作者：李清如
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和外国人聊环保试读：
和外国人聊环保
作者：李清如排版：skip本书由北京明天远航文化传播有限公司授权北京当当科文电子商务有限公司制作与发行。— · 版权所有 侵权必究 · —和外国人聊环保最实用的话题，最地道的表达，最实用的词汇，助您突破英语口语瓶颈，实现与老外进行深层次对话和交流；玩转英语口语，见老外不再有口难开；打造沟通高手，说英语也能出口成章；与老外聊天最实用的话题，最原生态的会话场景。
本书不同于一般的英语口语学习书，所选取的每一个话题都是从老外的角度出发，找出他们最感兴趣的话题。每个话题都独立成篇，读者可以根据自己的兴趣从中选取最感兴趣的话题进行练习。
本书语言生动、简洁，让读者在学习地道英语的同时也能感受到英美国家的世风民情。对话中大量的英语固定表达，使您能够非常准确、得体、幽默地与老外进行深度对话。
Low-carbon Lifestyle低碳生活
所谓“低碳生活”就是把生活作息时间中所耗用的能量尽量减少，从而减低二氧化碳的排放量。低碳生活，对于普通人来说是一种生活态度，同时也成为人们推进潮流的新方式。它给我们提出的是一个“愿不愿意和大家共同创造低碳生活”的问题。 但是我们应该积极提倡并去实践低碳生活，要注意节电、节气、熄灯一小时……从这些点滴做起。
What is low-carbon lifestyle
什么是低碳生活
Low-carbon power comes from sources that produce fewer greenhouse gases than do traditional means of power generation. It includes zero carbon power generation sources, such as wind power, solar power, geothermal power and (except for fuel preparation) nuclear power, as well as sources with lower-level emissions such as natural gas and also technologies that prevent carbon dioxide from being emitted into the atmosphere, such as carbon capture and storage. These power-generation techniques emit significantly less carbon dioxide than a traditional fossil fuel power plant.
A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) or Low-Fossil-Fuel Economy (LFFE) is an economy which has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Recently, some scientific and public opinion has concluded that anthropogenic (human activity) caused GHG emissions are either causing climate change or making climate change worse. Those who have drawn this conclusion are concerned there will be negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future because of climate change. Globally implemented LCE’s therefore are proposed, by those who have drawn this conclusion, as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change, and as a precursor to the more advanced, zero-carbon society and renewable-energy economy.
A low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is a rule enacted to reduce carbon intensity in transportation fuels as compared to conventional petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The most common low-carbon fuels are alternative fuels and cleaner fossil fuels, such as natural gas (CNG and LPG). The main purpose of a low-carbon fuel standard is to decrease carbon dioxide emissions associated to fuel-powered vehicles considering the entire life cycle (“well to wheels”), in order to reduce the carbon footprint of transportation.
低碳生活（low-carbon life style）可以理解为：减少二氧化碳（carbon dioxide）的排放，就是低能量(energy resources)、低消耗(consumption)、低开支(expenditure)的生活。“节能减排”(energy conservation and emission reduction)，不仅是当今社会的流行语(catchword)，更是关系到人类未来的战略选择(strategic choice)。提高“节能减排”意识，对自己的生活方式或消费习惯(consumption custom)进行简单易行的改变，一起减少全球温室气体(greenhouse gases)（主要减少二氧化碳）排放，意义十分重大。“低碳生活”节能环保，有利于减缓全球气候变暖和环境恶化的速度。减少二氧化碳排放，选择“低碳生活”，是每位公民应尽的责任。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
The so-called “low-carbon lifestyle” means to reduce the energy resources of our daily life as far as possible, and decrease the discharge of carbon dioxide.
所谓“低碳生活”就是把生活作息时间中所耗用的能量尽量减少，从而减少二氧化碳的排放量。
Low-carbon lifestyle is an attitude towards life for ordinary people.
低碳生活，对于普通人来说是一种生活态度。
“Low-carbon lifestyle” is in favor of slowing down the global warming and environmental deterioration, which is imperative.“低碳生活”有利于减缓全球气候变暖和环境恶化的速度，势在必行。
Reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and choose “low-carbon lifestyle” is the responsibility of every civilians.
减少二氧化碳排放，选择“低碳生活”，是每位公民应尽的责任。
“Low-carbon lifestyle” is not the catchword of modern society, but relate to the strategic choice of future development of human beings.“低碳生活”不仅是当今社会的流行语，更是关系到人类未来的战略选择。
“Low-carbon lifestyle” makes our earth more beautiful.
低碳生活让地球更加美丽。
“Low-carbon lifestyle” can be realized by collective consciousness and exchange consciousness.
低碳需要集体意识和交换意识才能实现。
In recent year, due to the all-out popularization of low-carbon lifestyle, many people in unban cities go out by bike even on foot rather than drive cars any more.
最近几年，由于国家全力推广低碳生活，现在城市里有许多人平常出行不再用小轿车，而是用自行车，还有一些人直接步行了。
Planting trees is significant for low-carbon lifestyle, because the trees can be sand-proof and increase the water retaining capability of soil as well as improve the ecological environment.
要想做到低碳生活，我们要多植树，因为树木可以防风沙，增加土壤蓄水能力，还可以大大改善生态环境。
Along with the development of technology, people are becoming richer and richer and there are more private cars in the street, which make people away from low-carbon lifestyle.
随着科技的发展，人们越来越富裕，大街上的私家车也慢慢地多了起来，大家渐渐地远离了低碳生活。
Water is an insufficient resources, and water saving is the way of low-carbon lifestyle.
水已是稀缺资源，节约用水才是低碳生活。
The avocation of “low-carbon lifestyle” is responded by civilians and relative department.“低碳生活”的呼吁得到了市民以及有关部门的响应。
Why shall we pursue the “low-carbon lifestyle”?
为什么要提倡“低碳生活“？
Actually, there are many small tips for low-carbon lifestyle.
实际上，低碳生活有很多小窍门。
Now, increasingly more people are aware of the importance of “low-carbon lifestyle” and devote to “low-carbon lifestyle” actively.
现在越来越多的人意识到了“低碳生活”的重要性并积极加入“低碳生活”。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Gorge: Hi Nancy, you also came to listen the “energy and the sustainable development” report?
乔治：南希你好，你也来听“能源和可持续发展”的报告了？
Nancy: Yes. What are your feelings about this report?
南希：是的。你感觉这个报告怎么样？
Gorge: I think I learn a lot. As known to all, with the development of society, a large of energy sources have been used, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and so on. However, the quantity of energy source is limited. Unlimited usage of energy source results in energy crisis.
乔治：我认为我学到了很多。众所周知，随着社会的发展，大量的能源被消耗，比如煤、石油和天然气等。然而这些能源的数量是有限的。对能源的无节制利用会导致能源危机。
Nancy: Yes, you are right. Since the first “energy crisis” of 1973-1974, it has appeared several times. The economies of some petroleum-deficient developing countries have been devastated by energy crisis.
南希：没错，你说的对。自从1973年到1974年第一次能源危机开始，已经出现了很多次。很多石油缺乏的发展中国家都因为能源的短缺而导致了经济的衰退。
Gorge: The fossil energy resource, for example coal, is unlike sunlight. They’re not reproductive during human history. Once consumed, they’re gone forever. In addition, the high pollution produced by coal is also an issue that should be taken into consideration.
乔治：化石能源，例如煤不像太阳能。它们在人类社会中是不可再生能源。一旦被消耗，就将永远消失。此外由煤产生的高污染也是应当思考的问题。
Nancy: So, obviously, solving the “energy crisis” and keep sustainable development make sense. Many schemes have been proposed for conserving present energy resources and developing new ones.
南希：所以，很明显，解决“能源危机”并保证可持续发展是有意义的。保护现有能源并开发新能源的议案已经提出。
Gorge: Yes, I think developing new energy is imperative. Such as wind power solar energy, water power, nuclear fusion power, and hydrogen gas.
乔治：是的，我认为开发新能源是必不可少的。像风能、太阳能、水能、核能和氢气。
Nancy: Therefore, energy engineer is created and developed. The first goal of it is to determine the methods by which energy utilization is reduced but the output remains the same or even increases. The second goal is to determine which methods of using less energy are most effectively.
南希：因此，能源工程师正在出现和发展。第一个目标就是确定减少能源利用，同时维持甚至增加能源产出的方法。第二个目标就是确定哪种节约能源的方式最有效。
Gorge: So, we can live a low-carbon life. Low-carbon has become a high-frequency and fashionable word recently. Low-carbon life means a kind of lifestyle in which people do their best to reduce energy consumption and carbon greenhouse gas emissions.
乔治：这样，我们就能够过低碳生活了。最近低碳生活已经成为了高频词和流行词。低碳生活是指一种人们尽量减少能源消耗和温室气体排放的生活方式。
Nancy: Yes, how can we live a low-carbon life? I think firstly, we should recognize that low-carbon life is not only a kind of lifestyle but also life attitude. Each of us is responsible for the greenhouse gases we emit in our daily actions .Secondly we should develop good habits in our daily lives.
南希：是的，那么我们如何进行低碳生活呢？首先我认为我们应当认识到低碳生活不仅是一种生活方式，也是一种生活态度。每个人都有义务减少日常生活中的温室气体排放。第二，我们应当培养好的生活习惯。
Gorge: Yes, we know that all motorized travel is carbon-intensive. Buses and trains are better than cars, but walking or cycling is best.
乔治：是的，我们都知道机动车的碳排放量很大。公交车和火车就好得多，而步行或自行车则是最好的。
Nancy: Besides, we should enhance our professional knowledge.
南希：此外我们还应当提高我们的专业知识。
Gorge: Yes. Now, let’s go back to prepare our studies.
乔治：是的，我们现在就去准备学习吧。
Green Fashion绿色时尚
我们生活的方方面面都需要绿色与健康。远离污染，打造绿色生活，可以从点点滴滴的生命细节开始：着手减少室内有害气体（不喷发胶）、悬浮颗粒及电磁辐射的污染。纯天然的植物提取物并非都是健康的，可自制真正适合自身的护肤品。杜绝加工食品、含有多种添加剂或经过辐射处理的食品，选用绿色食品。把大自然带回家，但并非所有物种都适合你的家。用肥皂水而非洗车香波洗车。用简便无毒又不残忍的方法解决蟑螂、蚂蚁和苍蝇。巧妙清洗孩子的衣物。
What is green life
什么是绿色生活
Green lifestyle, also called sustainable living is a lifestyle that attempts to reduce an individual’s or society’s use of the Earth’s natural resource and his/her own resources. Practitioners of green lifestyle often attempt to reduce their carbon footprint by altering methods of transportation, energy consumption and diet. Proponents of green lifestyle aim to conduct their lives in manners that are consistent with sustainability, in natural balance and respectful of humanity’s symbiotic relationship with the Earth’s natural ecology and cycles. The practice and general philosophy of ecological living is highly interrelated with the overall principles of sustainable development.
Lester R. Brown, a prominent environmentalist and founder of the Worldwatch Institute and Earth Policy Institute, describes green lifestyle in the 21st century as “shifting to a renewable energy-based, reuse/recycle economy with a diversified transport system.”
Green lifestyle is fundamentally the application of sustainability to lifestyle choice and decisions. Sustainability itself is expressed as meeting present ecological, societal, and economical needs without compromising these factors for future generations. Green lifestyle can therefore be described as living within the innate carrying capacities defined by these factors.
Sustainable design and sustainable development are critical factors to Green lifestyle. Sustainable design encompasses the development of appropriate technology, which is a staple of green lifestyle practices. Sustainable development in turn is the use of these technologies in infrastructure. Sustainable architecture and agriculture are the most common examples of this practice.
There are a number of ways to reduce waste in sustainable living. One method is reducing paper waste, such as by taking action to cancel junk mail and move paper transactions to an online document. Another method to reduce waste is to buy in bulk, which reduces packaging materials. Preventing food waste is an alternative to organic waste compiling to create costly methane emissions. Food waste can be reintegrated into the environment through composting. Composting can be carried out at home or locally, with community composting. An additional example of how to reduce waste is being cognizant of not buying materials with limited use in excess, such as paint. Reduction aides in reducing the toxicity of waste if non-hazardous or less hazardous items are selected.
绿色生活(green lifestyle)指通过倡导居民使用绿色产品(green product)，倡导民众参与绿色志愿服务(voluntary service)，引导民众树立绿色增长、共建共享的理念，使绿色消费(green consumption)、绿色出行(green transport)、绿色居住(green livings)成为人们的自觉行动，让人们在充分享受绿色发展(green development)所带来的便利和舒适的同时，履行好应尽的可持续发展(sustainable development)责任的方法，实现广大人民按自然、环保(environmental protection)、节俭(economical)、健康的方式生活。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
We should advocate a Green Life and Sustainable Consumption among Women.
我们应当在妇女中倡导绿色生活与可持续性消费方式。
There is no denying the fact that more and more environment-friendly materials and clear energies will come into use in our daily life.
不可否认，越来越多的绿色环保材料和清洁能源将用于我们的日常生活中。
“We have a very special place in our heart.” says Lara Galinsky, a vice president of Echoing Green, “for young people, even in places like San Alfonso.”“绿色呼唤”的副主席莱拉・盖林斯基说：“我们每个人都想为生活在苦难中的孩子奉献上一份爱心，即使是那些生活在像桑阿方索这样地方的孩子们。”
Establishing production base of green food table-grape in Taihang Mountain can provide large amounts of safe and excellent green food table-grape, raise the living standard of the local peasants, and improve its ecological condition.
在太行山区建立绿色食品鲜食葡萄生产基地，可为市场提供大量食用安全、优质的新鲜葡萄，并可提高基地农民的生活水平，改善生态条件。
This paper introduces and analyzes three schools with different appearances and temperaments in Alps and points out that green architecture should not have skin characteristics just like a label, it may integrate natural conditions and design intentions to open out life and landscape in special spot and express green ideas with its own mode.
本文对阿尔卑斯山区三所外观与气质完全不同的学校建筑进行了评介与剖析，指出绿色建筑并非要具有某种标签化的表皮特征，它可以结合自然环境条件和建筑创作意图，展现特定地点的生活与景观，以自己的方式表达绿色理念。
It furnishes the setting for many recreational events, from picnics in the outdoor living area of a home to the tough turf of a football field or the “carpet like” putting green of a golf course. All these things are horticulture.
它还为许多娱乐活动装点景色，从住宅生活区的户外野炊地，到足球场上的耐寒草皮，再到高尔夫球场“绿色地毯”式的球穴区，所有这一切都离不开园艺。
At times, the moral conviction and worldview of the Green House appear as all-encompassing as a religious faith, and green House inmates live in the most environmentally “pious” way one could conceive of in the city.
绿色之家成员的道德信念以及对世界的看法有时好像宗教信仰一样左右着他们的一切，他们以在城市能想到的最虔诚的环保方式来生活。
That is to increase people’s awareness through TV media and the education of communities and schools, encourage them to take part in the activity of “transform trash into treasure and create a green homeland” so that the full utilization of solid reject can be put into practice in our daily life.
通过电视媒体、社区、学校等进行宣传，提高人们的思想认识，让人们自觉地参与到“变废为宝，创建绿色家园”的活动中来，把固体废弃物的充分利用落实到日常生活中。
Fresh and clean our air, let our lives swing green ripples.
家用空调清洗、净化室内空气，让我们的生活荡起绿色涟漪！
All theory, dear friend, is grey, but the precious tree of life is green.
亲爱的朋友，所有的理论都是灰色的，而宝贵的生活之树却是绿色的。
Therefore how to achieve the Green Revolution’s goal in the course of the enterprise operation and in people’s daily life, in other words, how to actualize the Green Consumption and Green Marketing, has become a historical mission to keep up economic growth and civilization progress.
如何在企业生产经营和人们的生活消费中贯彻和实施绿色革命的宗旨，即实现绿色消费和绿色营销，已经成为今天社会经济增长和文明进步的重大课题。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Elisabeth: Do you know what the main feature the Sydney Olympics is, John?
伊莉莎白：你知道悉尼奥运会还有一个什么特点吗？
Monica: Of course, I know.
莫妮卡：我当然知道。
Elisabeth: What?
伊莉莎白：什么特点？
Monica: Environmental protection.
莫妮卡：环保啊！
Elisabeth: Do you know when IOC put forward the issue of environmental protection?
伊莉莎白：你知道国际奥委会在哪一年提出环保课题的吗？
Monica: Sorry, I have no idea about it.
莫妮卡：抱歉，这我还真不知道。
Elisabeth: Let me tell you. At that time in 1991, Sydney put forward the slogan “environmental protection”, thus, it won the bid.
伊莉莎白：让我来告诉你。那是1991年，当时悉尼正是打出“环保牌”才赢得申办权。
Monica: What a nice memory! Oh, I know that Beijing and Sydney bid for the Olympic Games together.
莫妮卡：好记性！噢，我知道那时北京和悉尼一起参加申奥。
Elisabeth: Yeah, Sydney had five strategies: save energy, save water, reduce trash, prevent pollution, and protect the environment. They tried to host a “Green Olympics”.
伊莉莎白：不错，悉尼有五大战略，即：节能、节水、减少垃圾、防止污染与保护环境。他们要办一届“绿色奥运”。
Monica: They have racked their brain.
莫妮卡：他们可谓绞尽脑汁。
Elisabeth: Yes. Even the torch and fuel are produced by using environmental protection techniques and materials.
伊莉莎白：是的。就连火炬和燃料都采用环保技术与材料制成。
Monica: Even so, there was still much pity left. The Green and Peace Organization called it at most a half green.
莫妮卡：即使如此，还是留下了不少遗憾。绿色和平组织称其最多是半绿色。
Elisabeth: That’s been quite good. It’s the beginning after all. I’m sure that it will be better and better.
伊莉莎白：已经很不错了，毕竟是刚刚开始嘛。我相信以后会越来越好。
Balance of Nature自然平衡
自然平衡又称“生态平衡”。在自然界中，无论是森林、草原、湖泊……都是由动物、植物、微生物等生物成分和光、水、土壤、空气、温度等非生物成分所组成。每一个成分都并非是孤立存在的，而是相互联系、相互制约的。它们之间通过相互作用达到一个相对稳定的平衡状态，称为生态平衡。实际上也就是在生态系统中生产、消费、分解之间保持稳定。如果其中某一成分过于剧烈地发生改变，如大量繁殖，都可能出现一系列的连锁反应，使生态平衡遭到破坏。如果某种化学物质或某种化学元素过多地超过了自然状态下的正常含量，也会影响生态平衡。生态平衡是生物维持正常生长发育、生殖繁衍的根本条件，也是人类生存的基本条件。生态平衡遭到破坏，会使各类生物灭绝。
What is the balance of nature
什么是自然平衡
The balance of nature refers to the theory that ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium (homeostasis), which is to say that a small change in some particular parameter (the size of a particular population, for example) will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter back to its original “point of balance” with the rest of the system. It may apply where populations depend on each other, for example in predator/prey systems, or relationships between herbivores and their food source. It is also sometimes applied to the relationship between the Earth’s ecosystem, the composition of the atmosphere, and the world’s weather.
The Gaia hypothesis suggests that the Earth and its ecology may act as co-ordinate systems in order to maintain the balance of nature.
The concept has been criticized in recent times as being a pseudoscientific fallacy. It was first put into question when a substantial number of studies showed that predator/prey populations display a continuing state of disturbance and fluctuation rather than constancy and balance. It has been proposed by some scientists that ecological communities of plants and animals are inherently unstable, due to substantial idiosyncratic differences in behavior among communities and individuals in them. An aggressive, dominant wolf for example can greatly increase the chances of a pack in securing food, just as the death of a pack leader can lead to the pack’s mass starvation. It is reasoned that any apparent equilibrium is illusory because external factors (such as variations in weather patterns, fires, hurricanes or disease) seldom allow ecological communities to stabilize. Dr. George L. Jacobson Jr., a paleoecologist at the University of Maine stated that according to ancient rock sediments; “there is almost no circumstance one can find where something isn’t changing the system. It’s never allowed to ‘stabilize’, so we might as well not expect ‘balance’ to exist.”
In addition, some populations show chaotic behavior, where the sizes of populations change in a way that may appear random, but is in fact obeying deterministic laws based only on the relationship between a population and its food source. An example of this was shown in an eight year study on small Baltic Sea creatures such as plankton, which were isolated from the rest of the ocean. Each member of the food web was shown to take turns multiplying and declining, even though the scientists kept the outside conditions constant. An article in Journal Nature stated; “Advanced mathematical techniques proved the indisputable presence of chaos in this food web... short-term prediction is possible, but long-term prediction is not.”
Research into climate change has revealed a number of positive feedback mechanisms that could accelerate any global warming rather than reduce it. These include increased water vapor in the atmosphere (acting as a greenhouse gas); release of Carbon dioxide and methane from melting permafrost; and the decreased ability of warmed oceans to hold carbon dioxide. It is unclear whether negative feedback effects may counter these mechanisms.
Although some conservationist organizations argue that human activity is incompatible with a balanced ecosystem, there are numerous examples in history showing that several modern day habitats originate from human activity: some of Latin America’s rain forests owe their existence to humans planting and transplanting them, while the abundance of grazing animals in the Serengeti plain of Africa is thought by some ecologists to be partly due to human-set fires that created savanna habitats.
自然生态系统（natural ecosystem）具有维持自身相对平衡（relative balance）的能力。这种自动调节能力的大小与生态系统的成分（composition）、结构有关。不过，一个生态系统的自动调节能力（self-regulation capability）无论怎样强，也总有一定的限度，如果外来的干扰超过了这个限度，生态平衡就会遭到破坏。破坏自然生态平衡的因素，有自然因素(natural factor)和人为因素(human factor)两类。
自然因素主要指自然界发生的异常变化，或自然界本来就存在的对于人类和生物有害的因素，例如火山爆发(volcanic explosion)、山崩海啸(landslide and tsunami)、水旱灾害(flood and drought)、地震(earthquake)、台风(typhoon)和流行病(epidemic disease)等。人为因素主要指由于人类的活动，造成环境污染(environmental pollution)和自然环境(natural environment)被破坏。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.
这些泥土中含有保持该地区大自然平衡的物质。
Forces that can disturb this natural Balance are selection, mutation, gene flow, and natural selection. Certain gene-controlled traits are selected for or against by the partners involved.
能干扰这种自然平衡的外界因素有选择、突变、基因流动以及自然选择。某些受基因控制的性状为与之交配的异性个体所选择或不选择。
People often upset the natural balance by killing off many of the animals and destroying the lands.
人们经常因为杀死过多的动物和毁坏土地而破坏自然平衡。
Every animal has its place in the balance of nature.
在维持自然平衡中，每种动物都有其作用。
In the process, we must be careful about upsetting the balance of nature.
在此过程中，我们必须关注自然平衡的更新进程。
Did Walter equate the balance of nature with God?
沃尔特把自然的平衡和上帝划等号吗？
It is, he says, part of a world wide reaction against technology and an urge to find a better balance with nature.
他说这是在世界范围内逆反技术，并力求跟自然更好地保待一种平衡。
For one thing, law should be forced and observed to keep the balance of the nature by controlling commercial fishing.
首先，法律应该对商业捕鱼加强监督和管制，以保持自然平衡。
Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible revenge for it.
人类可以破坏自然的平衡，但自然会不时地施加可怕的报复。
Efforts are being intensified to prevent or control hazards caused by mice, insects and poisonous weeds, and to maintain the natural ecological balance of the grassland by utilizing scientific means, and artificial and biological technologies.
运用科学手段，采取人工和生物等技术，加大对鼠害、虫害、毒草的预防和治理，维护草地的自然生态平衡。
We should be careful of alteration of the nature in order to
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