作者：哈里·P·贾德森
出版社：天津人民出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
美国学生文学读本（第3册）试读：
INTRODUCTION
The Third Reader marks a further development of the plan on which the first two books of the Series are based. The general character of its subject-matter is the same as that of the Second Reader, but the pupil's increased vocabulary and greater facility in reading make possible a wider choice of literature.
The stories of child life are of a pure and wholesome influence, but in none of them has the pupil's interest in the story been sacrificed by the insertion of an obtrusive moral. The fairy stories will be found stimulating to the imagination, and it is believed that they will lead to an appreciation of what is permanently good in literature. A few of the Greek classic stories are also given. These are well adapted to a child's comprehension and give an early familiarity with themes constantly recurring in literature and art.
In this book, as in the Second Reader, word lists and language and phonetic exercises are provided in abundance. It will be noticed, however, that in the lists of new words at the head of the lessons those of the simplest phonic construction are omitted.
The primary purpose of a reading book is to give pupils the mastery of the printed page, but through oral reading it also becomes a source of valuable training of the vocal organs. Almost every one finds pleasure in listening to good reading. Many feel that the power to give this pleasure comes only as a natural gift, but an analysis of the art shows that with practice any normal child may acquire it. The qualities which are essential to good oral reading may be considered in three groups:
First—An agreeable voice and clear articulation, which, although possessed by many children naturally, may also be cultivated.
Second-Correct inflection and emphasis, with that due regard for hetorical pauses which will appear whenever a child fully understands what he is reading and is sufficiently interested in it to lose his self-consciousness.
Third—Proper pronunciation, which can be acquired only by association or by direct teaching.
Clear articulation implies accurate utterance of each syllable and a distinct termination of one syllable before another is begun.
Frequent drill on pronunciation and articulation before or after the reading lesson will be found profitable in teaching the proper pronunciation of new words and in overcoming faulty habits of speech.
Attention should be called to the omission of unaccented syllables in such words as history (not histry), valuable (not valuble), and to the substitution of unt for ent, id for ed, iss for ess, unce for ence, in for ing, in such words as moment, delighted, goodness, sentence, walking. Pupils should also learn to make such distinctions as appear between u long, as in duty, and u after r, as in rude; between a as in hat, a as in far, and a as in ask.
The above hints are suggestive only. The experienced teacher will devise for herself exercises fitting special cases which arise in her own work. It will be found that the best results are secured when the interest of the class is sustained and when the pupil who is reading aloud is made to feel that it is his personal duty and privilege to arouse and hold this interest by conveying to his fellow pupils, in an acceptable manner, the thought presented on the printed page.
CLASSIFIED CONTENTS
FablesThe Dove and the Ant
The Fox who Lost his Tail
The Wolf and the Lamb
Union Gives Strength
Hercules and the Wagoner
The Miller, his Son, and their Donkey
The Fox and the CrowFairy Tales
The Skylark's Spurs
The Ugly Duckling
The Sleeping BeautyClassical Tales
The Bag of Winds
Atalanta's Race
Circe.Child Stories
Hans, the Shepherd Boy
Benjy in Beastland
A Good Shot
How Lulu Got Lost
So-so
The Dervish and the Camel
The Boy who Hated Trees
Little DaffydowndillyNature Study
The Sea
Birds, I — Bills
II — Feet
III — Travels
Sowing Seeds
Bees
LeavesLiterary Biography
Henry Wadsworth Long fellow
Nathaniel HawthorneHistory and Biography
The Story of Columbus
Mary Allerton
Captain Smith and Pocahontas
Benjamin Franklin as a Boy Hawaiian ChildrenPoems
Good-Night and Good-Morning
The Wind
O Sailor, Come Ashore
The Moon
When
Thanksgiving Day
The Land of Counterpane
Seven Times One
The Fairies
Good-Morning
Three Companions
A Dutch Lullaby
The Village Blacksmith
Jack in the Pulpit
The Tree
March
The Dove
Hiawatha's Hunting
Robert of Lincoln
Work
Farewell Advice1THE DOVE AND THE ANTdangerdoveshoremark
1. One day an ant fell into a river. As she could not swim, she was in danger of being drowned.The dove dropped a leaf.
2. But a dove took pity on her, and dropped a leaf into the water near her.
She climbed upon it, and was soon carried safe to shore.He was about to shoot.
3. The ant did not forget this act of kindness. You shall hear how She in her turn saved the dove's life.
4. A hunter passed the tree where the dove and his mate were building their nest. They were so busy with their work that they did not see him aim at them.
5. But the little ant saw the danger, and, as the hunter was about to shoot, she bit him on the heel.
6. He started aside, and his arrow flew wide of the mark.
____________
A hunter is one who______.
A worker is one who______.
One who reads is a______.
One who writes is a______.He started aside.2GOOD-NIGHT AND GOOD-MORNINGneighedrookcuriousbleatoxenLucysewingcurtsied
1. A fair little girl sat under a tree,
Sewing as long as her eyes could see;
Then smoothed her work and folded it right,
And said, "Dear work, good-night, good-night!"
2. Such a number of rooks came over her head,A fair little girl sat under a tree.
Crying, "Caw! Caw!" on their way to bed;
She said, as she watched their curious flight,
"Little black things, good-night, good-night!"
3. The horses neighed, and the oxen lowed,
The sheep's "Bleat! Bleat!" came over the road;
All seeming to say, with a quiet delight,
"Good little girl, good-night, good-night!"
4. She did not say to the sun, "Good-night!"
Though she saw him there like a ball of light;
For she knew he had God's time to keep
All over the world, and never could sleep.
5. The tall pink foxglove bowed his head;
The violets curtsied, and went to bed;
And good little Lucy tied up her hair,
And said, on her knees, her favorite prayer.
6. And, while on her pillow she softly lay,
She knew nothing more till again it was day,
And all things said to the beautiful sun,
"Good-morning, good-morning! our work is begun."(MONCKTON MILNES, LORD HOUGHTON)
_______________
Find words in the poem to tell what each animal does:
The horse______. The ox______. The sheep______. The rook______.3THE BAG OF WINDSOdysseusfoughteastwhizagreedreachisland
'olusI
1. Years ago, in a far-off country, there lived a great man named Odysseus. He did so many wonderful deeds that this book might be filled with stories about him. I will tell you one of them now. Some day you will read others.Odysseus
2. Odysseus fought bravely in a long war. When the war was over, he took his men in his ship and started home.
3. But one thing after another kept him back, and he was ten years on the way. In this time he went to many strange lands and saw many queer things and people.
4. At one time he came to the island whereolus, the king of the winds, lived.olus kept all the winds shut up, and only let them out, one at a time, when he wished a wind to blow.
5. He ruled the north wind with its snow and ice, and the south wind with its flowers; the east wind, which brings rain for the plants, and the west wind, which blows the leaves from the trees.
6. Kingolus was glad to see Odysseus and to hear about his great deeds.
7. When Odysseus sailed away in his ship, the king gave him a queer present. It was a great bag tied with a silver string.
8. You could never guess what was in it, so I shall have to tell you. All the winds but one were shut up in this bag. That one was the east wind, which would take the ship home.
9. "Do not open the bag while you are on the ship," said the king. "If you do, the winds will rush out and drive you far away over the seas. It will be a long time before you reach your home."II
10. You may be sure that Odysseus took great care of the bag. He told his men not to touch it.
11. The men would look at it and wonder what was in it. They thought it must hold a great treasure.
12. The east wind blew for nine days and nights. The ship dashed through the waves on its way home.
13. All this time Odysseus did not dare sleep, for fear something might happen to the ship. At last he grew so tired that he fell asleep.
14. Then one of the men said: "Let us peep into the bag and see what it holds. Odysseus will never know that we have looked."
The other men agreed, so they untied the silver string.
15. Whiz! Out rushed the winds with a roar. They dashed great waves over the ship, and swept some of the bad sailors into the sea.Out rushed the winds with a roar.
16. You know that one wind can do much harm. Think what a storm there was when all the winds at once blew as hard as they could!
17. Odysseus started to his feet. He saw at once what the men had done. He could not put the winds back into the bag. It was all he could do to keep the ship from being dashed to pieces.
18. The storm lasted many days. The winds blew the ship far away over the seas, and many years passed before Odysseus reached his home.
______dangerfairfareantmangerpasthairhareparestrangerpairpassed4THE WIND
1. Who has seen the wind?
Neither I nor you;
But when the leaves hang trembling,
The wind is passing through.
2. Who has seen the wind?
Neither you nor I;
But when the trees bow down their heads,
The wind is passing by.(CHRISTINA ROSSETTI)5THE SEAfortunatesaltcreaturecoralpolypcottoncalmfierceI
1. Have you ever seen the sea on a calm summer day? How beautiful it is! The blue water dances in the sunshine. It is pleasant to watch the boats with their white sails, and to see the great ships going to and fro.Lading a ship
2. Some of these ships sail over the sea to far-off lands. They take wheat, cotton, and other things to the people there. They bring back tea, cloth, and many other things for us. The sea is like a great road from one land to another.
3. But the great sea road is not always a pleasant one for sailors. There are days when the wind blows and the waves are high. Sometimes strong ships are dashed to pieces in storm.
4. Then some of the poor sailors may be drowned. But some, more fortunate than these, get into little boats, and float about until they are picked up by passing ships. Sometimes they float about many days without food or water.
5. You may think it queer for them to want water when the great sea is all around them. But the sea water is salt, and men cannot live if they have only sea water to drink. When you are at the seaside, taste the water and see how salt it is.A shipwreckII
6. We cannot drink the salt water, but many animals and plants live in the sea. Some of these are so beautiful that men go down under the water to get them.
7. In some parts of the world the sea water is warm all the year round. Here, in the deep, calm water, wonderful little animals called coral polyps have their home.
8. Many of these little creatures are very beautiful. They make the pretty red coral which you have seen. They also make coral islands on which many people live. Is it not wonderful that these small creatures can build great islands? It takes many, many polyps long years to form an island.
9. But of all sea creatures fish are the ones you know best. The fish of the sea are larger than those of the streams. Some of these sea fish are very fierce, but most of them do no harm and are of use to us. They are good for food.
10. Many birds have their homes on the seashore. They live on the fish which they catch. One of these birds will float in the air over the waves. All at once it will drop into the water, and come up with a fish.
11. Many of these fishing birds have strong wings, and fly far out over the water. They may be seen sailing through the air hundreds of miles from the land.
____________
1. Write separately the two words which form the word seaside.
2. Copy this sentence and supply the missing word:
Coral animals are called____________.
3. Copy the following sentence, changing the word small to another word having the same meaning:
Small animals form coral islands.
____________calmsmalldasheddrownedpalmsaltrushedcrowned
____________pluckfeeble6O SAILOR, COME ASHORE
1. O sailor, come ashore,
What have you brought for me?
Red coral, white coral,
Coral from the sea.
2. I did not dig it from the ground,
Nor pluck it from a tree;
Feeble insects made it
In the stormy sea.(CHRISTINA ROSSETTI)7THE STORY OF COLUMBUSvoyagewool comberfourteenpiratemachinedarknessChristopherfamousdiscoverColumbusthievesIndian
Italy Europe America monsterI
1. Long ago, in a city of sunny Italy, there lived a wool comber. Do you know what a wool comber does?
2. When the wool is cut from the sheep's back, it is not fit to be woven into cloth at once. It must first be cleaned and combed out straight. This is what a wool comber did in days gone by. Now machines do the work which men once did by hand.
3. This wool comber was a poor man. He had to work hard to take care of his wife and children. He had five children—four boys and one little girl.
4. His oldest boy was named Christopher Columbus, and it is about him that this story is written.
5. Christopher went to school and learned the things which in those times it was thought a boy should know.
He also worked with his father, but he did not want to be a wool comber. He wanted to be a sailor.
6. The city in which Columbus lived was close by the sea. Christopher loved to play on the shore, and to go about among the ships which sailed to far-off lands.
7. Almost every boy in the city had a father or brother or cousin who was a sailor. Little Christopher often saw these men. He loved to hear them tell about the places they had visited and the things they had seen. No wonder that he, too, wanted to be a sailor.II
8. When Christopher Columbus was fourteen years old, he went to sea.
9. At that time, there were thieves on the sea as well as on the land. These sea thieves were called pirates. They went about in fast-sailing ships, and chased other ships and took away their treasures. Sometimes there would be fierce fights, and often men were killed.
10. We are told that young Columbus was in one of these sea fights with pirates. The ship he was on caught fire. Columbus jumped into the water, and by swimming and floating on a piece of wood reached the shore safely.Columbus reached the shore safely.
11. Columbus went far and wide on the sea. He said that wherever man had sailed before him, there he sailed. If he had not done more than that, you and I would never have heard of him.
12. He became famous because he went where no man had sailed before him. Before I tell you what Columbus did, you shall hear what a strange thing the people of that time believed.III
13. To-day the smallest child among you knows that this earth of ours is round, but about four hundred years ago children did not know this.
14. Even men and women believed that the world was flat. They thought that if a man went on and on, he would come to the end of the earth and fall off.
15. They called the great ocean to the west of Europe the Sea of Darkness. They believed that if a man sailed out on it he would never come back again. He would come to clouds of darkness and seas of fire; great monsters would swallow his ship.
16. A few wise men did not believe these stories. They said that the earth was round, and that, if a man sailed straight west, he would at last come back to the place from which he had started.
Yet none of these wise men ever sailed west to find out if this were true.
17. Christopher Columbus heard what the wise men had said. The more he thought about their words, and the longer he watched the sea and the sky, the more he believed that they were right. At last he made up his mind to go and find out.
18. In those days, spices, silks, and gems were brought from far-off India to Italy and other countries of Europe.
19. To reach India, ships sailed to the east for weeks and weeks. When they were filled with the treasures for which they had gone, they turned about and sailed back to Italy. This was a long and costly voyage.One of the ships
20. Now Columbus said that if the earth was round, as he believed it was, he could reach India in a shorter time by sailing to the west. Then, when his ships were filled with the treasures of India, he would start home, still sailing westward. In this way he would prove that the earth is round.
21. But to do all this, Columbus needed ships and money, and he had neither. He went to many rich and learned men, and asked their help. They only laughed at him.
22. Years passed; still Columbus found no one to help him, but he would not give up. At last he went to Spain, and the good queen gave him three little ships and sent some men to sail with him.
23. With these he started across the sea to discover the new way to India.IV
24. Columbus and his men little thought how long it would be before they saw land again. Two, three, four weeks went by, and still no land was in sight.
25. The men thought of the old stories about the Sea of Darkness. They feared that they would never reach their homes again. They wished to turn back, but Columbus would not do that.
26. One night clouds covered the sky. The wind blew hard, the waves rose, and there was a great storm. It lasted three days and three nights. Then the sun shone and the sea grew calm, but still no land was in sight.
27. One day a bird came flying by. The men were glad to see it, for they knew it must have come from shore. Land could not be far away.
28. Soon other signs of land were seen. Weeds floated on the waves. Many birds were seen on the wing. Yet day after day went by and the sailors could see no land.
29. They grew angry because Columbus would not turn back. Some of them wished to kill him. Those were sad days and nights for the brave sailor.V
30. One night Columbus was watching, as he often did. He stood on the high deck of the ship and looked over the waters. Far away a light seemed to rise and fall on the sea.
31. The next morning the longed-for land was in sight. How glad the men were to see it, and how happy Columbus was!
32. They took the small boats and rowed to the shore. There they fell on their faces and kissed the ground, and thanked God who had brought them to land.They fell on their faces and thanked God.
33. Strange men came to the shore to see the sailors. These men had red skins and long, straight, black hair.
Columbus thought the land he had reached was India. So he called these men Indians, and that is what we call them to this day.
34. We know now that Columbus had done more than he thought. Instead of reaching the Old World by sailing west, he had come to a New World. He had discovered America!
____________soonwovendovewoollovedrookshootoftenoxencoveredstoodschool8HANS, THE SHEPHERD BOYGermanyguidekindlyseveralshepherdtrustaffectionservantearnfaithfullypraiserobbervillageservehonstyprinceI
1. A long time ago there lived in Germany a little shepherd boy named Hans. One day he was watching his sheep in a meadow near a great wood, when a hunter came up to him from the forest.
2. "How far is it to the nearest village, my boy?" asked the hunter.
"It is six miles, sir," Hans answered. "But the road is only a sheep track, and it is very easy to miss it."
3. The hunter looked grave, and said: "My boy, I have been lost in this wood. I am tired and hungry. Leave your sheep here and show me the way, and I will pay you well."
4. Many boys would have gone at once; but Hans said: "I cannot leave the sheep, sir, They would stray into the wood and be eaten by wolves or taken by robbers."
5. "Well, what of that?" replied the hunter. "They are not your sheep. The loss of one or two would not be much to your master, and I will give you more than you could earn in a whole year."
6. "Sir, I cannot go," said Hans. "My master pays me to take care of his sheep, and I cannot leave them until my day's work is done. Besides, if any of the sheep were lost, I should be as much to blame as if I had taken them."
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