托福真题词汇题型分类速记(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-05-25 12:15:00

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作者:新东方考试研究中心

出版社:西安交通大学出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

托福真题词汇题型分类速记

托福真题词汇题型分类速记试读:

前言

托福考试是大学水平的英语使用及理解能力测试,评估考生在英语听、说、读、写技能方面的综合能力。托福考试是全球最为广泛也最受重视的英语语言考试,它获得了130多个国家(包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国及美国)逾9,000想·所学院、大学和机构的普遍认可。全球有超过2,700万人通过参加托福考试来证明其英语语言能力。随着留学热的升温,中国参加托福考试的人数也在逐年增加。

打好词汇基础对于中国的托福考生来说无疑是非常重要的。托福考试没有统一的大纲,考题涉及生活、学习的各个领域,对词汇量要求很高。但托福考试并不是单纯考查词汇量,而是检验考生的语言运用能力,这就要求考生在复习时不能死背单词,而是要活学活用。因此,我们为所有积极备战托福的考生量身打造了这本《托福真题词汇题型分类速记》。

本书具备以下特点:词汇分级,循序渐进

本书收录了约7,000个托福常考单词及其派生词汇和同义词,按单词难度分为“基础词汇”、“核心词汇”和“认知词汇”三大部分,其中“核心词汇”部分根据单词在各个单项出现的频率将其分为听力/口语核心词、阅读核心词、写作核心词三部分。考生可以根据自己的掌握程度有的放矢地进行备考,而初次备考托福的考生则可以循序渐进,按照从易到难的步骤,逐步复习所有单词。经典例句,机经提示

与一般的国内考试相比,托福考试的阅读文章偏重学术类,理解起来比较难,而托福口语和写作更是让考生感到手足无措。因此本书在为单词编写例句时,专门从国外报刊、学术杂志中选取了原汁原味的句子,为考生提供了丰富的写作、口语和阅读素材,帮助考生提升写作、口语和阅读能力。同时,本书通过对托福考试机经进行整理,总结了主要考点和一些相关知识,并以[Tip]的形式呈现,帮助考生在记忆单词的同时,掌握考点、拓展知识。主题分类,联想记忆

托福考试的核心词汇是备考的重点,因此我们根据各题型词汇的使用频率和特点,将其分为听力/口语核心词、阅读核心词和写作核心词三部分。同时,又根据单词词义将每部分单词归类到常考主题下,如日常生活、学校教育、人文艺术等,帮助考生将同类单词进行联想记忆。另外,认知词汇部分也采用了主题分类。随书录音,纠正发音

口语是托福考试的一个重点,单词发音不准成为中国考生在口语考试中取得高分的绊脚石。因此,本书中所有主词条都配有录音,采用美式发音。“基础词汇”和“核心词汇”部分的录音包含了英文例句,“认知词汇”部分的录音包含了主词条的中文释义,帮助考生加强单词记忆效果。请登录http://download.dogwood.com.cn/chuguo/tffl.zip免费下载本书配套音频资料。

备考托福,不可一蹴而就。往往在历经千辛万苦,突破每一个难点之后,才能达到最终的目标。编者衷心希望本书能够助怀抱“留学梦”的学子们一臂之力。编者IELTS VOCABULARY基础词汇abide [əˈbaɪd] v. 遵守;忍受

例 By participating in the contest, each entrant agrees to abide and be bound by all of the official contest rules. 参加了竞赛,每位竞赛者都同意遵守官方竞赛规则,并受其约束。

拓 [同] tolerate [ˈtɑːləreɪt] (v. 容忍,默许)abnormal [æbˈnɔːrml] adj. 反常的;变态的

搭 abnormal behavior 变态行为

例 Abnormal climate changes caused by El Nino and other natural phenomena are hindering sustainable development. 由厄尔尼诺和其他自然现象引起的反常的气候变化正阻碍着可持续发展。

拓 [同] unusual [ʌnˈjuːʒuəl] (adj. 不平常的,与众不同的)Tip 在生物学中,动物的“变态”(如昆虫的蛹chrysalides)用metamorphosis;另外,在西方文学史上,古罗马诗人奥维德(Ovidius)有一部著名的史诗作品《变形记》(Metamorphoses),取材于古希腊神话。absolute [ˈæbsəluːt] adj. 完全的;绝对的

搭 absolute zero 绝对零度;with absolute certainty 绝对肯定地

例 The technique allows scientists to chill atoms to a temperature as low as a millionth of a degree above absolute zero. 这种技术能使科学家们冷却原子,冷却温度能低到绝对零度之上的百万分之一度。Tip 托福考题中出现了absolute advantages这一词组,意思为“绝对优势”。以文中的主题为例:热带地区不用任何设备就适合种香蕉,而在美国这样的国家种植香蕉需要搭建温室,由此说来,热带国家在种植香蕉方面是占有absolute advantages的。accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] v. (使)加快,加速

例 Growing crops to make biofuels may accelerate global warming, not slow down its effects, a new study says. 一项新的研究表明,种植庄稼所产生的生物燃料可能会加速全球变暖,而不是减缓其影响。

拓 [派] acceleration (n. 加速);accelerating (adj. 加速的)accent [ˈæksent] n. 重音,重音符号;口音,腔调;特色,特点,特征

例 There are some men with Siberian accent carrying out military training in the Amazon tropical forest. 一些有西伯利亚口音的人正在亚马孙热带雨林中进行军事训练。accident [ˈæksɪdənt] n. 意外事件,事故

例 It is no accident that most of the country's public schools are in wealthy communities. 这个国家多数的公立学校都设立在富有的社区里,这并不是一种巧合。accidental [ˌæksɪˈdentl] adj. 意外的;偶然的

例 A teenager dies in a hospital after suffering a suspected accidental head injury in Derbyshire town. 一位少年在遭受了疑似头部意外创伤后,在德贝郡的一家医院里去逝。accommodate [əˈkɑːmədeɪt] v. 供应(住宿或房间);使适应,调节;容纳,包含

搭 accommodate to 适应…

例 The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is encouraging the quake victims to move from the local camp to a new camp that could accommodate up to 2,000 families. 联合国难民署鼓励地震灾民从当地的营地迁到一个最多可容纳2000个家庭的新营地去。

拓 [派] accommodation (n. [常pl.] 住处,膳宿)[同] [səˈplaɪ] supply (v. 供给 n. 供应,供应量)accommodation [əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn] [常pl.] n. 住处,膳宿,居住舱室;适应,调节;和解

例 In no circumstances should the accommodation for children be on a floor above the level at which their parents or guardians are accommodated. 无论如何,孩子们都不能住在比他们父母或监护人居住的楼层还要高的地方。Tip accommodation是托福考试中最常见的涉及住宿、租房类话题的单词之一,是一个高频词,考生在复习时要尤为注意其读音、拼写等。account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 解释,说明;账户;考虑 v. 说明…的原因,解释;(在数量、比例方面)占;导致

搭 savings account 储蓄账户;open an account 开户;checking account 活期存款,支票户头;(指数量等)占;on account of 因为,由于;account for 解释,说明(原因等)

例 Throughout the world today, people with mental diseases still suffer abuse, mistreatment, discrimination, and even death on account of their disabilities. 今天的世界各地,患有精神疾病的人由于自身的残疾仍在遭受辱骂、虐待、歧视甚至死亡威胁。

拓 [同] interpretation [ɪnˌtɜːrprɪˈteɪʃn] (n. 解释,说明;翻译)accustom [əˈkʌstəm] v. 使习惯于

例 The campaign aims at accustoming citizens to the concept of waste prevention through the medium of simple and familiar tips. 这项活动旨在通过简单而熟悉的小贴士让市民习惯“杜绝浪费”的概念。Tip 托福考试曾在一篇讲述工业革命(Industrial Revolution)的文章中,考过get accustomed to(习惯于)这个用法。另外,这篇工业革命的文章还涉及瓦特(James Watt)和他发明的蒸汽机(stream engine)。acquire [əˈkwaɪər] v. 获得;学到

搭 acquire knowledge 获取知识;acquire a skill 学会技能

例 Traditional legal system and societal norms often deny women the right to acquire and inherit property, particularly in Oriental countries. 传统的法律体系和社会规范常常否认妇女获得并继承财产的权利,在东方国家尤其如此。

拓 [同] obtain [əbˈteɪn] (v. 获得,得到)addict [əˈdɪkt] v. 使上瘾,使沉溺 [ˈædɪkt] n. 上瘾的人

搭 drug/heroin/morphine addict 吸食毒品/海洛因/吗啡成瘾者

例 Although Philip was over 30 years old, he's addicted to computer games like teenagers. 菲利普虽然年过30,但还是像青少年一样迷恋于电脑游戏。

拓 [派] addictive (adj. 使人上瘾的);addiction ( n. 上瘾,沉溺)addition [əˈdɪʃn] n. 加,加法,加成;增加的人;扩建部分;另外,加之

搭 in addition 另外,加之,此外

例 In addition to global environmental problems, the death and disease caused by polluted water costs $12.8 billion a year. 除了全球性的环境问题外,由污染水所导致的死亡和疾病每年会让我们损失128亿美元。additionally [əˈdɪʃənl] adv. 添加地,附加地,追加地

例 Demand for agricultural output is increasing rapidly as the world's population grows. Additionally, rising incomes enable people to eat more animal protein—fish and meat. 随着全球人口的增长,对农业产量的需求也飞速增长。另外,收入的增加使得人们可以吃到更多的动物蛋白——鱼类和肉类。adept [əˈdept] adj. 熟练的,擅长的

搭 be adept in 擅长…

例 Many falcons seem adept at catching flying insects and small running animals with their feet. 很多猎鹰似乎擅长用它们的爪子来捕捉飞行中的昆虫和奔跑中的小动物。

拓 [同] skilled [skɪld] (adj. 熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的)adolescent [ˌædəˈlesnt] n. 青少年 adj. 青春期的,青少年的

例 The adolescent male tiger was from a small population in Italy, about 20km away from the Swiss border. 处于成长期的雄性老虎来自意大利的一个小数量种群,距离瑞士边境大概20公里。advance [ədˈvæns] v. 使向前移动;将…向前推进;促进,加速…的进程 n. 进展;前进

例 The President on Friday told ambassadors to the United States that his administration is committed to working with all countries to advance common goals. 这位总统于周五同各国驻美大使说,他的行政部门会和所有国家合作达成共同的目标。advancement [ədˈvænsmənt] n. 前进,进步

例 The advancement in assisted reproduction and genetics has offered parents choices about their children they have never had before. 辅助生育以及基因技术的进步为父母提供了他们从未拥有过的选择孩子的机会。adverse [ədˈvɜːrs] adj. 负面的;不利的

例 No one has ever thought that the lacking of money could cause such an adverse effect on the research program. 没有人曾想过,资金的缺乏会给研究项目带来如此不利的影响。

拓 [同] negative [ˈneɡətɪv] (adj. 否定的;消极的;负的);unfavorable [ʌnˈfeɪvərəbl] (adj. 不适宜的;不顺利的;反对的,不赞同的)advertise [ˈædvərtaɪz] v. 为…做广告,宣传

例 Buses can become an effective tool to advertise environmental protection and sustainable development concepts. 公交车可以成为宣传环保和可持续发展概念的一个有效的工具。

拓 [同] promote [prəˈmoʊt] (v. 促进;提升;宣传)Tip 托福口语中曾考查过大众媒体广告(mass media adver-tisement)话题。教授介绍说有两种方式,一种是direct route,一种是indirect route,广告客户(advertiser)选择哪种方式,取决于产品本身(depend on the products)。affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响;假装

搭 be affected by... 被…影响

例 Pollutants emitted in big cities affect much more people, compared with emissions in rural areas. 和农村地区排放的废物相比,大城市排放的污染物所影响的人要更多。affective [əˈfektɪv] adj. 感情方面的,感情(上)的,情感的;由感情引起的

例 No one looks forward to spring more than people with seasonal affective disorder, who grow depressed in the waning light of winter. 没有人比患有应季性情绪紊乱症的人更期盼春天的到来,因为他们会随冬天日益减弱的日光而变得伤感。afford [əˈfɔːrd] v. 买得起;冒险做;提供,供给

搭 afford to do sth. 负担得起…

例 Graduates who can't afford to set up their own shops can rent the center's equipment for their own projects. 没钱自己建立店铺的毕业生可以租借这个中心的设备用于自己的计划。

拓 [同] provide [prəˈvaɪd] (v. 提供);supply [səˈplaɪ] (n./v. 供应)affordable [əˈfɔːrdəbl] adj. 负担得起的,便宜的

搭 affordable housing 买得起的住房

例 Every government should have to make sure that the health plans are affordable to average people. 每个政府都应该保证健康计划能让普通老百姓负担得起。agenda [əˈdʒendə] n. 日程,议程

搭 be top of the agenda 最重要的;on the agenda 需要讨论的

例 Helping deaf-blind people is back on the agenda at local authorities. 帮助盲聋人群又重新回到地方当局的日程当中。agreeable [əˈɡriːəbl] adj. 使人愉快的;欣然同意的

例 The suggestion was not agreeable to others as it was overly detailed and descriptive. 这个建议没有得到其他人同意,因为过于细碎且描述过多。

拓 [同] pleasant [ˈpleznt] (adj. 令人愉快的);willing [ˈwɪlɪŋ] (adj. 乐意的)airfare [ˈerfer] n. 飞机票价

例 Ticket sales by phone will incur a $15 per person surcharge, and purchases at airport will cost $25 more than on-line airfare. 通过电话订票收取每人15美元的附加费,如果在机场购票的话就会比在线订飞机票多花费25美元。alert [əˈlɜːrt] adj. 警惕的,机警的;机灵的 v. 提醒 n. 警报;警惕

搭 make sb. alert 使…清醒,使…精神;air alert 空袭警报

例 Many countries don't understand that the World Health Organization does not plan at this time to raise its alert level of the disease. 许多国家不理解为什么世界卫生组织此时不打算提高这种疾病的警戒标准。

拓 [同] vigilant [ˈvɪdʒɪlənt] (adj. 警觉的,警惕的);watchful [ˈwɑːtʃfl] (adj. 警惕的,戒备的)alliance [əˈlaɪəns] n. 结盟,联盟

例 The company is pleased to announce that it has signed a strategic alliance agreement with the leading enterprise in the pharmaceutical industry. 这家公司很高兴地宣布已经和制药业的一家龙头企业签署了战略联盟协议。alter [ˈɔːltər] v. 改变,修改

例 Full equality would require a process of social transformation that would alter the balance of gender power. 完全的平等要求一个社会转变的过程,而这个过程将改变性别权力的平衡。

拓 [派] alteration (n. 改变,变更)[同] change [tʃeɪndʒ] (v. 交换;变化);vary [ˈværi] (v. 改变,变更;多样化)amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] adj. 令人惊异的

搭 amazing colors 五彩缤纷

例 My mother really was an amazing person. She had a varied life, lived all over the world, so she was interested in everything and everybody she met. 我的妈妈是一位让人感到惊奇的人。她的生活很丰富,旅居世界各地,所以她对所见到的任何人和事都感兴趣。

拓 [同] astounding [əˈstaʊndɪŋ] (adj. 令人惊骇的,令人震惊的);surprising [sərˈpraɪzɪŋ] (adj. 令人惊讶的)ambitious [æmˈbɪʃəs] adj. 有雄心的,野心勃勃的

例 Ambitious plans to grow large amount of trees to soak up carbon dioxide and restore the rainforest have got underway in the country. 该国制订了一个雄心勃勃的计划——种大量的树来吸收二氧化碳并重建热带雨林,目前该计划已经在实施中。amount [əˈmaʊnt] n. 总额 v. 总计达

搭 extra amount 额外数量;a large amount of 大量的

例 This report will prompt industry and government to take action to reduce the amount of fishing in the marine environment. 这份报告将促使渔业部门及政府采取行动来减少海洋环境下的捕鱼量。

拓 [同] quantity [ˈkwɑːntəti] (n. 数量,大量);totalize [ˈtoʊtəlaɪz] (v. 使成为整体;总结;计算总数)ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] adj. 古代的;古老的

搭 ancient times 远古时代;ancient Rome 古罗马;ancient history 古代史

例 The rich ancient civilizations of Rome, Carthage, Ghana and Egypt depended on trade for their development. 罗马、迦太基、加纳和埃及这些富足的文明古国依靠贸易进行发展。

拓 [同] archaic [ɑːrˈkeɪɪk] (adj. 古代的;古老的);old [oʊld] (adj. 老的,以前的;旧的)Tip 托福考试中经常涉及一些考古类的文章,比如一篇关于史前陶瓷(prehistory pottery)的文章提到,史前陶瓷用来测定其他沉积物的年代(dating other deposit),还可以帮助区分不同的地区(distinguish between different regions)。anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] adj. 渴望的;担忧的

例 When you become anxious about sleeplessness, you actually make the problem worse. 当你开始为失眠问题而焦虑时,实际上,你只会使问题更糟。apologize [əˈpɑːlədʒaɪz] v. 道歉

搭 apologize to sb. 向…道歉;apologize for (doing) sth. 因(做)…而道歉

例 Hopefully, all aspiring politicians should apologize now about their past misconduct before electing to vie for important positions. 现在,但愿所有抱负远大的政客都能够在竞选重要位置前为之前所做的不端行为道歉。apology [əˈpɑːlədʒi] n. 道歉,歉意

例 You are too naive if you believe that he will accept your apology. 如果你相信他会接受你的道歉的话,那你真是太天真了。

拓 [同] regret [rɪˈɡret] (n./v. 遗憾;抱歉)apply [əˈplaɪ] v. 申请,请求;适用;应用,运用

搭 apply to 适用于…;与…有关;应用;apply for 申请;apply to the customs 报关

例 The guidelines for the program apply to collections of papers that are published in a single volume. 这个项目的指导方针适用于单册出版的论文集。appreciate [əˈpriːʃieɪt] v. 赏识;鉴赏;感激

搭 be very much appreciated 非常感激

例 Policymakers need to be better informed of these issues in order for them to appreciate the serious climate change problems and make better decisions. 决策者需要更深入地了解这些事件,以认识到严重的气候变化问题并作出更好的决定。

拓 [派] appreciation (n. 欣赏);appreciative (adj. 表示感激的)approve [əˈpruːv] v. 批准;赞成

搭 approve a proposal 赞成提议

例 We cannot approve the prevailing economic model because of its negative impacts. 我们不能批准这种主流的经济模式,因为它有负面影响。

拓 [同] pass [pæs] (v. 经过;传递;通过);ratify [ˈrætɪfaɪ] (v. 正式批准);assent [əˈsent] (v. 同意,赞成)approximate [əˈprɑːksɪmeɪt] v. 接近;估计 [əˈprɑːksɪmət] adj. 近似的,大约的

例 This study of the disease provides an approximate guide to the national hygiene level. 对这项疾病的研究为这个国家的卫生水平提供了一个大概的指南。

拓 [派] approximation (n. 近似值)apt [æpt] adj. 恰当的;易于…的

搭 be apt for 适合;be apt to do sth. 易于做某事

例 When a moving object catches their attention, babies are apt to focus on it. 一旦运动的物体引起了婴儿的注意,他们就易于把注意力集中到那个物体上。

拓 [同] appropriate [əˈproʊpriət] (adj. 适当的,恰如其分的)Tip apt这个词在使用时,通常都是以搭配的形式出现,其中be apt to do的形式最为常用。需要注意的是,apt to时常会连读,吞掉其中一个t发音,考生在听时要尤为注意。arouse [əˈraʊz] v. 唤醒,唤起;激起,引起

搭 arouse one's anxiety/curiosity/interest 引起不安/好奇/兴趣;arouse from 叫醒;arouse controversy 引起争论

例 The drug problem does not arouse the same sense of urgency in the minds of most Africans as compared to people in developed countries. 比起发达国家的人来说,毒品问题并没有在非洲人的头脑里激起同样的紧迫感。arrangement [əˈreɪndʒmənt] n. 排列;安排

例 The arrangement of food industry in the country needs reform and adjustment. 这个国家食品产业的安排需要改革和调整。article [ˈɑːrtɪkl] n. 文章;物品

例 Take a look around Nottinghamshire; read articles and features about different places across the county. 四处参观一下诺丁汉郡,就这个郡不同的地方,读一些相关的文章,了解一下特色。aspect [ˈæspekt] n. 方面

搭 aspect of... …方面

例 Every aspect of the historic day, from the President's inaugural speech, to his wife's outfit, is analyzed by the tabloids. 从总统的就职演说到总统夫人的套装,各种小报几乎把这历史性的一天发生的所有方面都分析了个遍。

拓 [同] facet [ˈfæsɪt] [n. 面;(问题等的)方面]aspire [əˈspaɪər] v. 追求;渴望;有志于

例 For every woman, what we aspire is not just one day like this every year, but living in respect and equality each and every moment of our lives. 对于每个女性而言,我们渴望的不是一年只此一天,而是每天每时每刻生活在尊重和平等之中。assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt] n. 任务,作业;分配

例 When you submit an assignment, your instructor will get back to you quickly with a grade and some comments. 当你提交作业时,导师会给你打分并附上一些建议,然后很快返给你。assistance [əˈsɪstəns] n. 协助,援助

例 If you are planning to decorate your home, you can get financial assistance from this TV channel. 如果你计划装修自己的家的话,你可以从这个电视频道获得经济帮助。assistant [əˈsɪstənt] n. 助手,助教 adj. 辅助的,助理的

搭 a librarian assistant 图书管理员助理;a teaching assistant 助教;sales assistant 销售助理

例 The assistant of the organization said all efforts were aimed at ensuring a full result. 这个组织的助理说,所有努力都是为了确保一个全面的结果。Tip 美国学校一般都是有导师(tutor)和助教(teaching assistant)的;另外在美国大学里,“奖学金”常用 assistantship 来表示,多数是指研究生的助教奖学金。assure [əˈʃʊr] v. 确保;使确信

例 Statistical agencies assure the widest possible transfer of information, and seek advice and input from customers. 统计机构确保最大范围内可能的信息传达,并从顾客那里获取建议和反馈。

拓 [派] assurance (n. 确信;保证)[同] guarantee [ˌɡærənˈtiː] (v. 保证,担保);convince [kənˈvɪns] (v. 使确信;说服)atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪr] n. 大气,空气;气氛

搭 atmosphere pressure 大气压力

例 The company leader stressed the need for creating friendly business atmosphere in the district to continue their business. 这家公司的领导强调了在这个区营造友好商务环境以继续业务的重要性。Tip atmosphere这个词在托福写作中常出现在与环境保护相关的题材中,通常是二氧化碳排放(emission of carbon dioxide)、全球变暖(global warming)等内容。attach [əˈtætʃ] v. 连接;贴上;依附于

例 We attach great importance to the establishment of a mechanism which will monitor the whole working procedure. 我们将重点放在整个工作流程的监控机制的确立上。

拓 [派] attachment (n. 附着,附带)[同] fix [fɪks] (v. 使固定;确定) connect [kəˈnekt] (v. 连接);affix [əˈfɪks] (v. 粘上,贴上,附加上)attached [əˈtætʃt] adj. 附加的;附属的

例 The three boxes each contained a camera with a lens attached. 三个盒子每个都装着一架相机带一个镜头。attend [əˈtend] v. 参加;入学;照顾

搭 attend to be 往往…;attend to sb./sth. 照顾/照料…;attend class 上课

例 The foreign journalists were invited to attend a press conference at 10:00-12:00 on September 12 in the Friendship Palace, Beijing Hotel. 这些外国记者被邀请于9月12日上午10点至12点到北京饭店的友谊宫参加一场记者招待会。attendance [əˈtendəns] n. 出席;出席人数;照料

搭 take attendance 点名;be in attendance 负责;值班

例 In this country, the government aimed to reduce the burden of girls in order to improve their school attendance. 在这个国家,政府为了增加女孩子的入学率,打算减轻她们的负担。

拓 [同] presence [ˈprezns] (n. 出席,到场)attention [əˈtenʃn] n. 注意(力),留心;立正

搭 pay attention to 注意;personal attention 个人关注

例 All people know that the movies with many famous stars always attract great attention of the public. 众所周知,汇聚众多明星的电影总是引起公众广泛的关注。Tip 托福口语中出现过关于两种集中注意力的方法(two types of attention)的材料:有些学生会努力地集中注意力(use efforts to focus attention),但是很难持续;另一些学生只要有足够的兴趣(interested enough),就可以集中注意力。attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引,招引,引诱;引起(注意力等)

搭 be attracted to sth. 被…所吸引

例 This exhibition with lots of ancient traditional folk ware has attracted thousands of visitors. 这个展览会展出许多古代传统民间器具,吸引了成千上万的来宾。

拓 [同] lure [lʊr] (v. 吸引,诱惑);draw [drɔː] (v. 汲取,吸取;引起,吸引)audience [ˈɔːdiəns] n. 听众,观众;谒见,会见

搭 a small audience 少量观众;a mass audience 大量观众

例 All participants are encouraged to speak slowly and loudly, especially when they are performing outside or for a large audience. 所有参与者都被鼓励放慢语速且大声说话,尤其是当他们在外面表演或面对大批观众的时候。

拓 [同] listener [ˈlɪsənər] (n. 收听者,听众);spectator [ˈspekteɪtər] (n. 观众,旁观者)average [ˈævərɪdʒ] adj. 一般的;平庸的 n. 平均水平;平均数 v. 平均为

搭 average person 常人;the average per capita 人均

例 The cameras note a car's number plate, and the average speed of the vehicle between two points, often miles apart, is then calculated. 摄像机记录下汽车牌照并计算汽车在两点之间(通常是几英里远)的平均速度。awake [əˈweɪk] adj. 醒着的;警觉的 v. 唤醒,唤起;觉醒;醒悟到,认识到

搭 stay awake 保持清醒;awake sb. to do sth. 唤醒…做

例 It is necessary to awake the creative capabilities of all men, women and young people as well as their desire to participate in the volunteer works. 很有必要唤醒所有男性、女性和年轻人的创造能力,还有他们参加志愿者工作的意愿。awareness [əˈwernəs] n. 知道;注意;意识

搭 social awareness 公众意识

例 The teaching of the connections between daily life, water shortages and pollution to children and adults can raise awareness and understanding of environment issues. 教导孩子及大人日常生活与水资源短缺和污染的联系,可以提高他们对环境问题的意识和理解。

拓 [同] realization [ˌriːələˈzeɪʃn] (n. 实现;意识)Tip 在医学类文章中,“意识”用的是consciousness,而“潜意识”或“下意识”则是subconsciousness;托福口语考试就曾考查过“意识行为”(conscious behavior)和“非意识行为”(unconscious behavior)的用法。awe [ɔː] n. 敬畏;惊惧 v. 使…敬畏

例 Rahman produces music that is so original and so unique that one can't help but be in awe of his every creation. 拉赫曼所创作的音乐都具有原创性并且出类拔萃,以至于人们对于他的每一部作品都敬佩有加。awful [ˈɔːfl] adj. 不舒服的;糟糕的;可怕的

搭 look/feel/be awful 看起来/感觉不舒服/糟糕;an awful day 糟糕的一天

例 Very likely, the government would spend an awful lot more than $3 million to reconstruct the gallery. 政府很有可能花费超过300万的巨额美金来重建这个美术馆。

拓 [同] terrible [ˈterəbl] (adj. 很糟的;可怕的;极度的);awesome [ˈɔːsəm] (adj. 引起敬畏的;可怕的)awkward [ˈɔːkwərd] adj. 别扭的;笨拙的

搭 an awkward question 棘手的问题

例 If you prepare in advance, you won't be in an awkward position. 如果你能提前准备,就不会遭遇棘手的境况。

拓 [派] awkwardly (adv. 笨拙地;不协调地)balance [ˈbæləns] v. 称;(使)平衡 n. 天平;平衡;差额;余款

搭 lose one's balance 失去平衡;balance oneself 保持自身平衡;a balance of nature 自然平衡;keep/maintain balance 保持平衡;sense of balance 平衡感

例 The environmentalist found it difficult to balance climate change, economic growth and poverty reduction. 环保主义者发现很难去平衡气候变化、经济增长和减少贫穷三者的关系。bald [bɔːld] adj. 光秃的

搭 bald eagle 秃鹰

例 An environmental organization has found high levels of mercury in the blood and feathers of bald eagle chicks in the Catskill Park region. 一个环境组织发现,卡茨基尔公园地区的秃鹰雏禽的血液和羽毛中含有超高的水银量。balloon [bəˈluːn] n. 气球

例 It will be years before I understand the significance of these little balloons. 很可能要很多年以后,我才能知道这些小气球的意义。bankrupt [ˈbæŋkrʌpt] adj. 破产了的 v. (使)破产

搭 declare bankrupt 宣告破产

例 Have you ever been bankrupt or disqualified from being a director of a company? 你曾经破过产或是被某个公司开除过董事的职位吗?

拓 [派] bankruptcy (n. 破产)bar [bɑːr] n. 酒吧;条,棒;栅;律师业 v. 禁止

搭 snack bar 快餐店

例 In 1903 the New York School Board barred married women from teaching. 1903年,纽约学校理事会禁止已婚女性执教。basic [ˈbeɪsɪk] adj. 基本的,基础的

搭 basic rights 基本权利

例 It's very important for African countries to meet their basic needs without undermining the environment. 对于非洲国家来说,满足他们最基本的需求而又不破坏环境是非常重要的。bear [ber] n. 熊 v. 负担;支撑;具有;生产,生育

搭 the polar bear 北极熊;grin and bear it 逆来顺受;bear a resemblance to sth. 与…相似

例 The park claims the polar bear enclosure will be the largest in Europe, with a large pool and a natural tundra. 公园声称这个北极熊馆是欧洲最大的,里面拥有大型水池和天然苔原。beat [biːt] n. 拍子 v. 敲打 adj. 疲惫的

搭 beat down 镇压;打倒

例 North American adults are not "rhythm challenged," the study says. They have plenty of rhythm, but they are accustomed to more regular meter, the music's underlying beat. 研究表明,北美洲的成年人并不是“节奏挑战者”。他们的确拥有很多的节奏,但是他们已经习惯了比较规律的节奏,即音乐的固有拍子。behave [bɪˈheɪv] v. 行为,表现;运转,开动

搭 behave yourself 表现良好,行为良好

例 If the states behave in a predictable and transparent way, this can build confidence and thereby promote collective security. 如果国家以可预见的、透明的方式运转,就能建立自信,从而促进集体安全。behavior [bɪˈheɪvjər] n. 举止,行为

搭 social behavior 社会行为

例 There are many causes of unusual or strange behavior, including medical and psychiatric illnesses. 不寻常或奇怪行为的原因有很多,包括医疗和精神疾病。

拓 [同] conduct [ˈkɑːndʌkt] (n. 行为)Tip behavior这个词在托福考试中是绝对的高频词。托福中曾考过的关于behavior的用法有:2008年1月的extinction of behavior(行为的消失);2008年5月的nonfunctional behavior(非功能性行为)等等。benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. 利益,好处;恩惠 v. (使)受益;有益于

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