作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译（复语）历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译（复语）真题及详解
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
The genesis of a Chinese factory town is always the same: In the beginning nearly everybody is a construction worker. The booming economy means that work moves fast, and new industrial districts rise in distinct stages. Those early laborers are men who have migrated from rural villages, and immediately they’re joined by small entrepreneurs. These pioneers sell meat, fruit, and vegetables on informal stands, and later, when the first real stores appear, they stock construction materials.
After that cell phone companies set up shop: China Mobile, China Unicom. During these initial stages there’s rarely any sign of police. Government officials are prominently absent. It’s not until plants start production that you see many women. Assembly-line bosses prefer young female workers, who are believed to be more diligent and manageable. After the women appear, so do the clothes shops. In the early days garbage accumulates in the gutters; the government is never in a rush to institute basic services. Public buses don’t appear for months. Manholes remain open till the last instant, for fear that early settlers will steal the metal covers and sell them for scrap. (186 words)【参考译文】
在中国，工业区的形成总是千篇一律：刚开始，几乎所有人都是建筑工人，随着经济增长，工作节奏加快，紧随着经济阶段性的发展，产生了新型工业区。那些早期的工人来自农村，他们很快就与小商贩联合，在小摊上贩卖肉类、蔬菜、水果，之后，首批真正意义上的商店出现了，他们开始囤积建筑材料。
随后中国移动、联通各种手机公司开始开店。早期阶段，基本上看不到警察的身影，政府官员也极其缺少。直到大工业生产时代，因为采用流水线作业的老板觉得女工更勤劳且更易管理，更倾向雇佣女工，生产线上才出现更多女人。女工出现后，服装店也接踵而至。早期，政府根本不着急建立基础公用设施，垃圾都直接堆阴沟里，数月都没有公共汽车。下水井敞开着，为了防止早期的居民把金属井盖偷了当废品卖掉，所以不到万不得已是不会有井盖的。
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
Glaciers in Antarctica are melting faster and across a much wider area than previously thought, a development that threatens to raise sea levels worldwide and force millions of people to flee low-lying areas. Researchers once believed that the melting was limited to the Antarctic Peninsula, a narrow tongue of land pointing toward South America. But satellite data and automated weather stations now indicate it is more widespread. The melting also extends all the way down to what is called west Antarctica. By the end of the century, the accelerated melting could cause sea levels to climb by 3 to 5 feet-levels substantially higher than predicted by a major scientific group just two years ago. Making matters worse, the ice shelves that hold the glaciers back from the sea are also weakening.
For years, the continent at the bottom of the world seemed to be the only place on the planet not experiencing climate change. Previous research indicated that temperatures across much of Antarctica were staying the same or slightly cooling. The big surprise was exactly how much glaciers are melting in western Antarctica, a vast land mass on the Pacific Ocean side of the continent that is next to the South Pole and includes the Antarctic Peninsula. The glaciers are slipping into the sea faster because the floating ice shelf that would normally stop them—usually 650 to 980 feet thick—is melting. And the glaciers’ discharge is making a significant contribution to increasing sea levels.
Together, all the glaciers in west Antarctica are losing a total of around 114 billion tons per year because the melting is much greater than the new snowfall. That’s equivalent to the current mass loss from the whole of the Greenland ice sheet, New research found that melting glaciers will add at least 7 inches to the world’s sea level—and that’s if carbon dioxide pollution is quickly capped and then reduced. (319)【参考译文】
与以往见解不同，南极冰川正以更快的速度在大得多的范围内融化。这一变化将导致严重后果，使得世界范围内海平面上升，并迫使成千上万人背井离乡，逃离低海拔的地区。研究人员曾以为冰川融化只会局限于南极半岛这一片指向南美洲的小范围土地。但卫星提供的数据以及自动化气象站都表明这一现象已扩大：冰川一路融化，并且延伸至名为西南极的地区。到本世纪末，由于冰川融化速度加快，海平面可能上升三至五尺，这比两年前主流科学家们所预测的数值要高得多。冰架能使冰川不至于漂流于海上，可更糟的是，它们现在也面临着危机。
多年来，地球上没有经历气候变化的唯一地方似乎只有南极洲。早先的研究表明从南极经过的空气温度恒定，甚至稍低。西南极是一片紧挨南极，包括了南极半岛，位于南极洲濒临太平洋方向上的广阔陆地，但当你得知此片地域冰川消融的具体数目时，只会目瞪口呆。正常情况下，冰架通常有650到980尺厚，它们可以阻止冰川滑向海洋，但它们本身却在消融。而漂浮至海洋的冰川，成为了使海平面升高的重要原因。
由于消融量比新的降雪量高得多，每年从西南极流失的冰川，总计可达到114个十亿吨，这相当于丧失掉如今整个格陵兰冰床。新的研究发现，如果不迅速限制并减少二氧化碳污染物的排放，正在融化中的冰川会使地球海平面上升至少7英尺。
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
朋友们，21世纪第一个十年就要过去了,离世纪之初所制定的千年发展目标的实现日期也更近了。站在新的起点上，我们深觉任重而道远。新发和重发传染病的肆虐、传染病与非传染病的双重负担、健康不公平的广泛存在等等，都是我们亟需解决的难题。希望大家能以此为契机，努力学习卫生外交知识，掌握全球卫生及其治理的相关概念与手段，了解国际上发达国家和发展中国家在这一领域的经验，为我国制定全球卫生外交战略建言献策，为增进世界人民健康福祉而不懈努力。（212字）【参考译文】st
Dear friends, the first decade of 21 century will be gone, and we are nearer to the date of realizing our millennium development goals which we set up at the beginning of this century. At a new starting point, we still have a long way to go. There still are a lot of problems for us to solve: epidemic of new and reemerging infectious disease, the double burden from both infectious and non-infectious diseases, wide existence of inequality in health and so on. I hope that you can take this as an opportunity and try to study the related diplomatic knowledge about health, to master the related concepts of global health and the measures to manage it, and to learn the existing experience of the developed and developing countries in the fields, so as to make contributions to our country’s making diplomatic strategy of global health and to improve people’s health all around the world.
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
最后我听了一堂音乐课，应该说是欣赏了一堂音乐课。老师很活泼，这堂课先是播放了迈克尔·杰克逊的《我们同属一个世界》，这堂课的主题是让世界充满爱。我对音乐是门外汉，但是我边听边感到这是一堂艺术熏陶课，对孩子是艺术的熏陶，也可以说是堂美学（aesthetics）课。美学是什么？大概中学没开过这门课。中国研究美学有名的是朱光潜先生。美学从大的方面讲就是真善美，就是世界事物的真善美，这就是那首歌的真谛。因此听完课我就即席讲了一篇话，我说没有爱就没有教育，没有爱就没有一切。一堂音乐课让孩子们通过唱歌来懂得人世间的爱，懂得人世间的真善美。其次是人们的心底。孩子们都有心理活动，就是孩子们心底都有知、情、义。这就要求学生要有爱心，懂得爱父母、爱老师、爱家乡、爱祖国，人最起码的爱就是这些。（295字）【参考译文】
The last class I had, or more accurately, enjoyed, was a music lesson. Led by a lively teacher, it started with playing Michael Jackson’s “We Belong to One World”, with the theme of filling the world with love. Though a layman to music, as the class went on I gradually understand that it is like a class of art nurturing as well as aesthetics to the kids. Then, what is aesthetics about? Such a course has never being programmed in secondary school. Yet we have Mr. Zhu Guangqian, a prominent figure in this domain. In a broad sense, aesthetics is defined with truthfulness, benevolence and beauty in this world—precisely the essence of that song. Thus followed the class I remarked impromptu that education could not stand in the absence of love, and so were anything else under the sun. A mere music class has enlightened the children on love and truthfulness, benevolence and beauty of human world through chanting. Besides, it has a lot to do with the inner world of human being. Each child did cherish a spiritual world where understanding, affection and righteousness are available. All these call for their love towards their parents, teachers, native places as well as their motherland.
2012年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译（复语）真题及详解
招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学
科目名称：英汉互译(复语) (考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books, but they have a tenacious hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books, to experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals. Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.
As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected, sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They represent less than 5 percent of total annual sales of children’s books, several publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of adult books. Many print books are also bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card are lost on most 6-year-olds. (210)【参考译文】
电子书的兴起也许正在威胁实体书，但后者依然保有一个特别的读者群，即少年儿童。家长仍然希望子女读着传统图书长大，即使热衷于用Kindle、iPad、笔记本电脑或手机下载电子书的家长也是如此。他们坦诚采用了双重标准，希望自己的孩子生活在实体书的包围下，让子女在学习各种形状、颜色和动物的同时有实实在在翻书阅读的体验。家长表示更喜欢抱着孩子一起看实体书，因为高科技设备可能会分散孩子的注意力，而且如果沾到小宝宝的口水，纸质书也比平板电脑好清理。
成人阅读市场日益数字化，速度之快超过了出版商的预期。而面向8岁以下儿童电子读物的销售却没什么变化。据几家出版商估计，电子读物在儿童书籍年度总销量中的份额不到5%，而某些类别成人书籍的这一比例已超过25%。很多人买实体书也是为了送礼，毕竟6岁大的孩子大多并不喜欢亚马逊礼品卡。
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
Like most creatures on earth, humans come equipped with a circadian clock, a roughly 24-hour internal timer that keeps our sleep patterns in sync with our planet. At least until genetics, age and our personal habits get in the way. Even though the average adult needs eight hours of sleep per night, there are “short-sleepers,” who need far less, and morning people, who, research shows, often come from families of other morning people. Then there’s the rest of us, who rely on alarm clocks.
For those who fantasize about greeting the dawn, there is hope. Sleep experts say that with a little discipline (well, actually, a lot of discipline), most people can reset their circadian clocks. But it’s not as simple as forcing yourself to go to bed earlier (you can’t make a wide-awake brain sleep). It requires inducing a sort of jet lag without leaving your time zone. And sticking it out until your body clock resets itself. And then not resetting it again.
To start, move up your wake-up time by 20 minutes a day. If you regularly rise at 8 a.m., but really want to get moving at 6 a.m., set the alarm for 7：40 on Monday. The next day, set it for 7:20 and so on. Then, after you wake up, don’t linger in bed. Hit yourself with light. In theory, you’ll gradually get sleepy about 20 minutes earlier each night, and you can facilitate the transition by avoiding extra light exposure from computers or televisions as you near bedtime.
But recalibrating your inner clock requires more commitment than many people care to give. For some, it’s almost impossible. Very early risers and longtime night owls have a hard time ever changing. Night-shift workers also struggle because they don’t get the environmental and social cues that help adjust the circadian clock. (305)【参考译文】
和地球上大多数生物一样，人类也有生物钟。这个内置计时器大概以24小时为周期，负责调节我们的睡眠模式，使之与地球的节律同步。至少在不受遗传、年龄或个人生活习惯影响的情况下是这样的。普通成年人每晚需要8小时睡眠，但也有“短睡眠者”，他们只需要睡很短的时间。还有自然就会早起的人。研究显示，这样的人，其父母先人往往也能自然早起。除此之外，其他的人要早起就得靠闹钟了。
想要早起迎接黎明，还是有希望的。睡眠专家指出，经过一点训练（嗯，实际上需要很多训练），大多数人能调整自己的生物钟。但这不止是强迫自己早点上床那么简单（大脑很兴奋的时候，也睡不着）。这种训练需要人为制造时差感，但不必为此穿越时区。坚持训练，直到体内的生物钟调整到位，然后保持新的节律。
首先，每天把起床时间提前20分钟。如果一般在早上8点起床，而你希望提前到6点，星期一就把闹钟定在7点40，星期二定在7点20，依此类推。其次，每天醒来后，不赖床，要让自己暴露在光线下。从理论上讲，每天晚上你会比前一天提前20分钟感到睡意。为了增强效果，临睡前应该避免电脑、电视等发出的亮光。
但调整生物钟要下定决心，很多人觉得困难，有些人则根本做不到。起得很早的人和长期熬夜的人都很难改变作息规律。夜班工人改变起来也很吃力，因为他们接收不到调整生物钟所需的环境信号和社会信号。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]