作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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河北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年河北大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5×20)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and write the answer on the answer sheet.
1．The doctors don’t _____ that he will live much longer.
A. articulate
B. anticipate
C. manifest
D. monitor【答案】B【解析】句意：医生预言他活不了太长的时间。anticipate预期，预料，与句意相符。manifest显示，表明。articulate清晰地吐（字），清晰地发（音）。monitor监听，监视；监测。
2．I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite _____.
A. eligible
B. sustainable
C. probable
D. feasible【答案】D【解析】句意：我建议我们将计划付诸实施，因为它确实可行。feasible可行的，与句意相符。eligible有条件被选中的，有恰当资格的。sustainable可持续的，不破坏环境的。probable很有可能的。
3．The old gentleman was a very _____ looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.
A. respectful
B. respected
C. respective
D. respectable【答案】D【解析】句意：这位老绅士是位值得尊敬的人，他头发灰白，戴着金丝边眼镜。respectable可敬的，有身份的，值得尊敬的，与句意相符。respectful表示尊敬的。respected被尊敬的。respective各自的。
4．This book is expected to _____ the best-seller lists.
A. promote
B. prevail
C. dominate
D. exemplify【答案】C【解析】句意：该书有望在畅销书排行榜上出现。dominate支配，占优势。promote提高，提拔。prevail盛行、流行，在语义上容易与书的畅销联系起来，但该词主要指时尚、疾病等的流行，且该词是不及物动词。exemplify举例说明，是……的例证。
5．That part of the city has long been _____ for its street violence.
A. notorious
B. responsible
C. historical
D. illegal【答案】A【解析】句意：城市的这个地区一直因街头暴力臭名昭著。notorious臭名昭著的。responsible对……应负责的，有责任的。historical历史上的。illegal非法的。
6．Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat _____ by steam.
A. towed
B. pressed
C. tossed
D. propelled【答案】D【解析】句意：在老师的指导下，学生们在造一艘蒸汽模型船。propel推进，推动。tow（用绳索或链子）拖，拉。press按，压。toss扔，抛。
7．Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _____themselves.
A. expanding
B. stretching
C. prolonging
D. extending【答案】B【解析】句意：做完了上午的工作之后，职员们从桌后站起来伸懒腰。stretch伸展，拉长，拉紧。stretch oneself伸懒腰，为固定搭配，与句意相符。expand膨胀，扩大，扩张。prolong延长，拉长，拖延。extend延伸，延长。
8．England’s team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _____ themselves for last year’s defeat.
A. revive
B. retort
C. revenge
D. remedy【答案】C【解析】句意：英格兰队现在状态极佳，下周将会尽力一搏以报复去年输给的对手。revenge报复，为……报仇。revenge oneself on sb.向……报仇。revive（使）苏醒。retort反驳，回嘴。remedy补救，弥补。
9．If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to _____ away all the rocks.
A. haul
B. transfer
C. repel
D. dispose【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你想进入隧道，就必须把隧道前的所有岩石拖走。haul意为用力拖（拉）。repel逐退，驱逐。dispose安排，处理。snatch抢夺，攫取。
10．It took us only a few hours to _____ the paper off all four walls.
A. shear
B. scrape
C. stroke
D. chip【答案】B【解析】句意：我们只花了短短数小时就把四面墙上的纸都刮掉了。scrape刮，擦，与句意相符。shear剪（羊毛、头发等）。stroke抚摸。chip削（或凿）下（屑片或碎片）。
11．The famous scientist _____ his success to hard work.
A. imparted
B. granted
C. ascribed
D. acknowledged【答案】C【解析】句意：这位著名的科学家将自己的成功归功于勤奋。ascribe把……归因于，与句意相符。impart给予（尤为抽象事物），赋予。grant同意，授予。acknowledge承认；对……表示感谢。
12．It is difficult to _____ of a plan to end poverty.
A. speculate
B. conceive
C. ponder
D. reckon【答案】B【解析】句意：很难想出方案以消除贫困。conceive构想出，设想（与of连用），与句意相符。speculate推测，推断（与about/on连用)。ponder思索，考虑，沉思。reckon认为，估计。
13．Now the cheers and applause _____ in a single sustained roar.
A. mingled
B. concentrated
C. assembled
D. permeated【答案】A【解析】句意：此时此刻，欢呼声和掌声融合成了一阵持久不衰的鼎沸轰鸣之声。mingle混合，常与with连用。concentrate集中。assemble组装。permeate渗透。
14．Improved consumer confidence is _____ to an economic recovery.
A. crucial
B. subordinate
C. cumulative
D. satisfactory【答案】A【解析】句意：增强消费者的信心是经济复苏的关键。crucial决定的，至关重要的，与句意相符。subordinate下级的，级别低的；次要的，从属的。cumulative累积的，渐增的。satisfactory令人满意的。
15．Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in _____ and orderly fashion
A. incredible
B. intricate
C. internal
D. initial【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管人体由许多组织构成，但这些组织是以一种复杂而有序的方式排列的。intricate 意为错综复杂的，复杂精细的，如：an intricate instrument（复杂的仪器）。incredible难以置信的。internal意为内部的。initial最初的。
16．If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very _____.
A. waxy
B. slippery
C. sticky
D. greasy【答案】D【解析】句意：钻到车下修车，衣服上会沾上很多油污。greasy有油渍的，有油污的。waxy似蜡的；光滑的。slippery滑的。sticky黏性的，黏的。
17．The damage to his car was _____; therefore, he could repair it himself.
A. considerable
B. appreciable
C. negligible
D. invisible【答案】C【解析】句意：他的汽车受损很小，因此他可以自己修理。negligible微不足道的，极小的。considerable相当大的，相当多的。appreciable可觉察出的，明显的。invisible看不见的，无形的。
18．My sister is quite _____ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.
A. aggressive
B. enthusiastic
C. considerate
D. ambitious【答案】D【解析】句意：我的姐姐很有抱负，她计划一年之内考取文科硕士。ambitious雄心勃勃的，有野心的。aggressive有进取心的；侵略的，好斗的。enthusiastic热情的。considerate体贴的，考虑周到的。
19．The manager tried to wave aside these issues as _____ details that would be settled later.
A. versatile
B. trivial
C. preliminary
D. alternate【答案】B【解析】句意：经理试图把这些事情放在一边，认为它们不过是些无关紧要的细节，可以之后再处理。trivial不重要的，琐碎的，与句意相符。versatile多才多艺的。preliminary初步的，预备的。alternate交替的，轮流的。
20．His _____ was telling him that something was wrong.
A. intuition
B. hypothesis
C. inspiration
D. sentiment【答案】A【解析】句意：他的直觉告诉他，好像哪里不对劲。intuition直觉。hypothesis假设。inspiration灵感。sentiment情绪，情感；观点。
Part II Error Correction (10 points, 1×10)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet.【答案与解析】
1．had→has（时间状语now提示这里应用现在时，所以had改为has。）
2．directly→indirectly（句意：现在人类有能力离开地球，到达以前只是间接了解到的世界。）
3．into→onto/on（into表示到……内。on表示在……表面。我们常说地球表面，行星也一样，因此用on。）
4．too→so（so...as to太……以至于。）
5．planet→planets（other后跟不可数名词或可数名词复数。）
6．head→mind（keep...in mind固定搭配，记住。）
7．little→much（上段we must keep in mind the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project，说明将过多人口转移到月球上的项目将要花费几十亿美元。说明我们将投入巨资在太空探索项目上。）
8．consider→considering（considering在句首引导句子，意为考虑到……。）
9．they→they（money and resources在后面的定语从句中做主语，关系代词that指代的就是money and resources。因此不需要they。）
10．arriving→arriving at (或 reaching)（arrive为不及物动词。arrive at表示达成（协议）；作出（决议）；得出（结论）等。reach a conclusion表示得出结论。）
Part III Cloze (10 points, 0.5 X 20)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Most people would be 1 by the high quality of medicine 2 to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 3 to the individual, a 4 amount of advanced technical equipment, and 5 effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 6 in the courts if they 7 things badly.
But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 8 health care is organized and 9 . 10 to public belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not 11 the less fortunate and the elderly.
But even with this huge public part of the system, 12 this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 per cent of the U.S. budget—large numbers of Americans are left 13 . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 14 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.
The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control l5 the health system. There is no 16 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is 17 up.
Two-thirds of the population 18 covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 19 that the insurance company will pay the bill.
The rising cost of medicine in the U.S. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country’s health bill climbed 15.9 percent—about twice as fast as prices 20 general.
1．A. compressed
B. impressed
C. obsessed
D. repressed
2．A. available
B. attainable
C. achievable
D. amenable
3．A. extension
B. retention
C. attention
D. exertion
4．A. countless
B. titanic
C. broad
D. vast
5．A. intensive
B. absorbed
C. intense
D. concentrated
6．A. run into
B. come into
C. face
D. defy
7．A. treat
B. deal
C. maneuver
D. handle
8．A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
9．A. to finance
B. financed
C. the finance
D. to be financed
10．A. Contrary
B. Opposed
C. Averse
D. Objected
11．A. looking for
B. looking into
C. looking after
D. looking over
12．A. which
B. what
C. that
D. it
13．A. over
B. out
C. off
D. away
14．A. for
B. in
C. with
D. on
15．A. over
B. on
C. under
D. behind
16．A. boundary
B. restriction
C. confinement
D. limit
17．A. to pay
B. paying
C. to be paid
D. to have paid
18．A. is being
B. are
C. have been
D. is
19．A. knowing
B. to know
C. they know
D. known
20．A. in
B. with
C. on
D. for【答案与解析】
1．B impress给……留下深刻印象。由本句中的high quality可知这里的动词应是表示肯定意义的词。compress压缩。obsess迷住，该词太过夸张。repress压制(感情等)；镇压。
2．A be available to可供……利用，可获得的。
3．C 这里表示对个人的关心。attention注意，关心。extension 延长，延续；推迟。retention保留，保持。exertion努力，尽力；发挥，运用。
4．D vast巨大的。可以用来形容体积，数量，程度，及强度。近义词enormous。比如：vast amounts of investment巨额的投资。 countless无数的，修饰可数名词。titanic 巨大的，常形容体积。broad宽的，宽广的。
5．C intense与intensive都可表示强烈的，集中的。但两者意思上有差别。当用来描述人的感情或活动时，intense 通常指由内在倾向而来的力量或专心，它特别适于描写感情状态，如intense pleasure/dislike/loyalty。而intensive更常用于指行为的强度和程度是由外部强加的：intensive bombing强烈的爆炸，intensive training密集的训练。所以形容efforts时，用intense更为合适。
6．C 句意：如果医生和医院未恰当处理问题，就会被告上法庭，面临财务上的危机。face面临。run into遇到（问题、困难等）。come into进入。defy违逆，违抗。
7．D handle处理。treat治疗。deal表示处理时，必须与with连用。maneuver操纵。
8．A 定语从句先行词为the way时，关系代词用in which/that/省略。
9．B finance和organize是并列关系，用其过去分词形式。finance给…提供资金。
10．A be contrary to与……相反。oppose反对。averse不愿意的；反对的。object to反对。
11．C 句意：私人医疗并不是为那些没钱的人和老人服务的。look after照顾。
12．A Which引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰名词this huge public part of the system。非限定性定语从句不能用that修饰。
13．B leave out忽略，不考虑。
14．D limit一般与on搭配，表示对……的限制。
15．A control与over搭配，表示对……的控制。
16．D limit 指时、空、程度、量等方面的“限定”，其内涵是如果超出了这种限度就会受罚或遭到令人不快的后果。此外，这个词也常用来表示局限。There is no limit to...固定句型，表示对……没有限制。
17．A 动词不定式作表语。
18．B population指某国或某区域的人口总数时，谓语动词用单数形式。当指人口的一部分，即用百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。另外因为是一般事实，用一般现在时。
19．A 非谓语know与主语doctors是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。
20．A in general总的来说，一般来讲。
Part IV Reading comprehension (40 points)
Section A (30 points, 2×15))
Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best Choice. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Passage One
How should one read a book? In the first place, I want to emphasize the question mark at the end of my beginning sentence. Even if I could answer the question for myself, the answer would apply only to me and not to you. The only advice, indeed, that one person can give another about reading is to take no advice, to follow your own instincts, to use your own reason, to come to your own conclusion. If this is agreed between us, then I feel at liberty to put forward a few ideas and suggestions because you will not allow them to restrict that independence which is the most important quality that a reader can possess. After all, what laws can be laid down about books? The battle of Waterloo was certainly fought on a certain day; but is Hamlet a better play than Lear? Nobody can say. Each must decide that question of himself. To admit authorities. however heavily furred and gowned into our libraries and let them tell us how to read, what to read, what value to place upon what we read, is to destroy the spirit of freedom which is the breath of those sanctuaries. Everywhere else we may be bound by laws and conventions—there we have none.
But to enjoy freedom, if this old statement is pardonable, we have of course to control ourselves we must not waste our powers, helplessly and ignorantly. Spraying water around half the house in order to water a single rose-bush; we must train them, exactly and powerfully, here on the very spot. This, it may be, is one of the first difficulties that faces us in a library. What is “the very spot”? There may well seem to be nothing but a conglomeration and huddle of confusion. Poems and novels, histories and memoirs, dictionaries and blue-books; books written in all languages by men and women of all tempers, races, and ages jostle each other on the shelf. And outside the donkey brays, the women gossip at the pump, the colts gallop across the fields. Where are we to begin? How are we to bring order into this multitudinous chaos and get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?
1．Which of the following is true about the question raised at the beginning of the passage?
A. The author does have a universally correct answer to the question.
B. The author implies that she is not interested in the question.
C. The author thinks there may be different answers to the question.
D. The author wonders if there is any point in asking the question.
2．A good reader should, according to the author, be able to _____.
A. maintain his own viewpoints concerning reading
B. take advice from everybody instead of any one person
C. share his experiences ill reading with others
D. take the suggestions other people give him
3．In comparing Hamlet with Lear, the author means that _____.
A. Hamlet is better than Lear
B. Hamlet is no any better than Lear
C. Both plays are good works
D. There is no way to tell which is better
4．To the author, the advice in reading given by authorities is _____.
A. the most important for readers
B. unlikely to be helpful to readers
C. our guidance in choosing what to read
D. only useful in the libraries
5．What is “one of the first difficulties that face us in a library?” (Paragraph 2)
A. We may become too excited to be quiet in the library.
B. We do not make best use of the library books.
C. We may get totally lost as to what to choose to read.
D. We cannot concentrate on our reading in the library.【答案与解析】
1．C 由第一段第三句Even if I could answer the question for myself, the answer would apply only to me and not to you.可知，对于这个问题作者有自己的答案，但只适用于他本人，并不适用于别人。说明这个问题的答案因人而异。
2．A 由第一段第四句The only advice, indeed, that one person can give another about reading is to take no advice, to follow your own instincts, to use your own reason, to come to your own conclusion.可知作者认为阅读时不要听别人的建议，应跟随自己的直觉，运用自己的理性头脑，得出自己的结论。也就是说作者要有自己独立的见解。
3．D 由该句后面两句Nobody can say. Each must decide that question of himself.可知作者认为对于像“戏剧《哈姆雷特》是否比《李尔王》好”这种问题，个人心中自有答案，所以没法判断哪个更好。
4．B 由第一段倒数第二句可知，阅读时听官方建议只会毁掉自由的理念。说明作者对此持否定态度，所以A、D排除。D项“只在图书馆有用处”并未提到。
5．C 综合第二段内容可知，作者认为图书馆中书的种类过于繁多，以至于不知道Where are we to begin该怎么开始。说明作者认为在图书馆最大的困难是不知道读哪些书。
Passage Two
Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is “yes”, then you are extremely permissive. If your answer is “no”, then you are exercising your right as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as a censor yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong ease for censorship.
Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents’ responsibility to provide it. But what about adults? Aren’t they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but don’t make the mistake of thinking that all adults ate like you. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, censorship contributes to the common good.
Some people think that it is disgraceful that a censor should interfere with works of art. Who is this person, they say, to ban this great book or cut that great film? No one can set himself up as a superior being. But we must remember two things. Firstly, where genuine works of art are concerned, modern censors are extremely liberal in their view—Often far more liberal than a large section of the public.
Artistic merit is something which censors clearly recognize. And secondly, we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being “works of art”.
When discussing censorship, therefore, we should not confine our attention to great masterpieces, but should consider the vast numbers of publications and films which make up the bulk of the entertainment industry. When censorship laws are relaxed, immoral people are given a license to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”. There is an increasing tendency to equate artistic with “pornographic”. The vast market for pornography would rapidly be exploited.
One of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue in favor of absolute freedom is to argue in favor of anarchy.
Society would really be the poorer if it deprived itself of the wise counsel and the restraining influence which a censor provides.
6．Permissive parents would_____.
A. let their children read any books they like to
B. not let their children see any films they like to
C. not let their children read any books without first checking their contents
D. let their children see the films with their first checking
7．The fact that parents check the contents of the book or the film for their children to read or see shows _____.
A. the necessity of censorship
B. many books and films are bad
C. children need their parents to help them understand more
D. the parents are permissive
8．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Some adults can’t tell right from wrong.
B. Censorship is compared to the law because both of them perform good service to society as a whole.
C. Censors pay attention only to genuine works of art.
D. Censorship is necessary because many books, plays and films are far from being “works of art”.
9．What does the word “corrupt” (Line 5, Para 4) mean?
A. Make morally bad.
B. Hurt.
C. Injure.
D. Damage.
10．What would be the best title of this passage?
A. Permissive Parents and Responsible Parents.
B. Censorship and the law.
C. Censors Value Artistic Merits.
D. Censorship Performs Good Service to Society.【答案与解析】
6．A 文章第一段第四句指出，如果你的答案是“是的”，那你就是一个极度宽容的(纵容的)家长，再结合该段第二、三句的两个问题可知，A正确。
7．A 由第一段末句可知，父母检查孩子们读的书和看的电影的内容是因为there is a strong case for censorship，所以A正确。
8．C 由文章第三段可知，审查者并不只是关注真正的艺术作品，故选C。
9．A corrupt意为“使恶化，腐蚀”，结合本句中的关键词minds可知，只有A最符合句意。
10．D 文章以家长该不该审查子女阅读的书和观看的电影的内容这一问题引出论点——审查是必要的，并在接下来的内容中讨论了审查的必要性以及审查对社会的积极影响，所以D正确。
Passage Three
One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. As native as the royal family, they fled the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas sound the world.“The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoons（浣熊）now lives in Washington D.C., and moose（驼鹿）are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons（游隼）dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on pigeons.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s’ pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbia. In addition, conservationists have created urban wildlife refuges.
The Greater London Council last year spent $750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. As a result, pheasants now strut in the East End and badgers scuttle across lawns near the center of town. A colony of rare house martins nests on a window ledge beside Harrods, and one evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings. By 1970 the birds were extinct east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, ornithologist Tom Cede of Cornell University began rising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food and contained none of the peregrine’s natural predators.
“Before they were exterminated, some migrated to cities on their own because they bad run out of cliff space,” Cade says, “To peregrines, buildings are just like cliffs.” He has released about 30 birds since 1975 in New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Norfolk, and of the 20 pairs now living in the East, half are urbanites. “A few of the young ones have gotten into trouble by falling down chimneys and crashing into window-glass, but overall their adjustment has been successful.”
11．The first paragraph suggests that.
A. environment is crucial for wildlife
B. tour books are not always a reliable source of information
C. London is a city of fox
D. foxes are highly adaptable to environment
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]