作者：刘骋 蔡静 刘小芹
出版社：人民邮电出版社有限公司
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
电子与通信技术专业英语(第5版)试读：
前言
本书是由院校教师和电信行业技术人员联合编写的一本工学结合的专业英语教材，编者立足科学技术发展前沿，不断调整和更新教学内容，及时将当下电子与通信行业、企业的新科学、新技术、新工艺呈现给在校大学生。新版取材于国内外工程资料，全方位紧密结合专业知识，按照企业电子与通信技术人员的典型工作任务的流程和学生学习知识与技能的认知过程编排，可适应电子与通信技术不断更新的新情况，并可满足高等职业教育改革中工学结合、任务引领的需要。
本次修订新增了两个单元，分别介绍了专业英语阅读（翻译）知识与写作知识，可提高学生专业英语的阅读（翻译）与写作水平。新编教材体现了人才培养的层次性、知识结构的交融性和教学内容的实践性。
本书的特点主要体现在以下几个方面。（1）各章均采用问题导入式教学方法，部分课文采用案例式教学方法，让学生带着工作具体任务学习。力求做到学习内容的宽度和深度循序渐进，尽量简化长难句，图文并茂，让学生在较短时间内熟悉专业文章、工程资料和操作手册的英文表达，并积累一定数量的专业词汇，使学生能够更直观地了解所学内容与实物的联系，培养阅读和应用电子与通信技术原版资料的能力。（2）本书既保留了基础的电工电子专业知识，以及无线电波、电路图和方框图等基础知识，又介绍了现代通信、计算机和电子技术等新知识，以及近年来推广的光纤通信、移动通信、卫星通信、宽带通信、多媒体信息服务、卫星电话、ISDN技术、全球定位系统等先进技术。本书还加入了计算机视觉、计算机仿真、多媒体技术、人工智能、数字图像处理、人工神经网络、虚拟仪器、Wi-Fi、智能手机、物联网、遥感技术等电子与通信技术的相关内容，不仅强化了学生的英语水平，而且新增了工程实践知识，对于开阔学生的视野，帮助学生了解行业动态、培养学习兴趣起到了关键作用。（3）本书所选的英文材料全部来自英文原版资料，用词、句型、语法结构全部遵循英文使用习惯，有利于培养学生使用准确的英语表达方式的习惯，避免养成“自创”英语的不良习惯。（4）本书配有习题及多媒体课件，由来自以英语为母语的国家的外籍教师录制音频资料，供学生练习口语和正音，帮助学生大胆开口，强化专业英语听、说的能力。学生可利用课外时间随时练习，既能节省课堂时间，又可反复练习，为对外业务交流打下一定的基础。总之，根据语言学习的特点，本书力求以学生能应用所学知识为重点，在专业英语的教学上也力求做到培养应用型人才。
本书的Unit Ⅲ、Unit Ⅳ和APPENDIXⅠ由刘骋编写，UnitⅡ、UnitⅤ、Unit Ⅵ由蔡静编写，UnitⅠ和APPENDIX Ⅱ由刘小芹编写，全书由刘骋统稿审校。来自企业的刘文、张敬衡、杨新明、胡柏利、罗中平、唐小琦、蒋开勤、周凌等技术专家，以及来自澳大利亚的机电工程专家Mr. Bruce Skewes对本书进行了指导和帮助。本书获评“十二五”职业教育国家规划教材，相关专家学者也对本书的修订给予了高度认可，并提出了宝贵的修订建议，本书编者团队在此一并致谢！
由于编者水平有限，时间仓促，加上形势的发展也在不断提出新的要求，书中难免有不足和欠妥之处，敬请读者批评指正。编者2018年11月Unit Ⅰ Basic Knowledge of Electronics电子技术基础知识
本章的内容全部是学生熟悉的电子技术的基础知识，包括对电子元器件的一般介绍，电流和电压的引入，对电阻、电容、电感、二极管和三极管的具体分析，对直流电和交流电、电路图和方框图的介绍等。目的是将学生过去已有的普通英语和专业技术基础知识有机地结合，在理解的基础上掌握工程英语常用表达方式、典型句型和专业术语，建立工程英语概念，为深入学习电子信息技术专业英语打下基础。Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic Components
There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components. It is important that you can recognize the more common components and understand what they actually do. A number of these components are drawn below, and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component.Resistors
Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for example, a resistor is placed in series with a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) to limit the current passing through the LED. Fig.1-1 shows resistor example and circuit symbol.Fig.1-1 Resistor Example and Circuit Symbol
Resistors may be connected either way round. They are not damaged by heat when soldering.Capacitors
Capacitors store electric charge. They are often used in filter circuits because capacitors easily pass AC (changing) signals but they block DC (constant) signals. Fig.1-2 shows capacitor examples and circuit symbol.Fig.1-2 Capacitor Examples and Circuit SymbolInductor
An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. An inductor is a coil of wire with many windings, often wound around a core made of a magnetic material,like iron. Fig.1-3 shows inductor examples and circuit symbol.Fig.1-3 Inductor Examples and Circuit SymbolDiodes
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early diodes were actually called valves. Fig.1-4 shows diode examples and circuit symbol.Fig.1-4 Diode Examples and Circuit SymbolTransistors
There are two types of standard transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit symbols. The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor. Fig.1-5 shows transistor examples and circuit symbols.Fig.1-5 Transistor Examples and Circuit SymbolsIntegrated Circuits (Chips)
Integrated Circuits are usually called ICs or Chips. They are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor (silicon). The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with pins spaced on a 0.1"(2.54 mm) grid which will fit the holes on stripboards and breadboards. Very fine wires inside the package link the chip to the pins. Fig.1-6 shows integrated circuits example.Fig.1-6 Integrated Circuits ExampleLight Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.
LEDs must be connected the correct way round, and the diagram may be labelled “a” or “+” for anode and “k” or “-” for cathode (yes, it really is “k”, not “c”, for cathode!). The cathode is the short lead and there may be a slight flat on the body of round LEDs. Fig.1-7 shows LED example and circuit symbol.Fig.1-7 LED Example and Circuit SymbolOther Electronic Components
Fig.1-8 shows other electronic component examples and circuit symbols.Fig.1-8 Other Electronic Component Examples and Circuit SymbolsNew Words
electronic [iˌlek'trɔnik] adj. 电子的，电子仪器的
electronics [iˌlek'trɔniks] n. 电子学，电学，电子工业
component [kəm'pəunənt] n. & adj. 成分，元件；组成的，构成的
symbol ['simbl] n. 符号，标志，象征
resistor [ri'zistə] n. 电阻器
restrict [ri'strikt] vt. 限制，约束，限定
current ['kʌrənt] n. 电流
series ['siəri:z] n. 连续，系列，丛书，级数
capacitor [kə'pæsitə] n. 电容器
charge [tʃɑ:ʤ] n. 电荷
inductor [in'dʌktə] n. 感应器，电感
magnetic [mæɡ'netik] adj. 磁的，有磁性的，有吸引力的
field ['fi:ld] n. 场
diode ['daiəud] n. 二极管
valve [vælv] n. 电子管，真空管
transistor [træn'sistə] n. 晶体管
integrated ['intiɡreitid] adj. 综合的，完整的
circuit ['sə:kit] n. 电路
chip [tʃip] n. 芯片
semiconductor [ˌsemikən'dɔktə] n. 半导体
silicon ['silikən] n. 硅，硅元素
anode ['ænəud] n. 阳极，正极
cathode ['kæθəud] n. 阴极
microphone ['maikrəfəun] n. 扩音器，麦克风
speaker ['spi:kə] n. 扬声器，喇叭
fuse [fju:z] n. 保险丝，熔丝
filament ['filəmənt] n. 细丝，灯丝
motor ['məutə] n. 发动机，电动机
solenoid ['səulənɔid] n. 螺线管
switch [switʃ] n. & vt. 开关；转换Phrases and Expressions
light-emitting diode 发光二极管
AC (Alternating Current) 交流电
DC (Direct Current) 直流电Notes
1. There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components.
译文：这些符号代表了绝大多数的电子元件。
2. It is important that you can recognize the more common components and understand what they actually do.
译文：能够识别更多的普通元件，以及了解它们的实际用途是很重要的。
3. A number of these components are drawn below, and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component.
译文：下面画出了许多电子元件，有趣的是，一种类型的元件常常可以用多种符号表示。
4. They are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor (silicon). The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with pins spaced on a 0.1"(2.54 mm) grid which will fit the holes on stripboards and breadboards.
译文：它们是固化在微小的半导体（硅）芯片上的复杂电路。该芯片被封装在一个塑料固定物上，引脚间距为0.1英寸（2.54 mm），适合条形板和面包板的孔距。Exercises
1. Write T (True) or F (False) beside the following statements about the text.
a. One symbol represents a type of component.
b. Resistors are damaged by heat when soldering.
c. Capacitors are not often used in filter circuits.
d. Both capacitor and inductor are passive electronic component.
e. Inductor stores electric charge.
f. Diodes allow electricity to flow either one direction.
g. Diodes are also called valves.
h. The symbol of NPN and PNP transistors is same.
i. ICs are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor.
j. LEDs is one type of diodes.
2. Match the following terms to appropriate definition or expression.a. AC1. A tiny “chip” containing many individual circuits which work together to perform a function.b. DC2. A material that is neither a conductor nor an insulator.c. 3. The direction of current is constant.semiconductord. IC4. A portion of space surrounding a body in which the forces due to the body can be detected.e. field5. It changes polarity periodically.
3. Fill in the missing words according to the text.
a. In the common components, _____ may be connected either way round.
b. _____ is a passive electronic component that stores electric charge.
c. Inductors store energy in the form of _____.
d. Diodes allow electricity to flow in _____ direction.
e. The _____ of the LEDs is the short lead and there may be a slight flat on the body of round LEDs.
4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
a. Modern advances in the fields of computer, control system, communications have a close relationship with electronics.
b. The field of electronics includes the electron tube, transistor, integrated circuit and so on.
c. Although resistors, capacitors and inductors form important elements in electronic circuit, it is essential to know something about resistance, capacitance and inductance.
d. Electronic technology is developing rapidly in the world. And electronics industry is equipped to make yet another giant step forward.Chinese Translation of Texts（参考译文）第1课 认识电子元件
这些符号代表了绝大多数的电子元件。能够识别更多的普通元件，以及了解它们的实际用途是很重要的。下面画出了一些电子元件，有趣的是，一种类型的元件常常可以用多种符号表示。电阻
电阻阻碍电流的流动，例如，一个电阻与一个发光二极管LED串联来限制流过LED的电流。图1-1为电阻实物图和电路符号。电阻可以连接在任一回路中。它们不会因焊接高温而损坏。电容
电容存储电荷。因为电容使交流信号容易通过而阻隔直流信号，所以它们经常被用在滤波电路中。图1-2为电容实物图和电路符号。电感
电感是一个无源电子元件，它以磁场的形式存储能量。电感是一个被电线缠绕了许多圈的线圈，经常缠绕在像铁这样的磁材料的磁芯上。图1-3为电感实物图和电路符号。二极管
二极管允许电流仅从一个方向流过。电路符号的箭头指示了电流能流过的方向。二极管是真空管的电子版，实际上，早期的二极管就叫真空管。图1-4为二极管实物图和电路符号。晶体管
标准的晶体管有两种类型，NPN型和PNP型，它们的电路符号不同。字母表示制造晶体管的半导体材料。图1-5为晶体管实物图和电路符号。集成电路（芯片）
集成电路通常被称为IC或芯片。它们是固化在微小的半导体（硅）芯片上的复杂电路。该芯片被封装在一个塑料固定物上，引脚间距为0.1英寸（2.54 mm），适合条形板和面包板的孔距。在封装里面用非常纤细的导线连接芯片的引脚。图1-6为集成电路实物图。发光二极管（LEDs）
当电流流过LEDs时，它发出光。
LEDs必须连接正确的回路，电路图中可以标“a”或者“+”表示阳极，标“k”或者“-”表示阴极。阴极是短的引脚并且在LEDs圆形体内可能是微小扁平的那端。图1-7为LED实物图和电路符号。其他的电子元件
图1-8为其他电子元件的实物图和电路符号。
可变电阻器、蜂鸣器（麦克风）、扬声器、保险丝、灯泡/灯丝、电动机、螺线管、开关。Lesson 2 Current, Voltage and Resistance
The flow of electrons through a conductor is called a current. Current flow is represented by the letter symbol I. The basic unit in which current is measured is the ampere (A). One ampere of current is defined as the movement of one coulomb (6.28×10 electrons) past 18any point of a conductor during one second of time.
When it is desirable to express a magnitude of current smaller than the ampere, the milliampere(mA) and the microampere (μA) units are used. One milliampere is equivalent to one-thousandth (0.001) of an ampere, and one microampere is equivalent to one-millionth (0.000001) of an ampere.
The term voltage (represented by the letter symbol U) is commonly used to indicate both a difference in potential and an electromotive force. The unit in which voltage is measured is the volt. One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one ampere to pass through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm.
A magnitude of voltage less than one volt is expressed in terms of millivolts (mV) or microvolts(μV). Larger magnitudes of voltage are expressed in kilovolts (kV). One kilovolt equals one thousand volts.
The opposition to current is called electrical resistance and is represented by the letter symbol R.The unit of resistance is the ohm, a term that is often expressed by using Ω. One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the current in a conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt. Larger amounts of resistance are commonly expressed in kiloohm (kΩ) and in megohm (MΩ).
The relationship between volts, amperes, and ohms can be represented by “Ohm’s Law”. “Ohm’s Law” states that the ratio of the voltage between the ends of a wire and the current flowing in it is equal to the resistance of the wire. Now we can say that when a given voltage is applied across the ends of the wire, an electric current always flows along it, and the value of this current depends on the resistance of wire (as shown in Fig.2-1).Fig.2-1 Current, Voltageand ResistanceNew Words
conductor [kən'dʌktə] n. 导体，导线
ampere ['æmpɛə] n. 安培
coulomb ['ku:lɔm] n. 库仑
magnitude ['mægnitju:d] n. 大小，数量，巨大，广大
equivalent [i'kwivələnt] adj. 相等的，相同的，等量的
volt [vəult] n. 伏特Phrases and Expressions
electromotive force 电动势
electric current 电流Notes
1. The flow of electrons through a conductor is called a current.
译文：通过导体的电子流称为电流。
2. The basic unit in which current is measured is the ampere (A).
译文：度量电流的基本单位是安培。
句中in which current is measured是定语从句，修饰unit。
3. to be defined as“给……下定义为”，后可接名词或宾语从句，如课文中第一段。
4. When it is desirable to express a magnitude of current smaller than the ampere, the milliampere(mA) and the microampere (μA) units are used.
译文：当需要表示比安培小的电流量时，可用毫安（mA）和微安（μA）。
it是形式主语，不定式to express a magnitude of current smaller than the ampere充当真正的主语。
5. One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one ampere to pass through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm.
译文：使1安培电流流过电阻为1欧姆的导体所需的电动势定义为1伏特。（1）过去分词required，充当后置定语，修饰electromotive force。（2）having a resistance of one ohm 是现在分词短语，充当后置定语，修饰conductor。
6. The unit of resistance is the ohm, a term that is often expressed by using Ω.
译文：电阻的单位是欧姆，常用Ω表示。
a term…为ohm的同位语，其中that is often expressed by using Ω是定语从句，修饰term。
7. One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the current in a conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt.
译文：1欧姆的定义是，当加到导体上的电压为1伏特时，将导体中的电流限制为1安培所需的电阻值。
that引导定语从句，修饰amount of resistance，其中when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt是时间状语从句。
8. The relationship between volts, amperes, and ohms can be represented by “Ohm’s Law”.
译文：伏特、安培和欧姆之间的关系可用欧姆定律表示。
欧姆定律，即电阻等于电压除以电流，R=U/I（U=IR或I=U/R）。Exercises
1. Write T (True) or F (False) beside the following statements about the text.
a. Current flow is represented by the letter symbol I.
b. One milliampere is equivalent to one-thousandth (0.001) of an ampere, and one microampere is equivalent to one-billionth (0.000000001) of an ampere.
c. The term voltage is commonly used to indicate a difference in potential but electromotive force is not.
d. One kilovolt equals one thousand volts.
e. The opposition to current is called electrical resistance.
f. Larger amounts of resistance are commonly expressed in kiloohm (kΩ) and in megohm (MΩ).
g. The flow of electrons through a conductor is called a resistance.
h. One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one ampere to pass through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm.
2. Match the following terms to appropriate definition or expression.a. current1. electromotive forceb. amp2. the relationship between volts, amperes, and ohmsc. voltage3. the flow of electronsd. ohm4. the unit of resistancee. Ohm’s Law5. the unit in which current is measured
3. Fill in the missing words according to the text.
a. One ampere of current is defined as the movement of _____ 18coulomb (6.28×10 electrons) past any point of a conductor during _____ second of time.
b. One milliampere is equivalent to _____ (0.001) of an ampere, and one microampere is equivalent to _____ (0.000001) of an ampere.
c. One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one to pass through a conductor having a _____ of one ohm.
d. One ohm is defined as that amount of _____ that will limit the current in a conductor is one ampere when the _____ applied to the conductor is one volt.
4. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Potential
The unit for potential difference, or electromotive force, is the volt. The abbreviation, or symbol,for this unit is V. Voltage is expressed in volts. Recall that one volt equals the amount of electromotive force (emf) that moves a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm.Current
The unit of measure for current flow is the ampere. The abbreviation, or symbol, for this basic unit of measure is A. Remember that one ampere equals an electron flow of one coulomb per second past a given point.Resistance
Resistance is another electrical parameter that two letter: “R” represents the general term resistance and the Greek letter omega (Ω) represents the unit of resistance, the ohm. Remember that one ohm equals the resistance that limits the current to one ampere with one volt applied.Conductance
Another electrical parameter is conductance. Conductance is the opposite of resistance. The unit of conductance is the siemens (S) named after the scientist Ernst Siemens. The abbreviation for the general term conductance is G.
5. Translate the following sentences into English.
a. 电压的单位是伏特，用符号V表示。
b. 电流的单位是安培，用符号A表示。
c. 1伏特的电压施加在导体上产生了1安培的电流，此时电阻为1欧姆。
d. 欧姆定律表示了电流、电压、电阻之间的关系。Chinese Translation of Texts（参考译文）第2课 电流、电压和电阻
通过导体的电子流称为电流。电流用字母符号I表示。度量电流的基本单位是安培。1安培电流的定义是，在1秒钟内有1库仑（6.28×810个电子）的电量通过导体的任何一点时的电流为1安培。
当需要表示比安培小的电流量时，可用毫安（mA）和微安（μA）。1毫安等于0.001安培，1微安等于0.000001安培。
电压这个术语（用字母符号V表示）常用来表示电位差和电动势。度量电压的单位是伏特。使1安培电流流过电阻为1欧姆的导体所需的电动势定义为1伏特。
小于1 V的电压值用毫伏（mV）或微伏（μV）表示。较高的电压值可用千伏（kV）表示。1 kV等于1000 V。
对电流的阻力叫作电阻，用字母符号R表示。电阻的单位是欧姆，常用Ω表示。1欧姆的定义是，当加到导体上的电压为1伏特时，将导体中的电流限制为1安培所需的电阻值。较大的电阻值常用千欧（kΩ）和兆欧（MΩ）表示。
伏特、安培和欧姆之间的关系可用欧姆定律表示。欧姆定律描述为，导线两端电压与流过导线的电流的比是导线的电阻。现在我们可说，当在导线两端施加一给定电压时，导线中总是有电流，电流的值取决于导线的电阻（见图2-1）。Lesson 3 AC, DC and Electrical SignalsAlternating Current (AC)
Alternating Current (AC) flows one way, then the other way, continually reversing direction (as shown in Fig.3-1 and Fig.3-2). An AC voltage is continually changing between positive (+) and negative(-). The rate of changing direction is called the frequency of the AC, and it is measured in hertz (Hz) which is the number of forwards-backwards cycles per second.
An AC supply is suitable for powering some devices such as lamps and heaters, but almost all electronic circuits require a steady DC supply.Fig.3-1 AC from a Power Supply: This shape is called a sine waveFig.3-2 This triangular signal is AC because it changes between positive (+) and negative (-)Direct Current (DC)
Direct Current (DC) always flows in the same direction, but it may increase and decrease.A DC voltage is always positive (or always negative), but it may increase and decrease.Electronic circuits normally require a steady DC supply which is constant at one value (as shown in Fig.3-3). Cells, batteries and regulated power supplies provide steady DC which is ideal for electronic circuits. Lamps, heaters and motors will work with any DC supply.Fig.3-3 Steady DC: from a battery or regulated powersupply, this is ideal for electronic circuitsProperties of Electrical Signals
An electrical signal is a voltage or current which conveys information, usually it means a voltage.The term can be used for any voltage or current in a circuit.
The voltage-time graph on the Fig.3-4 shows various properties of an electrical signal. In addition to the properties labeled on the graph, there is frequency which is the number of cycles per second. The diagram shows a sine wave but these properties apply to any signal with a constant shape.Fig.3-4 Various Properties of anElectrical Signals
Amplitude is the maximum voltage reached by the signal. It is measured in volts, V.
Peak voltage is another name for amplitude.
Peak-peak voltage is twice the peak voltage (amplitude). When reading an oscilloscope trace, it is usual to measure peak-peak voltage.
Time period is the time taken for the signal to complete one cycle. It is measured in seconds (s), but time periods tend to be short, so milliseconds (ms) and microseconds (µs) are often used. 1 ms=0.001s and 1 µs=0.000001 s.
Frequency is the number of cycles per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), but frequencies tend to be high, so kilohertz (kHz) and megahertz (MHz) are often used. 1 kHz=1000 Hz and 1 MHz=1000000 Hz.Frequency=1/time period, and time period= 1/frequency.
Another value used is the effective value of AC. This is the value of alternating voltage or current that will have the same effect on a resistance as a comparable value of direct voltage or current will have on the same resistance.New Words
positive ['pɔzətiv] adj. 正的
frequency ['fri:kwənsi] n. 频率
measure ['meʒə] v. & n. 测量
device [di'vais] n. 装置，设备
label ['leibl] n. & v. 标签；贴标签于……
amplitude ['æmplitju:d] n. 振幅
period ['pɪərɪəd] n. 时期，周期
oscilloscope [ɔ'siləskəup] n. 示波器
millisecond ['milisekənd] n. 毫秒
microsecond ['maikrəusekənd] n. 微秒Phrases and Expressions
Alternating Current 交流电
Direct Current 直流电
power supply 电源
electronic circuit 电子电路
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