致加西亚的信(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：(美)哈伯德

出版社：清华大学出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

致加西亚的信试读：

前言

阿尔伯特·哈伯德（Elbert Hubbaid, 1856—1915），美国著名作家和出版家。

哈伯德1856年6月19日出生于美国伊利诺州的布鲁明顿。他的父亲是一个乡村医师，同时又是农场主。哈伯德曾供职于巴夫洛公司，是一位成功的肥皂销售商。1892年，他放弃工作进入了哈佛大学学习。之后，他又辍学徒步在英国旅行。在英国期间，他结识了出版商威廉·莫瑞斯，由此对出版工作产生了兴趣。结束旅行回到美国后，他试图出版自传体小说《短暂的旅行》，但没有一家出版公司愿意出版。哈伯德决定成立一家出版公司出版自己的作品，于是罗依科罗斯特出版公司诞生了。

哈伯德是一位既高产又畅销的作家，同时还是一位经营天才，他的出版公司也因他的作品和经营而迅速发展。除此之外，他还创办了两本杂志《菲士利人》和《兄弟》，杂志上的许多文章都出自哈伯德之手。在写作、出版的同时，哈伯德还致力于公众演讲，他是一位出色的演讲家。1915年，他与妻子乘坐的路西塔尼亚号轮船遭遇德国水雷袭击而不幸遇难。

哈伯德既是一位畅销书作家又是一位成功的商人，同时他还留给世人不朽名篇——《致加西亚的信》。一百多年来，该书被翻译成了世界上几乎所有的文字，成为有史以来世界上最畅销的读物之一。该书还成为培养公务员、士兵和职员敬业守则的必读书，影响了一代又一代人的思想。在中国，《致加西亚的信》同样是最受广大读者欢迎的经典图书之一。目前，在国内数量众多的《致加西亚的信》书籍中；主要的出版形式有两种：一种是中文翻译版，另一种是中英文对照版。而其中的中英文对照读本比较受读者的欢迎，这主要是得益于中国人热衷于学习英文的大环境。从英文学习的角度来看，直接使用纯英文的学习资料更有利于英语学习。考虑到对英文内容背景的了解有助于英文阅读，使用中文导读应该是一种比较好的方式，也可以说是该类型书的第三种版本形式。采用中文导读而非中英文对照的方式进行编排，这样有利于国内读者摆脱对英文阅读依赖中文注释的习惯。基于以上原因，我们决定编译《致加西亚的信》，并采用中文导读英文版的形式出版。在中文导读中，我们尽力使其贴近原作的精髓，也尽可能保留原作的风格。我们希望能够编出为当代中国读者所喜爱的经典读本。读者在阅读英文故事之前，可以先阅读中文导读内容，这样有利于了解故事背景，从而加快阅读速度。我们相信，该经典著作的引进对加强当代中国读者，特别是青少年读者的人文修养是非常有帮助的。

本书主要内容由王勋、纪飞编译。参加本书故事素材搜集整理及编译工作的还有郑佳、刘乃亚、熊金玉、李丽秀、熊红华、王婷婷、孟宪行、胡国平、李晓红、贡东兴、陈楠、邵舒丽、冯洁、王业伟、徐鑫、王晓旭、周丽萍、熊建国、徐平国、肖洁、王小红等。限于我们的科学、人文素养和英语水平，书中难免会有不当之处，衷心希望读者朋友批评指正。

1913年版前言 Foreword For The Version In 1913

受此影响，我一口气写完了《致加西亚的信》，并将其刊登在《菲利士人》上。结果三月号《菲利士人》很快售罄，并且不断有订单要求加印三月号《菲利士人》。正是这篇关于加西亚的文章搅动了“宇宙尘埃”。

第二天纽约中心铁路局的乔治·丹尼尔斯发来一封电报，要求将那篇文章印刷十万册，结果丹尼尔斯以单行的方式前后数次印刷了五十万册。当时俄国的希拉克夫亲王正在访问美国，他将这本书带回了俄罗斯，让人将之翻译成俄文。之后这本书又流传至德、法、西、土耳其、印度和中国。在日俄战争期间，每一位俄国战士都有一本《致加西亚的信》，日本人在战俘的物品中发现了这本书。天皇命令将之翻译成日文，并发到每位官员和军人的手中，至今《致加西亚的信》已经印刷了四千多万册。阿尔伯特·哈伯德1913年12月1日

This literary trifle, A Message To Garcia, was written one evening after supper, in a single hour. It was on the 22nd of February 1899, Washington’ s Birthday: we were just going to press with the March Philistine.

The thing leaped hot from my heart, written after a trying day, when I had been endeavoring to train some rather delinquent villagers to abjure the comatose state and get radioactive.

The immediate suggestion, though, came from a little argument over the teacups, when my boy Bert suggested that Rowan was the real hero of the Cuban War. Rowan had gone alone and done the thing-carried the message to Garcia.

It came to me like a flash! Yes, the boy is right, the hero is the man who does his work-who carries the message to Garcia. I got up from the table, and wrote A Message To Garcia. I thought so little of it that we ran it in the Magazine without a heading. The edition went out, and soon orders began to come for extra copies of the March Philistine, a dozen, fifty, a hundred, and when the American News Company ordered a thousand, I asked one of my helpers which article it was that stirred up the cosmic dust. “It’s the stuff about Garcia,” he said.

The next day a telegram came from George H. Daniels, of the New York Central Railroad thus, “Give price on one hundred thousand Rowan article in pamphlet form-Empire State Express advertisement on back-also how soon can ship.”

I replied giving price, and stated we could supply the pamphlets in two years. Our facilities were small and a hundred thousand booklets looked like an awful undertaking.

The result was that I gave Mr. Daniels permission to reprint the article in his own way. He issued it in booklet form in editions of half a million. Two or three of these half-million lots were sent out by Mr. Daniels, and in addition the article was reprinted in over two hundred magazines and newspapers. It has been translated into all written languages.

At the time Mr. Daniels was distributing A Message To Garcia, Prince Hilakoff, Director of Russian Railways, was in this country. He was the guest of the New York Central, and made a tour of the country under the personal direction of Mr. Daniels. The Prince saw the little book and was interested in it, more because Mr. Daniels was putting it out in big numbers, probably, than otherwise.

In any event, when he got home he had the matter translated into Russian, and a copy of the booklet given to every railroad employee in Russia.

Other countries then took it up, and from Russia it passed into Germany, France, Spain, Turkey, Hindustan and China. During the war between Russia and Japan, every Russian soldier who went to the front was given a copy of A Message To Garcia. The Japanese, finding the booklets in the possessions of the Russian prisoners, concluded it must be a good thing, and accordingly translated it into Japanese.

And on an order of the Mikado, a copy was given to every man in the employ of the Japanese Government, soldier or civilian. Over forty million copies of A Message To Garcia have been printed. This is said to be a larger circulation than any other literary venture has ever attained during the lifetime of an author, in all history- thanks to a series of lucky accidents.Elbert HubbardDecember 1, 1913

致加西亚的信 A Message To Garcia

美西战争爆发后，美国必须尽快与古巴起义军的首领加西亚取得联系，并获得他的合作。但是加西亚在古巴的深山里，没有人知道他的确切地址。有人对麦金利总统说，一个叫罗文的人可以把信送给加西亚。于是他们找来罗文，给了他一封信，让他把信交给加西亚。

人们只知道罗文将信收好，去了古巴，至于他如何穿越这个国家和丛林，如何将信交给加西亚，没有必要详述。但是重点是，麦金利总统将信交给罗文之后，罗文并没有问加西亚在哪里。

这正是罗文的伟大之处，我们应该为他铸造一座青铜雕像立在全国各所大学里。年轻人需要的不只是书本上的知识和教诲，还要有敬业精神、责任感、果断和毅力——全心全意做好一件事，正如罗文把信交给加西亚一样。

古巴的加西亚将军已经去世，但是这个世界上还有许多的加西亚——企业经营者，他们所雇用的人往往敷衍了事，缺乏责任感。除非有人威逼利诱，又或者上帝创造了奇迹。

读者不妨做一个实验：假设您坐在办公室，要一位员工去百科全书中检索柯勒乔的生平，他是否会平静地回答您“是的”，然后就去办事呢？

无论如何，他都不会。他会问很多问题，诸如他是谁，查哪一本百科全书，百科全书在哪，为什么不让别人做这件事，他还在世吗等等；而在您回答这些问题之后，他会找另一位员工查，而后回来告诉您，根本找不到。

从概率上讲，这个实验诚如上面所描述的那样，当然也许会有例外。

当然如果您够聪明，就不会费心向您的助手解释，柯勒乔的资料在C字母下，而不是K字母；然后说没关系，之后自己去查。就是因为缺乏独立行动的能力，不愿意巩固和提高，这使得纯理论的社会主义的实现变得遥不可及。人们为了自己都不会努力，他又怎么会为公众利益奋斗呢！如果招聘一名速记员，他可能不会使用标点符号，并且他根本就不认为那是速记员应当具备的条件。我们不禁要怀疑这样的人能把信带给加西亚吗？

最近，有人对失业者和正在受到残酷压榨的人深表同情，同时将掌权者骂得体无完肤。但是没有人关注那些努力使饭桶变得有用的雇主。雇主遣走不能促进公司利益的人，同时吸纳员工。这就是适者生存的道理。为了自身利益，雇主只能保留那些好的员工——能够把信交给加西亚的人。

假如有一个很有才华的人，没有能力经营自己的生意；对于别人来说，也毫无价值，因为他总是认为老板在压榨他。他不能发号施令，也不甘心听别人的。如果派他去给加西亚送信，他的回答可能是你自己去吧。如今，这个人正在寻找工作，谁会雇佣他呢。

与其同情一个道德有缺陷的人，还不如去同情一个肢体有缺陷的人。我们应该同情那些努力经营企业的人，他们在下班之后仍在加班，努力约束那些懒散的人，没有他们，将有更多的人无家可归。

现在人们应该向成功者表示同情，他们在形势不利的情况下指导其他人工作并获得成功，可是并没有得到什么。

现代社会需要罗文，全世界都在呼唤把信送给加西亚的人。阿尔伯特·哈伯德1899年

ELBERT HUBBARD penned his classic essay, A Message to Garcia in one hour after a dinnertime discussion with his family. At dinner, Hubbard’s son, Bert, claimed that the true hero of a particular Spanish-American war battle was Rowan- a messenger who braved death by carrying a note behind the lines to Garcia, the leader of the insurgents.

The essay originally ran in Hubbard’s magazine, The Philistine, in February, 1899. Inspired by its message, George Daniels of the New York Central Railroad asked permission to reprint and distribute 500, 000 copies. Prince Hilakoff, Director of Russian Railways, read one of Daniel’s reprints and had it translated into Russian. A Message to Garcia was distributed to every one of his railroad employees.

The Russian military then picked up the ball: each Russian soldier sent to the Japanese front was given a copy. The Japanese found the essay in the possessions of the Russian prisoners and subsequently had it translated into Japanese. On an order of the Mikado, a copy was given to each member of the Japanese government.

Ultimately, forty million copies of A Message To Garcia were published.A Message To,-Garcia—by Elbert Hubbard

In all this Cuban business there is one man stands out on the horizon of my memory like Mars at perihelion.

When war broke out between Spain and the United State, it was very necessary to communicate quickly with the leader of the Insurgents. Garcia was somewhere in the mountain vastness of Cuba- no one knew where. No mail nor telegraph message could reach him. The President must secure his cooperation, and quickly. What to do!

Some one said to the President, “There’s a fellow by the name of Rowan who will find Garcia for you, if anybody can.”

Rowan was sent for and given a letter to be delivered to Garcia. How “the fellow by the name of Rowan” took the letter, sealed it up in an oil-skin pouch, strapped it over his heart, in four days landed by night off the coast of Cuba from an open boat, disappeared into the jungle, and in three weeks came out on the other side of the lsland, having traversed a hostile country on foot, and delivered his letter to Garcia-are things I have no special desire now to tell in detail. The point that I wish to make is this: McKinley gave Rowan a letter to be delivered to Garcia; Rowan took the letter and did not ask, “Where is he?”

By the Eternal! There is a man whose form should be cast in deathless bronze and the statue placed in every college of the land. It is not book-learning young men need, nor instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the vertebrae which will cause them to be loyal to a trust, to act promptly, to concentrate their energies: do the thing “Carry a message to Garcia!”

General Garcia is dead now, but there are other Garcias. No man who has endeavored to carry out an enterprise where many hands were needed, but has been wellnigh appalled at times by the imbecility of the average man- the inability or unwillingness to concentrate on a thing and do it.

Slipshod assistance, foolish inattention, dowdy indifference, and half-hearted work seem the rule; and no man succeeds, unless by hook or crook or threat he forces or bribes other men to assist him; or mayhap, God in His goodness performs a miracle, and sends him an Angel of Light for an assistant.

You, reader, put this matter to a test, You are sitting now in your office-six clerks are within call. Summon any one and make this request: “Please look in the encyclopedia and make a brief memorandum for me concerning the life of Correggio.” Will the clerk quietly say, “Yes, sir,”and go do the task?

On your life, he will not. He will look at you out of a fishy eye and ask one or more of the following questions:

Who was he?

Which encyclopedia?

Where is the encyclopedia?

Was I hired for that?

What’ s the matter with Charlie doing it?

Is he dead?

Is there any hurry?

Shant I bring you the book and let you look it up yourself ?

What do you want to know for?

And I will lay you ten to one that after you have answered the questions, and explained how to find the information, and why you want it, the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Correggioand then come back and tell you there is no such man. Of course I may lose my bet, but according to the Law of Average, I will not.

Now, if you are wise, you will not bother to explain to your “assistant” that Correggio is indexed under the C’s, not in the K’s, but you will smile very sweetly and say, “Never mind,” and go look it up yourself. And this incapacity for independent action, this moral stupidity, this infirmity of the will, this unwillingness to cheerfully catch hold and lift-these are the things that put pure Socialism so far into the future. If men will not act for themselves, what will they do when the benefit of their effort is for all? Advertise for a stenographer,and nine out of ten who apply can neither spell nor punctuateand do not think it necessary to.

Can such a one write a letter to Garcia?

“You see that bookkeeper,” said the foreman to me in a large factory. “Yes, what about him?” “Well, he’s a fine accountant, but if I’d send him up town on an errand, he might accomplish the errand all right, and on the other hand, might stop at four saloons on the way, and when he got to Main Street would forget what he had been sent for.” Can such a man be entrusted to carry a message to Garcia?

We have recently been hearing much maudlin sympathy expressed for the “downtrodden denizens of the sweatshop” and the “homeless wanderer searching for honest employment,” and with it all often go many hard words for the men in power.

Nothing is said about the employer who grows old before his time in a vain attempt to get frowsy never-do-wells to do intelligent work; and his long, patient striving after “help” that does nothing but loaf when his back is turned.”

In every store and factory there is a constant weedingout process going on. The employer is constantly sending away “help” that have shown their incapacity to further the interests of the business, and others are being taken on. No matter how good times are, this sorting continues: only, if times are hard and work is scarce, the sorting is done finer-but out and forever out the incompetent and unworthy go. It is the survival of the fittest. Self-interest prompts every employer to keep the best- those who can carry a message to Garcia.

I know one man of really brilliant parts who has not the ability to manage a business of his own, and yet who is absolutely worthless to any one else, because he carries with him constantly the insane suspicion that his employer is oppressing, or intending to oppress, him. He cannot give orders; and he will not receive them. Should a message be given him to take to Garcia, his answer would probably be, “Take it yourself !”

Tonight this man walks the streets looking for work, the wind whistling through his threadbare coat. No one who knows him dare employ him, for he is a regular firebrand of discontent.

Of course I know that one so morally deformed is no less to be pitied than a physical cripple; but in our pitying, let us drop a tear, too, for the men who are striving to carry on a great enterprise, whose working hours are not limited by the whistle, and whose hair is fast turning white through the struggle to hold in line dowdy indifference, slipshod imbecility, and the heartless ingratitude which, but for their enterprise, would be both hungry and homeless.

Have I put the matter too strongly? Possibly I have; but when all the world has gone a-slumming I wish to speak a word of sympathy for the man who succeeds- the man who, against great odds, has directed the efforts of others, and having succeeded, finds there’s nothing in it: nothing but bare board and clothes. I have carried a dinner pail and Worked for day’s wages, and I have also been an employer of labor, and I know there is something to be said on both sides.

There is no excellence, per se, in poverty; rags are no recommendation; and all employers are not rapacious and high-handed, any more than all poor men are virtuous. My heart goes out to the man who does his work when the “boss” is away, as well as when he is at home. And the man who, when given a letter for Garcia, quietly takes the missive, without asking any idiotic questions, and with no lurking intention of chucking it into the nearest sewer, or of doing aught else but deliver it, never gets “laid off” nor has to go on a strike for higher wages.

Civilization is one long anxious search for just such individuals. Anything such a man asks shall be granted. He is wanted in every city, town and village- in every office, shop, store and factory. The world cries out for such: he is needed and needed badly- the man who can “Carry a Message to Garcia.”Elbert Hubbard1899

我是如何把信送给加西亚的 How I Carried The Message To Garcia

美国与西班牙即将开战，美国需要知道西班牙军队在古巴岛上的情况，也需要与古巴的起义军合作。因此美国需要派人送信给加西亚将军。这个任务由我来完成。瓦格纳上校为我安排好了行程，告诉了我这个任务的重大意义。我乘坐的火车在午夜零点离开了华盛顿，之后我乘坐阿迪伦达克号，在船上我不和任何人接触。进入古巴海域后，我有些紧张，因为我身上有一封美国国务院写给牙买加官方的可以证明我身份的信，而西班牙人很有可能上船搜查，这样我将陷入困境。基于上述考虑我把信藏好，直到我下船。

到达牙买加后，我与古巴革命党的莱先生取得了联系。我是4月8日至9日离开华盛顿的，23日我收到指示，要尽快与加西亚将军联系。之后我上了一辆马车，车夫对我不予理睬，只是拼命地赶车。走了四英里，穿过一片密林，我又换了一辆车；和前一个车夫一样，第二个车夫也是拼命地赶车。热带雨林的景色很美，但是我的任务使我没有闲暇去欣赏这里美丽的景色。期间我们被一群人拦住，不过并没有发生什么事情。

一小时后我在一所房子前停下，革命党为我准备了晚饭。晚饭后一个叫赫瓦西奥·萨维奥的人带我和一行人上了一艘小船。于是我们向着目的地出发了。在海上航行随时有可能遇到西班牙驱逐舰，于是我们趁着夜色尽快航行。

第二天早晨我们果然遇上了一艘西班牙驱逐舰，尽管驱逐舰上的人让我们停下船，可是他们只是把我们的船当成普通的渔船，因此危险很快解除了。

下午四点钟的时候，赫瓦西奥开始收帆，并检查了所带的武器，这预示着我此次执行命令过程中真正严峻的时刻到了。我距离死亡和危险极近。

当清晨再度来临的时候，船员们已经开始往岸上搬东西了。我被送上了岸。我的第二段行程结束了。我们继续向前行走，来到了森林中。在这一天行程的终点，我们遇到了西班牙军队的逃兵。后来证实，这两个人是西班牙军队的间谍，而且差一点刺杀了我，幸好大家救了我。这两个人被哨兵击毙。

第二天我们备齐了马匹和马鞍，沿着山脊行进，路上遇到了老人与孩子，他们为我的到来欢呼。当晚我在亚拉宿营。

第二天早上，我们上了山，终于在一间小屋前停下，他们为我准备了晚饭。之后卡斯蒂略上校告诉我首长将在明天上午到达。

第二天早晨，里奥斯将军来了，他派了二百名骑兵护送我。这是一支训练有素的队伍，我们沿着山路行进。4月30日晚上，我到达了里奥布埃河；5月1日，经过了漫长艰辛的跋涉，我终于见到了加西亚将军。

将军为我介绍了自己的部下，我把美国的意图传递给他。加西亚和他的部下商量之后，决定派三名极为了解古巴情况的人随我回美国。他还告诉我古巴需要武器。在接下来的时间里，他们为我举行一次非正式的晚宴。我成功地把信送给了加西亚将军。

之后，我和新的同伴经历了同样惊险的过程返回了美国。我向上级作了汇报，我在迈尔斯将军的陪同下参加了一次内阁会议。会议结束时，麦金利总统向我表达了祝贺和感谢，感谢我把他的愿望传达给了加西亚将军。这件事对我来说是第一次，我不仅是完成了一次简单的任务，而且是完成了一个“不追究为什么”、只服从命令的军人应该完成的任务。

我把信送给了加西亚将军。—by Colonel Andrew Summers Rowan

(The man whom Elbert Hubbard immortalized by his famous MESSAGE TO GARCIA. )

“Let us both small and great push forward in this work, in this pursuit, if to our country, if to ourselves we would live dear.”—Horace

“Where,” asked President McKinley of Colonel Arthur Wagner, head of the Bureau of Military Intelligence, “where can I find a man who will carry a message to Garcia?”

The reply was prompt. “There is a young officer here in Washington; a lieutenant named Rowan, who will carry it for you !”

“Send him!” was the President’s order.

The United States faced a war with Spain. The President was anxious for information. He realized that success meant that the soldiers of the republic must co-operate with the insurgent forces of Cuba. He understood that it was essential to know how many Spanish troops there were on the island, their quality and condition, their morale, the character of their officers, especially those of the high command; the state of the roads in all seasons ; the sanitary situation in both the Spanish and insurgent armies and the country in general; how well both sides were armed and what the Cuban forces would need in order to harass the enemy while American battalions were being mobilized; the topography of the country and many other important facts. Some wonder that the command, “Send him!” was equally as prompt as the answer to his question respecting the individual who would carry the message to Garcia.

It was perhaps an hour later, at noon, when Colonel Wagner came to me to ask me to meet him at the Army and Navy Club for lunch at one o’clock. As we were eating,the colonel- who had, by the way, a reputation for being an inveterate joker- asked me: “When does the next boat leave for Jamaica?” Thinking he was making an effort to perpetrate one of his pleasantries, and determined to thwart him, if possible, I excused myself for a minute or so and when I had returned informed him that the “Adirondack,” of the Atlas Line, a British boat would sail from New York the next day at noon.

“Can you take that boat?” snapped the colonel.

Notwithstanding that I still believed the colonel was joking I replied in the affirmative.

“Then,” said my superior, “get ready to take it!”

“Young man,” he continued, “you have been selected by the President to communicate with- or rather, to carry a message to- General Garcia, who will be found somewhere in the eastern part of Cuba. Your problem will be to secure from him information of a military character, bring it down to date and arrange it on a working basis. Your message to him will be in the nature of a series of inquiries from the President. Written communication, further than is necessary to identify you, will be avoided. History has furnished us with the record of too many tragedies to warrant taking risks. Nathan Hale of the Continental Army, and Lieutenant Richey in the War with Mexico were both caught with dispatches; both were put to death and in the case of the latter the plans for Scott’s invasion of Vera Cruz was divulged to the enemy. There must be no failure on your part; there must be no errors made in this case.” By this time I was fully alive to the fact that Colonel Wagner Was not joking. “Means will be found,” he continued, “to identify you in Jamaica, where there is a Cuban junta. The rest depends on you. You require no further instructions than those I will now give you.” Which he did, they being essentially as outlined in the opening paragraphs. “You will need the afternoon for preparation. Quartermaster-General Humphreys will see that you are put ashore at Kingston. After that,

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