮食市场化改革和实施粮食安全新战略都是至关重要和必不可少的。但过去十年，在托市收购体制下，粮食批发市场受益于政策粮拍卖业务的同时，也形成了较为严重的政策粮依赖；粮食期货市场上市的政策粮品种，则出现了交易量日渐萎缩、交易主体大批退出的局面。目标价格的试点，意味着政府将会逐步放松对市场的干预，粮食批发市场和期货市场才能根据各自不同的功能定位，充分发挥合理配置资源、通过公平竞争形成现货价格以及发现未来价格的重要作用。1号文件指出，要“加强以大型农产品批发市场为骨干、覆盖全国的市场流通网络建设……健全大型农产品期货交易品种体系”，必定会进一步促进现代粮食市场体系的完善和发展。全国粮食价格中心的进一步培育，使我国有望获得世界粮食定价权，以防范国际粮价大幅度波动有可能给我国带来的重大影响。

第四，有利于充分利用两个市场、两种资源保障国内粮食安全。在“谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的基础上，粮食的“适度进口”首次成为我国粮食安全的一个重要组成部分，反映了我国粮食安全战略由封闭状态向开放环境过渡的实质性变化。在经济全球化的今天，粮食消费不断增长，国内产能愈益不足，加快农业“走出去”战略，不仅有利于促进世界粮食经济的发展，而且可以“聚四海之气，借八方之力，助我兴农大业”，成为保障我国粮食安全的重要途径。

第五，有利于农业发展方式的转变和粮食安全的永续发展。农业发展方式的转变是经济发展方式转变的重要内容，国家粮食安全新战略强调“确保产能”而非“产量”，意味着我国的粮食生产方式将发生重大变革。长期以来，粮食安全对各级政府和粮食主管部门来讲都是一项政治任务，为了保证粮食供给总量的基本平衡，不惜对土地资源进行掠夺式的开发，导致相当比例的耕地质量退化，有机质含量下降，生态环境严重破坏。据统计，我国化肥施用量是国际公认安全上限的1.93倍；在18亿亩耕地中，达到严重化学污染的面积约为8700万亩。此外，毁林开荒、侵占湿地、超采地下水等，加重了生态环境的恶化，影响了粮食安全的可持续发展。因此，新的粮食安全战略提出确保“产能”及“科技支撑”，通过加强农业科研，培育现代种业，发展节水、循环农业，逐步建立起休耕、轮作等生态补偿机制，才有望走出粮食生产“恶性循环”的怪圈，实现粮食安全的永续发展。

第六，有利于提高全民族的节粮意识，减少和杜绝粮食浪费现象。粮食及食物浪费已成为全球性的顽疾，据统计，每年全球浪费的粮食约占总产量的一半，发达国家浪费的食物约3亿吨，相当于全球8亿多啼饥号寒的人们一年的口粮，被称作“文明社会的不道德行为”。而中国的粮食浪费现象亦是触目惊心，据有关部门测算，每年粮食产后损失超过1000亿斤，约占全年粮食总产量的10%，仅餐桌上每年的食物浪费就高达2000亿元，相当于2亿多人一年的口粮。据以往的经验，若使粮食产量增长10%，大约需要5年的艰苦奋斗，因此，从某种意义上来讲，“减少粮食流失比增产更重要”。我国虽然解决了温饱问题，但粮食产需之间的矛盾将会长期存在。因此，坚决刹住浪费粮食的不良风气，不仅是道德层面上的问题，也是保障国家粮食安全的需要。中华民族向来崇尚勤俭节约，如“强本而节用，天不能贫”、“节俭则昌，淫佚则亡”，而“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”、“一粥一饭，当思来处不易”更是耳熟能详。但遗憾的是，相当一部分人吃饱了、吃好了，却把“祖训”丢至九霄云外。令人欣慰的是，近年来“节约光荣，浪费可耻”的宣传已荣登主流媒体；多种节约粮食的公益广告经常现身电视荧屏；清洁工吃大学生剩饭已引发全国共鸣；“光盘行动”开展年余即响应者众，正在颠覆中国式“剩宴”；这充分说明节粮新风已在全国勃然兴起。我们相信，只要举国共识，全民共勉，定会蔚成风气，善莫大焉！

粮食安全新战略对粮食流通业来讲，是一个新的机遇和挑战。作为一个老“粮食”，十多年来始终有一种不可名状的危机感萦绕心头，明知是“杞人忧天”，却不能自已。近年来，国家一系列涉农方针政策的出台，旨在促进企业的改革和创新，如打造具有国际水准的全产业链粮油食品企业，扶持农业产业化龙头企业的发展，开放土地经营权有序流转，推动农业生产经营向集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化的转变……加之粮食价格改革的深化，无疑是对传统粮食企业的一场严峻考验。曾几何时，一些因托市收购而“绝处逢生”的收储企业有可能再次回到“水深火热”之中，国家储备“不讲性价比、不讲效率效益”、多多益善的时代行将终结，不少国有企业市场竞争优势日渐衰微，粮食批发市场可能会因政策粮交易的锐减而面临困难，“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求‘人’”的企业窘境呼唤行政管理职能的转变……任何改革都是权力和利益的再分配，阵痛是在所难免的，只有更新观念，深化改革，才能进入“溪回谷转愁无路，忽有梅花一两枝”的美好境界，才会真正体会到“痛并快乐着”。若迟疑不决、踌躇不前，终会仰天长叹“时间都去哪了”。

在粮食安全上升为全球安全、世界粮食危机成为“全人类共同面临的输不起的战争”的情况下，人们在不断探索、寻觅，不时有奇思妙想跃然于国内外传媒：据报道，世界银行和联合国确信，约有79%的可开垦耕地尚未耕种的非洲，可望成为养活世界的大粮仓，仅开发塞内加尔和南非之间4亿公顷可开垦耕地的10%，既可以养活非洲人，还可以满足全球日益增长的粮食需要。更有甚者，北京全国农业展览馆对“未来的农业”的解说词是：“随着科学技术的发展，人们不再需要依靠种植庄稼和饲养牲畜来获取食物，人类社会进入了后农业时代。从此，大片的农场和牧场变成了树林，濒危野生动物逐步恢复种群应有的数量，地球一步步走向和谐。”如果说前一篇报道是对未来世界粮食安全的一个祈盼，倒不如说是送给“走出去”的中国农企的一份大礼。至于后者，我真的“被雷到了”，可能是由于我知识的浅薄，竟不自觉将“后农业时代”同科幻小说中机器人统治的世界联系起来。但无论怎么理解，对世界9亿食不果腹的饥民（多数在非洲）来说，都像是一种调侃，“远景（井）”解不了“近渴”，“画饼”不可能“充饥”。尽管由于“页岩气革命”使美国的“能源独立”不再是梦想，“玉米汽油和穷人争口粮”的矛盾亦有所缓解，但世界粮食安全任重而道远，我们期待着一个个粮食奇迹的发生和美好愿望的实现。

国家主席习近平在2013年的农村工作会议上告诫全国：“保谷物、保口粮决不能以为可以放松粮食生产了，仍然要坚持一刻也不放松，因为实现有质量的‘两保’并不是一件容易的事。”同时告诫：“我国粮食安全基础仍不牢固，粮食安全形势依然严峻，什么时候都不能轻言粮食过关了。”当然，对新的国家粮食安全战略也会见仁见智，实施中的困难和问题亦在所难免，但无论如何不要误判，更不能心存侥幸。全面深化农村和粮食改革的顶层设计和总体规划已经确定，改革的总体方案、路线图、时间表已越来越明晰。“江山代有人才出，各领风骚数百年”。我们有理由相信，一定会有更多的“粮食人”借由全面深化改革的红利，不断推进中国粮食行业体制机制创新，为粮食安全永续发展殚精竭虑，创造更多新的传奇，谱写更加壮丽的“春天的交响曲”。2014年3月

Ode to the New Spring（Preface）

“The cold has gone with the night, and the spring has come with the dawn.”The pleasure of the festival has not yet faded thoroughly, but now we are riding the steed again as appointed on the tough yet exciting new historical journey.

The Jiawu Year is a deeply imprinted year.We will never forget the shame of the Sino-Japanese War 120 years ago; we established the first constitution for our national rejuvenation 60 years ago; where should China now in deep-water reforms go in this Jiawu Year? The 1.3 billion Chinese people are again faced with difficult options.th

On the 20 anniversary of the reform and opening-up, one famous economist once quoted one paragraph in A tale of two Cities by Dickens to describe the economic and social situations of “Two Extremes”in the process of the reform and opening-up, “This is the spring of hopes as well as the winter of disappointment; we have bright prospects while we feel our hope is faint; we are running towards the paradise but we are all in the wrong direction.”

More than 10 years has passed in a twinkling, and how is the situation now? The answer is best summarized by “more and more”.On one hand, China's miracles are attracting worldwide attention: its GDP ranks the second in the world, its products ranks the first in the world, its foreign trade volume ranks the first in the world, its foreign exchange reserve ranks the first in the world, its grain production ranks the first in the world……；on the other hand, China's long-standing systematic abuses are becoming more and more apparent: corruption of administrative privileges is flooding, interest groups are destroying competition, the gap between the rich and the poor is widening, crises of food safety are increasing, dust fogs are everywhere……What is more difficult to understand is that some people can't face the great achievements of the reform and opening-up and the existing problems, and they even disregard the facts, strongly advocate that “it is certain that China will rise up as a big country, and it is needless to reform itssuperior systems”，and actively promote the so-called “Theory on China Mode”exaggerated by foreign media.So there are various trends of thoughts spreading around, making people hesitant about further reforms and opening up.The grain industry is also involved in the historical current accompanied by both sadness and happiness, and the motto that “The problems in the reforms should be resolved through further reforms and there is no way out for stepping back”once heard so often in the past has now become strange.The reforms of grain marketization could not go any further against our own wishes, and has come to a stop for even 10 years.Report on Development of China's Grain Markets has recorded this period of history loyally and objectively.

The theme of Report on Development of China's Grain Markets in 2003 is “Report of the Spring”，which predicted the coming of reforms of grain marketization.The No.1 Document of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2004 decided “to comprehensively liberalize the grain purchase and sale market”.Although Report on Development of China's Grain Markets in 2004 cheered it as “Another Year of the Spring”，the good times didn't last long, and the reforms of grain marketization “urged thousands of times before”didn't come out as expected.The following Reports on Development of China's Grain Markets “reexamined”，“watched for”，“reviewed”and “prayed for”“the Spring”year after year, but the reforms were still far away from being put into effect after so many years.The “Symphony in the Spring”stopped pitifully in 2010 due to different times, “bidding farewell to the south of the Yangtse River from now on and turning into a crying bloody cuckoo to come back later on.”

The basic reason for the step-backs and twists in the reforms of grain marketization is people's different cognition of “Where should China go”for a long time, especially after the financial crisis.And the direct reason is the problems with the traditional food security strategy.Since ancient times, China had always been “taking agriculture as its basis and taking food as its first necessity.”The government of New China has taken agriculture and food as the top priority above anything else in governing the country.“Decisions are made by the central government, and are implemented by the local governments.”Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, through hard struggles of several generations, China has realized a tight balance between grain supply and demand, giving a slap in the face of Mr.Lester Brown, who is the author of Who Will Feed the Chinese and spread “the Theory on China's Grain Threat”.“China that could not feed itself”has been living well, contributing a lot to world food security without “harming the world”.James Morris, former Executive Director of the UNWFP, said when the organization stopped grain assistance to China, “China is more experienced than any country in the history in the field of helping its people get rid of hunger and poverty…… It no longer needs our help.”

However, along with the increase of grain production and continuous improvement of people's living standard, the hidden dangers with China's traditional food security strategy came forward gradually.The preface to Report on Development of China's Grain Markets in 2011 described figuratively the 3 phases in China's food security history as “not enough to eat”，“not good to eat”，and “not dare to eat”.If we mechanically focus on “ensuring all varieties”and taking production and quantity as the only standard, rather than timely adjust the priorities of our food security strategy in accordance with “seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times”，we are surely going to pay high prices for it: deteriorating ecology, degrading farmland, worsening grain quality, etc.In particular, food safety has become one of the top social problems since it was not considered as a part of our food security system.

Faced with the complex political and economic situations both at rdthhome and abroad, the 3 Plenary Session of the 18 Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reached a consensus with great political courage and wisdom of “dying a martyr in the cause”and “fighting to win or die”，and decisively reopened several gates to reforms and opening-up based on continuity and stability of policies, blowing again the assembly bugle to deepen reforms and putting an end to the history of “being depressed by doubts and worries without any solutions”.The answer to the controversy on “Where should China rdthgo”is very clear now.If we say that the 3 Plenary Session of the 11 Central Committee of the Communist Party of China opened a new rdpage in China's development history, the 3 Plenary Session of the th18 Central Committee of the Communist Party of China started a great new era to realize the China Dream.

Undoubtedly, in the agenda for many reforms, the determination of China's new food security strategy and the comprehensive configuration of the guaranteeing system is the attractive focus.For a very long time in the past,“realizing basic grain self-supply based on domestic resources”had been China's basic guideline for food security.A series of governmental documents ranging from White Paper on China's Grain Supply in 1996 to Middle to Long-Term Program Outline on Food Security in 2008 set China's grain self-sufficiency rate as 95%.But the reality is that China's grain self- sufficiency rate could not be stopped from dropping down on the whole despite the fact that its grain production kept increasing consecutively during 2004 to 2013.China's grain production reached a new record of 600 million tons, but its self-sufficiency rate was less than 90%.If the policy target deviates from the reality for a long time, it would lose its credibility.Just as the old saying goes, “Going beyond the limit is as bad as falling short.”Therefore, for the sake of China's food security, what grain production should we ensure? How much grain production should we ensure? And how should we ensure it? These are the urgent questions that need to be answered right now.

After the Central Economic Work Conference in 2013 put forward the new national food security strategy of “giving top priority to self-sufficiency based on domestic production, ensuring production capacity, importing to an appropriate degree, and supporting with science and technology”，the Central Rural Work Conference and the No.1 Document of the Central Committee of Communist Party of China in 2014 systematically explained the establishment of the national food security guaranteeing system.The gist is as following: in terms of quantity security, “our bowls should be filled with Chinese grain”，“we should rely on ourselves to ensure our food supply, and concentrate domestic resources to ensure major grain production”，we should ensure basic self-sufficiency of cereal （including rice, wheat and corn）, and we should ensure absolute safety of food grain （including rice and wheat）; in terms of quality security, “we should pay more attention on quality of farm products and food safety while insisting on giving priority to both quantity and quality”.At the same time, the Central Committee demanded that we should perfect the price forming mechanism, gradually set up a target price system, make reasonable use of the 2 markets and the 2 resources, and expedite the implementation of the strategy of “agriculture going abroad”.In addition, the Central Committee put forward clear demands and detailed measures in the fields of sticking to the red line for farmland area, keeping enough grain reserves, perfecting market regulation, strengthening the establishment of agricultural product market system, and paying more attention on saving grain.Completely in line with the spirit of the CCP Decision on Several Major Issues about Deepening rdReforms Comprehensively passed by the 3 Plenary Session of the th18 Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the new food security strategy clearly embodies the new features in China's food security, and objectively requires that we make an overall arrangement for our food security with an global vision.

Compared with the old ones, at the first glance the new food security strategy looks no different, because they all mentioned “basic self-sufficiency”in their wording.But after careful thinking, they are very different from each other.The biggest difference is that the concept of “cereal”replaces the old concept of “grain”（including legumes and tuberous roots）.That difference is just with one word, but it embodies the continuity of our grain policies and the objectivity of our targets, and shows forth the rational regression of the pragmatic spirit; it liberates China from the vicious cycle of “focusing on quantity and neglecting quality”，and is likely to solve the problem with food quality security essentially; and it integrates China's concept of “food security”with the international concept, making its connotations more rich and its implementation more clear.In short, it makes us get refreshed suddenly and understand clearly, and it is an important breaking point to solve the tough problems with our food security.The new food security strategy is part of the top-level design at the national level, and is surely going to bring another beautiful spring for the reforms of the grain industry, so it is of great importance and wide impact.

First of all, it helps to improve grain quality and food safety.For quite a long time in the past when there was a great shortage of grain, China's so-called food security was in fact the grain quantity security at the cost of quality, but there is no doubt that it was a correct option.Along with the development of grain production and enhancement of living standard, people now have enough to eat, but are quite worried about what they are eating: the grain quality is worsening, food frauds appear frequently, complaints are becoming more and more, and food safety is on the brink of collapse, which is the inevitable result of the long-time practice of “focusing on quantity and neglecting quality”.The new food security strategy enables us to have in mind a target that is likely to be reached and “pay more attention to agricultural product quality security and food safety”，which not only highlights the important position of food quality in food security, but also raise food safety to the strategic level of food security.China has set up a series of food safetysupervision systems covering various fields ranging from production to consumption, and from the central to the local governments, “to resolutely control the pollution on the table and really guarantee safety on the tongue through strictestsupervision, most severe punishment and most serious accountability”，which fully shows that the CPC and the central government are deepening their cognition on food security and paying high attention to issues related to people's livelihood.

Secondly, it helps to set up and perfect the new grain price forming mechanism.The No.1 Document points out, “we should continue to insist on the principle of market pricing, explore the reform of decoupling agricultural product pricing mechanism from governmental subsidies, and gradually set up an agricultural product

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