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湖南大学外国语与国际教育学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年湖南大学351英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、英汉词条互译
1．三个代表【答案】three representatives
2．与时俱进【答案】pace up with the times
3．自主创新能力【答案】capability of independent innovation
4．以德治国【答案】rule the country with virtue
5．科学发展观【答案】scientific outlook on development
6．房奴【答案】mortgage slave
7．“三农”问题【答案】issues on agriculture, rural areas, farmers
8．传销【答案】pyramid marketing
9．服务型政府【答案】service-oriented government
10．经济适用房【答案】economical affordable house
11．以人为本【答案】people-oriented
12．次贷危机【答案】subprime crisis
13．廉政建设【答案】the construction of a honest and clean administration
14．精神文明【答案】spiritual civilization
15．中部崛起【答案】the rise of central China
16．Normalization of diplomatic relations【答案】外交关系正常化
17．Labor dispute【答案】劳动争议；劳资纠纷
18．Irrenewable energy【答案】不可再生能源
19．Wealth gap【答案】贫富差距
20．Cyberterrorism【答案】网络恐怖主义
21．Bubble economy【答案】泡沫经济
22．Greenhouse gases【答案】温室气体
23．Think tank【答案】智囊团
24．Intellectual property rights【答案】知识产权
25．Oil-for-food program【答案】石油换粮食计划
26．Anthrax【答案】炭疽
27．Pacific Rim【答案】环太平洋地区
28．Soft landing【答案】软着陆
29．The carrot and the stick【答案】软硬兼施
30．Multilateral negotiation【答案】多边协商
二、篇章翻译
Section A English to Chinese
Lawrence lived his relatively short life during a period of social and political upheaval . His experience as a student and a teacher would not have been possible had the Education Act of 1870 not established compulsory elementary schools for children of back grounds like his. The industrialism he hated, particularly the large-scale coal mining in areas like Notting hamshire, with the accompanying blight of surrounding countryside, was reaching a peak during his childhood and early manhood.
World War I was a shock, followed by disillusionment , to many educated Europeans, who had believed that material progress, equated with the advance of civilization, had banished war forever. Lawrence had never shared the near universal faith in material progress. His horror of the war, for reasons more personal, proved socially and politically prophetic — he saw the war as the beginning of the conformism , the assault on authentic individualism that has in fact characterized the twentieth century.
Because Lawrence spent years in Italy during the fascist period, and because his “dream of leadership” often emerged in authoritarian statements or the invention of authoritarian figures , one of the many strands of adverse criticism woven around him during his life was a charge that he had fascist leanings. The charge is absurd, as insight into the essential core of the man — his hatred of conformism, insistence on singular passional being — reveals. However, it is true that Lawrence, like many artists who believe in the magic of words, sometimes expressed his yearnings for power in an idiom colored by the socialist, communist, and fascist language of the 1920s and 1930s.【参考译文】
劳伦斯比较短促的一生，正处在社会和政治大动荡的时期。如果不是由于1870年颁布的教育法令规定对儿童实行初等学校义务教育制，那么像他这样出身于贫困家庭的少年，日后是不可能有上大学和当教师这段经历的。他憎恨产业主义，特别憎恨在诸如诺丁汉郡这样的地区大规模地开采煤矿，造成对周围农村的破坏。这种状况在他的儿童时代和成年早期正达到顶峰。
第一次世界大战对许多受过正规教育的欧洲人是一次震动，随之他们的幻想也破灭了。这些欧洲人曾经相信物质的进步等同于文明的发展，并相信这种物质文明已永远消弭了战争的隐患。劳伦斯向来就不赞同这种几乎遍及全球的关于物质文明的信念。他对战争的恐惧，尽管更多出于个人原因，但从政治和社会的角度看，却证实是有预见性的——他认为战争是因循守旧的开端，是对真正的不干涉主义（或自由放任主义）的进攻。这在事实上已成为二十世纪的特征。
由于劳伦斯在意大利度过的岁月正值法西斯主义开始抬头期间，又由于他的“领袖梦”幻影往往在那些带有权力主义色彩的声明中或一些独裁主义人物的信口胡诌中露出苗头，从而在他的一生中针对他编织出的许多敌意的批评论调之一，便是指控他具有法西斯倾向。其实，透视他这个人的本质，便可看出这种指控是荒谬的。他憎恨因循守旧，坚持做人要做满腔热忱的人，这些便是他本质的流露。不过，就像许多相信言词的魅力的文学艺术家那样，劳伦斯有时确也使用二十和三十年代流行的那些带有社会主义，共产主义乃至法西斯主义色彩的惯用词语来表达自己对权力的向往。
Section B Chinese to English
他要出国。人没出外贸局的大门，这消息便不胫而走。
回到家里，屋里早坐满了人。“哥，给我捎台带电脑的收录机！”弟弟是那么兴奋，似乎收录机唾手可得。“哥，给我捎一套高级化妆品！”妹妹是那么激动，好像高级化妆品已在她身上发挥了作用，更增添了她的妩媚。“妈，您捎点什么？”他问。“不捎别的，捎台洗衣机就行！”丈母娘也高兴得什么似的，嘴都快咧到了耳朵根底下。“娘，您老呢？”“不管咋着，把你捎回来就中！”娘的眼里闪着晶莹的光。
人陆续走了。“志华，你捎点？”他柔情地扶着妻的肩。“我和娘一样？”妻深情地望着他。
他的眼霎时湿漉漉了，两串珍珠似的东西滴在妻的秀发上。【参考译文】
He was going abroad. The news spread rapidly even before he left the Foreign Trade Bureau.
When he reached home, He found a roomful of people waiting for him.
“Brother, please bring me a computer-controlled radio cassette recorder,” said his younger brother, apparently in high spirits, as if he could get what he wanted right away.
“Bring me a set of high-grade cosmetics, brother,” said his younger sister, filled with excitement, as if the high-grade cosmetics were taking effect on her, making her more charming. “Mother, what do you want me to bring you?” he asked.
“Oh, just bring me a washing machine,” answered his mother-in-law, grinning from ear to ear. She was mighty happy.
“What about you, mom?”
“No matter what happens, please do bring yourself back home,” replied his mother, her eyes glistening with tears.
People left his room one after another.
“Zhihua, what do you want??”his asked, gently placing his hands on his wife’s shoulders. “I have the same idea as mom?” she said softly, gazing at him with affection.
At this, tears welled up in his eyes and streamed down onto her beautiful hair.
2011年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、英汉词条互译
1．基础设施【答案】infrastructure
2．低保【答案】Minimum Living Standard
3．低碳经济【答案】low-carbon economy
4．人均收入【答案】average per capita income
5．节能减排【答案】energy saving and emission reduction; energy conservation and emission reduction
6．法治社会【答案】society governed by law; society ruled by law
7．赈灾扶贫【答案】Poverty and Disaster Relief; poverty alleviation and Disaster Relief
8．兴国【答案】national rejuvenation through science and education
9．知识密集型产业【答案】knowledge-intensive industry
10．信用风险防范机制【答案】prevention mechanism against credit risk
11．国际核不扩散体系【答案】the international nuclear non-proliferation regime/system
12．中东和平进程【答案】the Middle East peace process
13．世界多极化【答案】world multi-polarization; the multi-polar world
14．国家主权和领土完整【答案】national sovereignty and territorial integrity
15．农副产品加工【答案】agricultural and sideline product processing
16．disposal income【答案】可支配收入
17．value-added tax【答案】增殖税
18．sunrise industry【答案】朝阳产业
19．brain drain【答案】人才流失
20．weapon of mass destruction【答案】大规模杀伤性武器
21．vulnerable group【答案】弱势群体
22．global warming【答案】全球变暖
23．transfer of intangible assets【答案】无形资产转让
24．wholesale and retail businesses【答案】批发和零售业务
25．GDP【答案】国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)
26．ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟(Association of South East Asian Nations；东盟
27．renewable energy【答案】可再生能源
28．migrant rural laborers【答案】农民工
29．international practice【答案】国际惯例
30．good-neighborly and friendly cooperation【答案】睦邻友好合作（关系.
二、篇章翻译
Section A English to Chinese
Every year, Fortune magazine celebrates women in the top echelons of corporate America by publishing a list of the 50 Most Powerful Women in Business. Their titles are impressive-CEO, chairman, president-and photos portray them as polished and confident. What an inspiration they could be to the young women following them!
But what if those young women don’t aspire to a corner office? A week after the Fortune list appeared on newsstands, a major national study of teenagers revealed a surprising finding: while 97 percent of girls polled expect to work to support themselves or their families, only 9 percent want careers in business. Among boys, the figure is 15 percent.
But why do girls shy away from business? The number of women applying to business schools has dropped off. By contrast, women make up half the students in medical and law schools.
Unlike boys in the study, who say they want to earn a lot of money, girls place great importance on helping others and improving society. But they don’t see connections between those goals and business, which they equate with finance and numbers. And they’re less confident than boys about their business-related skills.
Teen girls also place a high value on having enough time to spend with family and friends. In describing business, Professor Wilson says, “they used many images involving stress-images about dads having to make conference calls on vacation, and moms always being tired when they got home, or complaining about their bad bosses.”
As it happens, mothers are the primary source of career advice for daughters. But parents' goals are often less well defined for girls than for boys.
Wilson calls the lack of women at the top “alarming”, adding that the study doesn’t offer a lot of hope that future generations will swell the ranks of women in leadership positions.【参考译文】
每年，《财富》杂志都会发布一份商界最具影响力的50位女性的榜单来祝贺美国企业界的女性。他们的头衔是“首席执行官”、“董事长”和“总裁”而且在照片中她们的形象都是光鲜和充满自信的。她们对追随她们的年轻女性是多么大的鼓舞啊！
但是，如果那些年轻的女性不渴望去办公室工作呢?在财富榜单出现的一个星期后，一项针对青少年的全国性研究得到了一个惊人的发现：97%的受访女孩不想工作来养活自己或家人，只有9%的女孩希望事业成功。在男孩中，这个数字是15%。
但是为什么女孩们会回避商业呢?申请商学院的女性数量有所下降，相比之下，在医学院和法学院，女性占了一半。
不像研究中的男孩说他们想要挣很多钱，女孩们非常重视帮助他人和改善社会。但是她们并不认为这些目标和商业之间有联系，她们把商业与金融和数字等同起来。她们对自己的商业技能缺乏信心。
年轻的女孩也很重视有足够的时间和家人和朋友在一起。威尔逊教授说，在描述商业时，他们使用了很多图片，包括关于父亲在度假时充满压力打电话的图片以及妈妈们回家后总是很累或者抱怨自己的坏老板的图片。
事实上，母亲是女儿职业生涯建议的主要来源。但是，父母对女孩的目标要求往往没有对男孩的那么明确。
威尔逊称商业里缺乏女性是最令人担忧的，他补充说，这项研究也表明，未来并没有带来很大希望能看到领导岗位上会有更多的女性身影出现。
Section B Chinese to English
有一次，几个中国人到一位比较富裕的美国人家里去做客。主人引他们参观自己的住所，中国客人说：你们的房子多好啊。非常漂亮。主人听了十分高兴，按美国习惯笑着回答说：谢谢。有些中国客人对她的回答感到意外。后来，在餐桌上谈话时，主人对大学毕业不久的中国女翻译说：你的英语很好，很流利。女翻译谦虚地说：不!不!我的英语说得很不好。主人没想到她会这样的回答，感到有些迷惑不解。
那位美国主妇的回答是否像有些中国人认为的那样：不够谦虚呢？
那些年轻的中国女翻译的回答是否像美国主人听起来那样不够诚恳呢？
其实，美国主妇的回答并非不谦虚，中国女翻译回答也不是不诚恳。讲英语的人听到别人赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应假装自卑或装作谦虚。但是，对中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或缺乏教养。因此，上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。【参考译文】
Once a group of Chinese were visiting the home of a fairly well to do American .As they were shown around the house, they commented, you have a very nice home. It is so beautiful. The hostess smiled with obvious pleasure and replied in good American fashion Thank you -which caused surprise among some of her Chinese guests. Later, while conversing at the dinner table, the host regarded to the Chinese interpreter, a young lady who had graduated not long ago from a Chinese university, your English is excellent and really quite fluent. To this she demurred, No, no. My English is quite poor -an answer that he had not expected and found a bit puzzling.
Was the American hostess’ reply immodest, as it seemed to some of the Chinese?
Was the young Chinese interpreter s remark insincere, as it sounded to the Americans?
In both cases the answer is no. To English Speaking people, praise is to be accepted, generally with a remark like Thank you .some not unworthy achievement or thing ,Therefore ,there should however, the customary reply to a compliment would be to claim enough, or that success was more a matter of luck or some other circumstances. Acceptance of a compliment would imply conceit or lack of manners. So in the two cases above, the reason for such different reactions was differences in customs and habits. Each was interpreting what the other said according to his or her own culture.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]